Uso da genotipagem de grupos sanguíneos na elucidação de casos inconclusivos na fenotipagem eritrocitária de pacientes atendidos na Fundação Hemominas / Blood group genotyping to solve inconclusive phenotyping cases of patients from the Hemominas Foundation

A determinação do perfil de antígenos eritrocitários em doadores de sangue e pacientes que recebem transfusão sanguínea é importante na prevenção de aloimunização. Pacientes recentemente transfundidos ou com anemia hemolítica autoimune nem sempre conseguem ser fenotipados, e para estes casos a genotipagem vem se apresentando como uma ferramenta auxiliar na tipagem sanguínea. Neste estudo foram padronizadas técnicas de PCR alelo específicas ou de PCR-RFLP para a genotipagem dos alelos de grupos sanguíneos Rh (RHD, RHCE*C/c, RHCE*E/e), Kell (KEL*1/KEL*2), Kidd (JK*A/JK*B) e Duffy (FY*A/FY*B e FY*B(-33T>C)), importantes na medicina transfusional. Elas foram empregadas com sucesso para a tipagem de 36 pacientes que não puderam ser fenotipados ou que apresentaram resultados inconclusivos na fenotipagem eritrocitária. Vinte destes pacientes eram aloimunizados por diferentes antígenos, sendo o anticorpo anti-E o mais frequente (55 por cento). O uso da genotipagem também mostrou-se útil na identificação de anticorpos irregulares. Por sua precisão, facilidade de execução e viabilidade de custo, as técnicas para tipagem de DNA para estes sistemas sanguíneos foram implantadas em nosso Serviço a partir de 2007 e vêm sendo usadas na prática transfusional, contribuindo para aumento da segurança dos pacientes cronicamente transfundidos ou com anemia hemolítica autoimune, como, por exemplo, pacientes com anemia falciforme. Além disso, ela vem permitindo o melhor uso de unidades de sangue com fenótipos menos frequentes na nossa população de doadores de sangue.

The determination of the blood group antigen profile of blood donors and transfusion patients is important to avoid alloimmunization. The knowledge of blood group polymorphisms acquired over the last few years has permitted the development of molecular methods that are able to predict blood group phenotypes. For patients who have recently been transfused or those who present with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, genotyping is an important tool in blood typing. We used molecular biology (allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP) to genotype Rh (RHD, RHCE*C/c, RHCE*E/e), Kell (KEL*1/KEL*2), Kidd (JK*A/JK*B) and Duffy (FY*A/FY*B and FYB(-33T>C)) alleles and solved the inconclusive blood types of 36 patients. Twenty patients had developed irregular antibodies of different red blood cell antigens, most frequently anti-E (55 percent). The definition of irregular antibodies was feasible by genotyping. Due to their accuracy, simplicity and economic viability, these tests have been used in the clinical practice in our Institution since 2007, contributing to the management of chronically transfused patients. Additionally, these tests allow a better use of less common blood units related to the ethnicity of the blood donor population.

Effect of Surgical Therapy on the Courses of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was successfully eliminated after surgical therapy such as large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ) or type I extended hysterectomy. METHODS: Seventy four cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients with HPV infection who were admitted for LLETZ or type I extended hysterectomy were recruited into this prospective study. HPV infection was confirmed by HPV DNA genotyping using HPV DNA Chip (Biomedlab, Seoul, Korea) before and after surgical therapy. RESULTS: According to the assay used (HPV DNA Chip(R)) at the postoperative visit, 82.5% of treated patients were completely free from HPV infection. And there was no statistical difference between LLETZ and type I extended hysterectomy (p=0.452). However, there was persistent infection in 17.5% of treated patients after final surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: Although the HPV infection associated with CIN was effectively eliminated after LLETZ and type I extended hysterectomy, there was persistent infection in 17.5% of treated patients. Therefore, the careful followed-up examination of HPV infection should be taken in these patients.