Exploração e precariedade na nova dinâmica produtiva nos canaviais e a persistência do desgaste e adoecimento do trabalho / Exploitation and precariousness in new productive dynamics in the sugar cane fields and the persistence of wear and illness at work

Nas últimas décadas, o processo de trabalho no setor agrícola brasileiro passou por transformações. Essas alterações, desencadeadas em grande medida pela inserção de tecnologia e mecanização de etapas do processo produtivo, impuseram uma nova dinâmica ao trabalho nos canaviais, articulando antigas formas de organização e condições de trabalho com os imperativos da mecanização. Neste contexto, situações de suscetibilidade à ocorrência de acidentes e diferentes agravos à saúde, presentes no cotidiano do trabalho nos canaviais, renovaram-se. Exposição aos agrotóxicos, novas práticas de queima da cana, manuseio de máquinas e instrumentos de trabalho em um contexto de aumento da produtividade e intensificação do trabalho exemplificam esta situação. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e problematizar situações de trabalho, assim como as circunstâncias de ocorrências de acidentes típicos e doenças com nexo laboral no segmento da agroindústria canavieira da região de Araraquara (SP). As reflexões desenvolvidas têm como ponto de apoio pesquisa de campo desenvolvida entre 2013 e 2014. A partir das entrevistas com 14 trabalhadores(as) pode-se compreender as distintas articulações entre as histórias de vida desses homens e mulheres e o cotidiano do trabalho nos canaviais. Os dados obtidos indicam que o ritmo e a jornada intensa de trabalho, em conjunto com a falta de equipamento de proteção, a exposição aos agrotóxicos e com outros riscos presentes no meio rural estão na base da ocorrência dos acidentes, marcas da ampliação da exploração e da precariedade do trabalho com o avanço de medidas de perfil neoliberal.

In the last few decades, the labor process in the Brazilian agricultural sector underwent important transformations. These changes, triggered to a great extent by the insertion of technology and mechanization of stages of the productive process, imposed new dynamics to labor in sugarcane fields, articulating old forms of organization and working conditions with the imperatives of mechanization. In this context, situations of susceptibility to the occurrence of accidents and different health problems that are quite present in the daily life of labor in sugarcane have been renewed. Exposure to pesticides, new practices of sugarcane burning, as well as the handling of machines and working tools in a context of increased productivity and intensification of work exemplify this situation. This article analyzes such labor conditions and situations, as well as the circumstances of occurrences of typical accidents and diseases resulting from labor relations in the sugarcane agribusiness segment of the Araraquara (SP) region. The considerations developed here are supported by field research developed between 2013 and 2014. Fourteen workers were interviewed, which allowed to understand the different articulations between the life stories of these men and women and the daily work in the cane fields. The data obtained indicate that the pace and intense working hours associated to lack of protective equipment, exposure to pesticides and other risks present in rural areas are the basis for the occurrence of accidents, marks of the expansion of exploration and precariousness with the advancement of neoliberal measures.

Clima de escola e envolvimento de estudantes do 3º ciclo do ensino básico / School climate and involvement in school of 7th - 9th grade students / Clima escolar y participación de estudiantes del nivel secundario

O presente estudo teve como objetivos: a tradução e adaptação de um questionário de clima de escola para estudantes portugueses (Delaware School Climate Survey-Student - DSCS-S); compreender as relações entre clima de escola e envolvimento dos alunos na escola e o seu sucesso escolar anterior. Foi também aplicada a Escala Quadridimensional de Envolvimento dos Estudantes (EAE-E4D) a 442 estudantes de escolas básicas de Évora, Portugal. Os resultados demonstram a importância das relações professor/a - aluno/a na forma como o clima de escola se relaciona com percursos escolares bem-sucedidos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no envolvimento afetivo e comportamental entre alunos com e sem sucesso escolar. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva e moderada entre o clima de escola e o envolvimento na escola.

The present study aimed to: 1) translate and adapt a Portuguese school climate questionnaire (Delaware School Climate Survey-Student - DSCS-S); 2) understand the relationships between school climate and student involvement in school and their previous school success. The Four-Dimensional Scale of Student Involvement (EAE-E4D) and the adapted version of the DSCS-S were applied to a sample of 442 students from 7th - 9th grades of the city of Évora, Portugal. The main results demonstrate the importance of teacher - student relationships in the way the school climate is related to successful school pathways. Significant differences were found in the affective and behavioral involvement among students with and without school success. There was a positive and moderate correlation between the school climate and the students' involvement in school.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos: la traducción y adaptación de un cuestionario acerca del clima escolar para estudiantes portugueses (Delaware School Climate Survey-Student - DSCS-S); comprender las relaciones entre el clima escolar y la participación de los alumnos en la escuela y su éxito escolar anterior. Además, fue aplicada la Escala Cuatridimensional de Participación de los Estudiantes (EAE-E4D) a 442 estudiantes de escuelas básicas de Évora, Portugal. Los resultados muestran la importancia de las relaciones profesor/a- alumno/a en la medida en que el clima escolar se relaciona con los logros en las trayectorias escolares. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la participación afectiva y comportamental entre alumnos con y sin logros académicos. Se observa una correlación positiva y moderada entre el clima escolar y la participación en la escuela.

A Intervenção em Psicologia em uma Universidade na Amazônia Sul Ocidental / The Intervention in Psychology at a University in the Western Amazon / La Intervención en Psicología en una Universidad de la Amazonia Occidental

O objetivo desse relato é descrever uma experiência profissional em Psicologia vivenciada em uma universidade pública, destacando questões como o alcance e a qualidade da intervenção em Psicologia nas políticas públicas de educação superior. Diante da demanda de realizar o trabalho em Psicologia com atendimentos individuais de tratamento, a estratégia foi apresentar um projeto de trabalho no qual a ação principal seria a promoção à saúde, ao mesmo tempo que os relatórios das atividades desenvolvidas eram entregues sistematicamente, demonstrando, a partir de resultados como: níveis baixos de procura e níveis altos de evasão e de custo, que a proposta da gestão não seria a melhor estratégia. As atividades de promoção e prevenção em saúde, com trabalhos em grupo substancialmente, precisariam ser objetivo principal da intervenção em Psicologia em uma universidade. Uma política pública que quer intervir apenas nos sintomas e não nas causas destes, apresenta-se como apoio ao desmonte das universidades públicas. As ações propostas para cuidar da saúde dos servidores e servidoras e estudantes se tornam uma intervenção sem impacto significativo na instituição e que não contribui para a afirmação da universidade gratuita, de qualidade, laica e socialmente referenciada, estando, assim, corroborando para o seu desmonte e, em curto prazo, possibilitar a privatização no lugar de efetivamente contribuir para a construção de uma educação de qualidade....(AU)

The purpose of this report is to describe a professional experience in psychology experienced at a public university, highlighting issues such as the scope and quality of intervention in psychology in public higher education policies. Faced with the demand to perform work in psychology with individual treatment, the strategy was to present a work project in which the main action would be health promotion, while the reports of the activities developed were presented systematically, demonstrating, from results such as: low levels of demand, and high levels of avoidance and cost, that the management proposal would not be the best strategy. Health promotion and prevention activities, with group work, would need to be the main objective of intervention in psychology at a university. A public policy that wants to intervene only in the symptoms and not in the causes of these, is presented as support for the dismantling of public universities. The actions proposed to take care of the health of the servants and students become an intervention without significant impact in the institution and that do not contribute to the affirmation of the free university, of quality, secular and socially referenced, being, thus, corroborating for its dismantling And, in the short term, to enable privatization rather than effectively contributing to the construction of quality education....(AU)

El objetivo de este relato es describir una experiencia profesional en psicología vivida en una universidad pública, destacando cuestiones como el alcance y la calidad de la intervención en psicología en las políticas públicas de educación superior. Ante la demanda de realizar el trabajo en psicología con atendimientos individuales de tratamiento, la estrategia fue presentar un proyecto de trabajo en el cual la acción principal sería la promoción a la salud, al mismo tiempo que los informes de las actividades desarrolladas eran presentados sistemáticamente, demostrando, de resultados como: niveles bajos de demanda, y niveles altos de evasión y de costo, que la propuesta de la gestión no sería la mejor estrategia. Las actividades de promoción y prevención en salud, con trabajos en grupo, necesitarían ser el objetivo principal de la intervención en psicología en una universidad. Una política pública que quiere intervenir solo en los síntomas y no en las causas de estos, se presenta como apoyo al desmonte de las universidades públicas. Las acciones propuestas para cuidar de la salud de los servidores y servidoras y estudiantes se convierten en una intervención sin impacto significativo en la institución que no contribuye a la afirmación de la universidad gratuita, de calidad, laica y socialmente referenciada, estando, así, apoyando su desmonte y, a corto plazo, posibilitando la privatización en lugar de efectivamente contribuir a la construcción de una educación de calidad....(AU)

O Envelhecimento Humano na Agenda Política Brasileira: Análise da Política Nacional do/a Idoso/a, PNI / The Human Aging in the Brazilian Political Agenda: Analysis of the National Policy for the Elderly Person, NPEP / El Envejecimiento Humano en la Agenda Política Brasileña: Análisis de la Política Nacional de Ancianos/as, PNI

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a incorporação da questão do envelhecimento humano na agenda política e a construção da PNI. O estudo foi bibliográfico com análise da legislação vigente, fundamentado em autores com uma perspectiva crítica. Percebeu-se que a PNI constitui um avanço para a população idosa, mas que sua efetivação depende de outras políticas, assim como de lutas sociais.

The article aimed to analyze the incorporation of the issue of human aging in the political agenda and the construction of the NPEP. The study was bibliographical with analysis of the current legislation, based on authors with a critical perspective. It was noticed that the NPEP is an advance for the elderly population, but that its effectiveness depends on the others policies, as well as on social struggles.

El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la incorporación de la cuestión del envejecimiento humano en la agenda política y la construcción de la PNI. El estudio fue bibliográfico con análisis de la legislación vigente, fundamentado en autores con una perspectiva crítica. Se percibió que la PNI constituye un avance para la población anciana, pero que su efectividad depende de otras políticas, así como de luchas sociales.

Cloning, mRNA expression and protein functional bioinformatics analysis of SLA-DOA in Banna mini-pig inbred line / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To clone swine leukocyte antigen,class II,DO alpha (SLA-DOA) gene from Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) and detect its mRNA expression level in 19 important tissues.Methods:The complete eDNA sequence of SLA-DOA gene was cloned by RT-PCR method from BMI and the mRNA expression pattern in BMI important tissues was examined by semi-quantative RT-PCR method.Nucleotide and protein sequences of SIA-DOA were used to carry out bioinformatics analysis and construct the phylogenetic tree.Results:The eDNA length of BMI SLA-DOA was 1 079 bp,which encoded a protein of 250 amino acids with molecular weight (Mw) 27.81 kD,and isoelectric point (pI) 6.48.Genome structure analysis showed it localized to Sus scrofa chromosomes 7 and consisted of four exons and three introns.Semi-quantitative expression analysis showed that SLA-DOA gene expressed highly in the lymph nodes and stomach;weakly in the heart,skin and duodenum and none in other 14 tissues.Functional bioinformatics analysis indicated that SLA-DOA protein contained one signal poptide,one transmembrane region,three conserved domains,four O-GlcNAc glycosylation sites,18 potential phosphorylation sites and to be located in the cytoplasm with 94.1％ certainty.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BMI (pig) had the closest relationship with cattle.Conclusion:This study have successfully cloned the SLA-DOA gene of Banna mini-pig inbred line,performed bioinformatics analysis and tissue expression profile analysis.It will provide a basis for the studies of BMI xenotransplantation.

Metabolomic study on preventive effect of Aqueous extract and Volatile oil of Dalbergia Odorifera on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the changes of serum metabolism after the treatment of DOA and DOO on myocardial ischemia reperfusion ( MI/R ) injury in rats, and to explore the pathogenesis of MI/R injury and drug action mechanism. Method The serum samples of Sham group, Model group, DOA group and DOO group of rats were acquired, gas phase time of flight mass spectrometry ( GC-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze the metabolic profiles of the samples. After da-ta preprocessing, they were processed into SIMCA 14. 1 software for multivariate statistical analysis. Results By principal components analysis ( PCA ) , partial least squares analysis ( PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis ( OPLS-DA ) , the Model group and Sham group were obviously separated, the drug in-tervention group and Model group were separated and close to Sham group. The therapeutic effect of DOO and DOA on MI/R injury in rats was proved. The ex-perimental results identified 13 endogenous biomark-ers, which were related to the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. Con-clusion DOA and DOO may protect the MI/R injured rats by regulating the glucose metabolism, lipid metab-olism and amino acid metabolism pathway.

O assédio moral nas relações de trabalho do(a) assistente social: uma questão emergente / Bullying in the social worker’s labor relationships — an emerging issue

Resumo:O presente artigo é resultado da dissertação de mestrado que teve como objetivo analisar a prática do assédio moral como uma nova estratégia de gestão das relações de trabalho no atual contexto da reestruturação produtiva, com enfoque nos (as) trabalhadores (as) assistentes sociais. A pesquisa realizada evidenciou as situações vexatórias e humilhantes a que são submetidos os (as) profissionais, que se repetem e se prolongam durante a jornada de trabalho, provocando danos morais, sofrimento, desgaste mental e adoecimento.

Abstract:The present article resulted from a master’s degree dissertation whose aim was to analyze bullying as a new strategy of management in labor relationships in the current context of production restructuring, with an emphasis on social workers. The research undertaken showed the annoying and humiliating situations the professionals are subject to. Such situations are repetitive, they go on during the working hours, and they cause moral damage, suffering, mental strain and illness.

Educação profissional cidadã: ampliando a concepção dos cuidadores(as) de idosos(as) acerca do processo de envelhecimento para além das práticas de cuidado / Professional public education: extending the concept of elderly caregivers about the aging process in addition to the practices of care

Cuidar de pessoas idosas é uma atividade complexa, envolvendo não apenas conhecimentos teórico-práticos, mas também os ligados às dimensões éticas, psicológicas e socioculturais. O objetivo desse trabalho é destacar alguns aspectos mais relevantes do perfil do(a) Cuidador(a) de pessoas idosas e problematizar o trabalho realizado por este profissional, ampliando o valor de suas práticas, tendo como ponto de partida os resultados obtidos com o desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa “Melhoria da Qualidade do Trabalho realizado pelo(a) Cuidador(a) de Idosos(as) da Cidade de Juazeiro e do Crato, no Ceará”, Brasil.

Caring for the elderly is a complex activity involves not only theoretical knowledge and practical, but ethical, psychological and sociocultural. The aim of this paper is to present relevant aspects of the profile caregiver of elderly and their work, taking as its starting point the development of the project “Quality Improvement of the Work performed by Caretaker Elderly of Cities Juazeiro and Crato in Ceará”, Brazil.

NONINVASIVE DETECTION OF BRAIN ACTIVITY VARIATION UNDER DIFFERENT DEPTH OF ANESTHESIA BY EEG COMPLEXITY / 药物分析学报

Objective To detect the change of brain activity under different depth of anesthesia (DOA)noninvasively. Methods The Lempel-Ziv complexity C(n) was used to analyze EEG and its four components (delta,theta, alpha, beta), which was recorded from SD rats under different DOA. The relationship between C(n) and DOA was studied. Results The C(n) of EEG will decrease while the depth of anesthesia increasing and vice versa. It can be used to detect the change of DOA sensitively. Compared with power spectrum, the change of C(n) is opposite to that of power spectru,. Only the C(n) of delta rhythm has obvious variations induced by the change of DOA, and the variations of delta is as similar as the EEG's. Conclusion The study shows that the desynchronized EEG is replaced by the synchronized EEG when rat goes into anesthesia state from awake, that is just the reason why complexity and power spectrum appear corresponding changes under different DOA. C(n) of delta rhythm dynamic change leads to the change of EEG, and the delta rhythm is the dominant rhythm during anesthesia for rats.

Survey of the Causes of Death on the Death Certificates of DOA Patients

BACKGROUND: To the emergency physician, issuing a death certificate is becoming a burden as the DOAs(Deaths on Arrival) have increased in recent years. We analyzed the agreement on the causes of death issued by emergency physicians and attempted to find out whether emergency physicians complied with the guidelines for issuing death certificates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A survey questionnaire containing twelve pre-selected DOA cases which were supplemented with relevant past medical history and physical examination was used. The cases, with varying causes of death, were chosen from the medical records of DOA patients who presented to the emergency department at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from January 1997 to December 2000. The questionnaires were sent to 60 emergency physicians(22 specialists and 38 residents) at 22 university-affiliated teaching hospitals and 2 general hospitals across the nation. They were asked to identify the most probable direct cause of death for each of the 12 cases. The same questionnaire was sent to medical examiners at the National Institute of Scientific Investigation and to a Korean emergency physician at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, USA. We also included an open question about the optimal age for the use of 'senility' as a cause of death. RESULTS: All 60 emergency physicians responded to the survey. The average number of causes of death per case was 9.7(7~14). The range of concordance of causes of death was 23.3% to 66.6%. Out of a total of 720 causes of death given by the emergency physicians, 35(4.9%) failed to adhere to the death certification guidelines. Also, 210 causes of death were not listed in the Korean classification of standard causes of death. Interestingly, the medical examiner answered 'unknown etiology' and the emergency physician in the USA answered 'cardiopulmonary arrest' or 'respiratory arrest' in most cases. Regarding 'senility' as a cause of death, 22 physicians(36.7%) thought the optimal age was over 80 years. CONCLUSION: A significant lack of agreement exists in determining the cause of death for the DOA patients arriving at emergency departments. Therefore, an all-out effort is essential to find ways to improve and resolve this situation. As the death certificate is a legal document and a basis for vital statistics, emergency physician should seek a rational consensus to improve and resolve these inconsistencies.