Effect of Supplementation of Both Dried Poultry Excreta and Probiotics on the Performance of Broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of DPE andprobiotics on performance of commercial broiler chicks. Three DPE levels (without DPE, with DPE 5% and DPE 10% supplementation) as well as Two probiotic levels (without and with P supplementation)were considered for the study. The experiment consisted of two replicates for DPE groups. The performance of broiler was evaluated in terms of growth and feed efficiency at 6th week of age. Data were analyzed on survivor and equal number of bird’s per subclass basis. Analysis of variance revealed that the difference between replicates were not significant for the different traits under study as such all subsequent analysis was performed. Inclusion of DPE and probioticsin diet had significant effect. Group of chicks fed with diet DPE were significantly heavier than those fed with diet without DPE at second week body weight. It indicates that the DPE supplementation had weighty effect on early growth of chicks. The Overall feed efficiency also showed the similar trend as was obtained for weekly feed efficiency. The analysis indicated that the inclusion of DPEand probiotics in the diet significantly affected the weekly feed conversion efficiency. Inclusion of probiotics and DPE revealed significant effects on body weight. Chicks showed higher body weight with diet having DPE and probiotics.

Impact of ‘Community based Diabetic patient education’ on glycaemic status, life style and self care practices among type 2 diabetes patients in an urban slum of Mumbai, India.

Demographic transition combined with urbanization and industrialization has resulted in drastic changes in lifestyles of all people but its harmful impact is more in developing countries because of their rapid pace of growth in last few decades. According to the recent World Health Organization report, India has around 32 million diabetic patients and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Our Aim of the study was to assess the impact of community based DPE on glycaemic control, life style and self care practices among type 2 diabetic patients. This community based interventional study done among 272 type 2 diabetic patients who were selected from slum area. All patients were given Community diabetic patient education (DPE) over a period of one year. Following DPE the life style parameters and self care practices have improved which is statistically significant (p value <0.05). Both fasting and postprandial blood sugar level, blood pressure & BMI had been significantly improved (p value < 0.001).

Development of a controlled release formulation of an indigenous insect growth regulator, DPE-28, a substituted diphenylether, for controlling the breeding of Culex quinquefasciatus.

Background & objectives: DPE-28, a substituted diphenyl ether (2,6-ditertiarybutyl phenyl-2’,4’-dinitro phenyl ether) was reported to exhibit promising insect growth regulating activity against Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of lymphatic filariasis. A controlled release formulation (CRF) of DPE-28 has been developed to control Cx. quinquefasciatus in its breeding habitats. Toxicity of DPE-28, safety to non-target mosquito predators and the release profile of the CRF of DPE-28 are studied and discussed. Methods: The acute oral and dermal toxicity was tested in male and female Wistar rats as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 425 and 402 respectively. The toxicity of DPE-28 to non-target predators was tested as per the reported procedure from this laboratory. The CRF of DPE-28 was prepared by following the reported procedure developed at this laboratory earlier. The concentration of DPE-28 released from the CRF was monitored by HPLC by constructing a calibration graph by plotting the peak area in the Y-axis and the concentration of DPE-28 in the X-axis. Results: DPE-28 has been tested for acute oral toxicity and found to be moderately toxic with LD50 value of 1098 mg/kg body weight (b.w). The results of the acute dermal toxicity and skin irritation studies reveal that DPE-28 is safe and non-irritant. DPE-28 when tested at 0.4 mg/litre against non-target mosquito predators did not produce any mortality. The release profile of the active ingredient DPE-28 from the CRF by HPLC technique showed that the average daily release (ADR) of DPE-28 ranged from 0.07 to 5.0 mg/litre during first four weeks. Thereafter the matrix started eroding and the ADR ranged from 5 to 11 mg/litre during the remaining 5 wk. The cumulative release of active ingredient showed that > 90 per cent of the active ingredient was released from the matrix. Interpretation & conclusions: The controlled release matrix of DPE-28 was thus found to inhibit the adult emergence (>80%) of Cx. quinquefasciatus for a period of nine weeks. The CRF of DPE-28 may play a useful role in field and may be recommended for mosquito control programme after evaluating the same under field conditions.

The DPE, a core promoter element for transcription by RNA polymerase II

The core promoter is an important yet often overlooked component in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. In fact, the core promoter is the ultimate target of action of all of the factors and coregulators that control the transcriptional activity of every gene. In this review, I describe our current knowledge of a downstream core promoter element termed the DPE, which is a TFIID recognition site that is conserved from Drosophila to humans. The DPE is located from +28 to +32 relative to the +1 transcription start site, and is mainly present in core promoters that lack a TATA box motif. Moreover, in Drosophila, the DPE appears to be about as common as the TATA box. There are distinct mechanisms of basal transcription from DPE- versus TATA-dependent core promoters. For instance, NC2/Dr1-Drap1 is a repressor of TATA-dependent transcription and an activator of DPE-dependent transcription. In addition, DPE-specific and TATA-specific transcriptional enhancers have been identified. These findings further indicate that the core promoter is an active participant in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.

The DPE, a core promoter element for transcription by RNA polymerase II

The core promoter is an important yet often overlooked component in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. In fact, the core promoter is the ultimate target of action of all of the factors and coregulators that control the transcriptional activity of every gene. In this review, I describe our current knowledge of a downstream core promoter element termed the DPE, which is a TFIID recognition site that is conserved from Drosophila to humans. The DPE is located from +28 to +32 relative to the +1 transcription start site, and is mainly present in core promoters that lack a TATA box motif. Moreover, in Drosophila, the DPE appears to be about as common as the TATA box. There are distinct mechanisms of basal transcription from DPE- versus TATA-dependent core promoters. For instance, NC2/Dr1-Drap1 is a repressor of TATA-dependent transcription and an activator of DPE-dependent transcription. In addition, DPE-specific and TATA-specific transcriptional enhancers have been identified. These findings further indicate that the core promoter is an active participant in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.