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Objective To analyze the current situation and tendency of the application of narcotics in surgical pharmacy in our hospital from 2014 to 2016,and to evaluate them. Methods The usage and sales of narcotics data and the operation volume were collected by His system of our hospital and statistically analyzed. Results The drug usage and sales of narcotics and operation volume were increased year by year. DDDs of sufentanil was ranked in second in 2014 and 2015 ,and rose to first in 2016.DDDs of fentanyl(0.5mg) was ranked in first in 2014 and 2015,and declined to third in 2016.DDDs of remifentanil third in 2014 and 2015 rose to second in 2016. Remifentanil and sufentanil were ranked in top two in DDC. Conclusion The usage of narcotics in surgical pharmacy of our hospital is reasonable.
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Objective To analyze the use of narcotic drugs and the first class of psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of Wuhan Red Cross Hospital from 2011 to 2015.Methods Using the defined daily dose (DDD) which recommended by WHO as an index, and the dispensatory and clinical routine dose recommended by Chinese Pharmacopoeia and New Materia Medica as references.Adopting DUI as the statistic index, the drug's variety, quantity, sums and use frequency of the narcotic drugs and the first psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of our hospital from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed.Results According to the results, there was an increasing trend in sales amount from 2011 to 2015,among them,4 kinds of injections, 2 kinds of oral tablets,1 kind of transdermal patch and 1 kind of the sustained-release tablets.The sales amount of narcotic drugs showed an upward trend year by year.Conclusion In the past 5 years,the use of narcotic drugs and the first class of psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of the hospital are basically rreasonable, but it still needs to continuously strengthen the knowledge management of narcotic drugs and the related training, so as to ensure safe and effective use of medication in patients.
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Objective: To investigate the utilization status of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and to analyze the use rationality.Methods: The doctor's advice in 40 days annually was collected in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and the drug consumption, frequency of utilization (DDDs), defined daily cost (DDC) and drug utilization index (DUI) were analyzed for the patients with lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI.Results: Icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib were the three prevalent EGFR-TKIs used in Zhejiang province, and icotinib started to be used in clinics in 2013.The overall cost of EGFR-TKIs increased year by year during 2009 and 2015, and the total amount of sales increased by 4.67 times in 2015 when compared with that in 2009.Generally, the DDDs value of erlotinib showed a decreasing trend, however, that of icotinib and gefitinib rose year by year during 2009 and 2015.Erlotinib had the highest DDC followed by gefitinib and icotinib.The mean value of DUI of the three targeted drugs was about 1.Conclusion: The utilization of EGFR-TKI is reasonable in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province with increasing comsuption.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational utilization of antibiotics for special use. METHODS:Medical orders of antibiotics for special use in clinical departments of our hospital during 2013 to 2015 were selected from hospital information sys-tem. The consumption sum and its ratio,DDDs,DDC,DUI and the utilization of antibiotics for special use in clinical departments were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS:The consumption sum and its ratio of antibiotics for special use in our hospital during 2013 to 2015 both reduced year by year,decreasing from 21 872 200 yuan(48.00%)to 20 877 700 yuan(39.41%). The consump-tion sum ratio of carbapenems,cephalosporins and anti-deep fungal drugs showed descending tendency. The consumption sum ratio of anti-MRSA antibiotics changed slightly. DDDs of Meropenem for injection always took up the first place in recent 3 years,but the values were decreasing. DUI of Imipenem and cilastain sodium for injection was far less than 1,while those of Panipenem and betamipron for injection,Cefepime sodium for injection and Caspofungin acetate for injection(70 mg/injection)were far more than 1. The types of drug with DUI ranged 0.9-1.1 increased year by year,increasing from 3 types in 2013 (18.75%) to 10 types in 2015 (62.50%). Within 3 years, the utilization ratio of antibiotics for special use always took up the first place in ICU (86.64%-87.78%). CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum and its ratio of antibiotics for special use in our hospital during 2013 to 2015 decreased year by year,and the utilization of antibiotics for special use become increasingly rational. But,there still are some problems,such as inadequate dose of Imipenem and cilastain sodium for injection,overdose of Panipenem and betamipron for injection,Cefepime sodium for injection and Caspofungin acetate for injection(70 mg/injection).
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Objective To investigate anti-ulcerative drug (AUD) utility in patients undergoing thyroid operation against stress ulcer (SU ) during perioperative period .Methods A total of 393 patients undergoing arthroscopic operation during Jan . to Dec .2013 in our hospital were recruited and retrospectively analyzed with Excel spreadsheet .Results Among 393 patients in the study ,eighty-five patients (21 .6% ) used AUD (92 .9% )after operation ,most (94 .9% ) were administered by intrave-nous ,and drug utilization index (DUI) was 1 .48 .Eighty-seven point one patients used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in which lansoprazole was prescribed most .Conclusion PPIs were overused in patients undergoing thyroid operation .
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Objective To investigate the application situation and analyze the main characters and developing tendency of anti‐neoplastic drugs in some hospital .Methods To collect the frequency and the consumption sum of anti‐neoplastic drugs used in this hospital during 2012-2013 .All the data were analyzed with pharmaco‐economic methods .Results Anti‐neoplas‐tic herb drugs occupied the leading position in some hospital .Kang'ai injection occupied the top of consumption sum .Ubenimex capsule occupied the top of DDDS and the bottom of DDC ,most of anti‐neoplastic drugs had DUI nearly 1 .Conclusion The u‐tilization of anti‐neoplastic drugs was basically reasonable ,herb drugs occupied the leading position in this hospital ,and herb drugs played a large role in tumor treatment .
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of second class of psychotropic drugs in the clinic. METHODS:The second class of psychotropic drugs in outpatient department of our hospital during 2012-2015 were analyzed retrospectively in respects of the number of common drugs prescription,distribution of gender/age/disease diagnosis,DDDs and DUI,etc. RE-SULTS:During 2012-2015,second class of psychotropic drugs in outpatient department of our hospital accounted for 25.09%of to-tal prescription amout. The drugs with high use frequency were alprazolam,clonazepam,lorazepam and estazolam,accounting for 93.10% of total prescription amount of second class of psychotropic drugs. The proportion of male to female was 1∶1.50;the pa-tients aged 19-35 years old took up the biggest proportion,accounting for 34.62%. The proportion of schizophrenia prescription was the highest,accounting for 45.17%. DDDs of alprazolam was the highest,being 742 141.67;its DUI was 1.075;DUI of oth-er drugs was lower than 1.0. CONCLUSIONS:The use of second class of psychotropic drugs is basically reasonable in our hospi-tal. Guiding principles of Clinical Application of Psychotropic Drugs should be implemented strictly and continously to avoid abuse of second class of psychotropic drugs.
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OBJECTIVE:To learn the application and tendency of hepatoprotective drugs in a third grade class A hospital dur-ing 2011-2014,and to provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:DDDs analysis and consumption ordering method were adopted to analyze the change of DDDs,DDC and other index of hepatoprotective drugs in this hospital from 2011 to 2014. RE-SULTS:2011-2014,the amount and DDDs of Hepatoprotective injection in this hospital increased year by year,while oral dosage form decreased year by year. DDC order of each drug kept stable during 2011-2014;DDC and DDDs of drugs for promoting ener-gy metabolism were all in high level,and ornithine aspartate and ademetionine always took up the first 2 places in 4 years. Polyene phosphatidylcholine and Reduced glutathione injection were cheap,but had higher DDDs. Except Glutathione tablet,DUI of other hepatoprotective drugs had no great difference in 3 years,and fluctuated in 2014;hepatoprotective drugs with DUI>1 and DUI<1 occupied a large proportion. From 2010 to 2014,compared with previous year,the drugs with consumption sum/DDDs ratio num-ber close to 1 reduced significantly in the next year,decreasing year by year. CONCLUSIONS:In this hospital,injections are used too frequently,and overuse of drugs for promoting energy metabolism exist. Polyene phosphatidylcholine and Reduced glutathione injection can be used as a valuable drug in the clinic,and their cost are more acceptable,but not in excess.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of narcotic drugs and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs. METH-ODS:The utilization of narcotic drugs and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs in clinical wards of Zhengzhou People's Hospital during Jan.-Dec. in 2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of drug types,department distribution medication purpose,DDDs,DDC, DUI,etc. RESULTS:A total of 16 kinds of narcotic drugs and one kind of categoryⅠpsychotropic drugs were used in 28 981 pre-scriptions of narcotic drugs and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs in our hospital in 2014;A total of 16 kinds of narcotic drugs and one categery Ⅰ psychotropic drugs were used,narcotic drugs mainly included Sufentanil citrate injection(7 816 prescriptions)and Fentanyl citrate injection (5 104 prescriptions),and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs mainly was Ketamine hydrochloride injection (190 prescriptions). Narcotic drugs and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs were mainly used in anesthesia department,pain depart-ment and medical oncology department. Main purpose of narcotic drugs and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs were intraoperative an-esthesia,cancer pain and postoperative analgesia. Top 3 drugs in the list of DDDs were Sufentanil citrate injection,Fentanyl citrate injection(0.1 mg)and Remifentanil for injection. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of narcotics and category Ⅰ psychotropic drugs are generally rational in the hospital;the doctors can grasp the indication and medication principle,and use drugs rationally accord-ing to disease condition.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of narcotics drugs in the clinic. METHODS:A total of 5 841 prescriptions of narcotic drugs in our hospital from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were selected as subjects. The utilization of drugs was an-alyzed statistically using DDDs,DDC and DUI as index. The situation of pharmacists prescriptions dispensing was analyzed with missing rate of unqualified prescriptions as an indicator. RESULTS:7 narcotics drugs DUI≤1.00 in 2012. 9 narcotics drugs DUIs≤1.00 in 2013. The highest missing rate of unqualified prescriptions was 9.33% in the inpatient pharmacy in 2013. The amount and DDDs of Morphine hydrochloride injection,Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet and Oxycodone sustained-release tablet all in-creased in 2013,compared to in 2012;DUI of all morphine preparation were >1.00. DUI of Codeine phosphate tablet and Bucin-nazine tablet were decreased from 1.64 and 1.11 in 2012 to 1.02 and 0.74 in 2013,tending to be reasonable. The amount and DDDs of Sulfentanyl injection,Remifentanil injection and Fentanyl patch all in 2013,compared to in 2012. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of narcotics drugs in our hospital basically tend to be rational,but still many deficiencies exist. We should strengthen in-tervention and management on the the utilization of narcotic drugs further.
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Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs (DUI) is a well-established risk factor for traffic accidents, and men and women have different consumption patterns. The scope of this paper is to analyze differences in alcohol and drug consumption, as well as on behavior associated with traffic accidents among men and women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 609 sequential traffic accident victims attended in emergency care from Porto Alegre. Subjects gave a structured interview, were breathalyzed and had a saliva test for alcohol/drug screening. Results showed that women were mainly passengers or pedestrians (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in positive blood alcohol concentration. However, men reported more binge drinking and THC use, while women had more benzodiazepine in their saliva (p<0.05). This is the first Brazilian study to compare alcohol and drug use among men and women who were the victims of traffic accidents. Results point to differences in the pattern of substance abuse, as well on risk behavior. Data may be useful for specific prevention strategies that take gender differences into consideration.
Dirigir sob a influência de álcool/drogas (DUI) contribui para ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito, sendo que homens e mulheres diferem quanto ao seu consumo. Objetivo: Analisar as diferenças no consumo de álcool/drogas e nos comportamentos de risco para dirigir entre homens e mulheres. Método: Estudo transversal, com amostra consecutiva de 609 vítimas de acidentes de trânsito atendidas nas emergências de Porto Alegre. Realizou-se entrevista estruturada, teste de bafômetro e saliva para screening de álcool e drogas. Resultados: As mulheres acidentaram-se principalmente como passageiras e pedestres, (p < 0.001). Não houve diferença na triagem para abuso/dependência ou alcoolemia positiva. Porém, os homens referiram mais "beber pesado" e utilizaram mais THC e cocaína, enquanto as mulheres utilizaram benzodiazepínicos (p < 0.05). Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo brasileiro a comparar uso de álcool e drogas entre homens e mulheres vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Os dados podem ser úteis na elaboração de estratégias específicas de prevenção que considerem as diferenças de gênero. .
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Driving Under the Influence/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Risk-Taking , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Objective]Aimed to inherit Mr Chen Zugao's clinical experience and understand his medical characteristics. [Methods]Through the review of the herbal medicine books, summarized the experience of commonly used drugs(paired drugs and the three drugs pairing) of Mr. Chen. [Results] Completed the summary about Mr Chen's 8 groups of paired drugs(dui yao) and the three drugs pairing(jiaoyao): guizhi, digupi; guizhi, gansui;chuanshanjia, zaojiaoci; baijiezi, jiuxiangchong; huangqi, tianhuafen; qinjiu, baijili; fuzi, xixin, shigao; huangqi, zhimu, taizishen. [Conclusions]The paired drugs(dui yao) and the three drugs pairing(jiao yao) are the main medicine prescription drugs. A lot of applications wil be done in order to achieve good results. Inferiors wil be harvested who can have careful study of Mr. Chen's experience.
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OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of positive Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) among drivers and to examine associated factors in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian state capitals. METHODS: 3,398 drivers were approached on highways crossing all 27 Brazilian capitals from 12 p.m. to 12 a.m. (Fridays and Saturdays). They were breathalyzed and data on their driving characteristics and alcohol consumption were collected. Multivariate logistic regression following a hierarchical conceptual framework was used to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The overall weighted prevalence of positive BAC (> 0.1 mg/L) was 4.2%. The multivariate analysis showed that education up to 8 years (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0), age > 30 years (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.8), type of vehicle (cars: OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.1; motorcycles: OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.1-6.4), binge drinking (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), having been breathalyzed before (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.7), and purpose of the trip (coming from a party: OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.0; leisure trip: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.32.4; driving after 8 p.m.: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.3) were independently associated with DUI. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that selected external environmental factors, such as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as personal characteristics like alcohol consumption and the relationship between drinking and driving were associated with positive BAC among Brazilian drivers. Results can help to inform drinking and driving policy and preventive approaches.
OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência de alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas e examinar fatores associados em um estudo transversal nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: 3.398 motoristas foram abordados em rodovias que atravessam todas as 27 capitais brasileiras nos horários entre 12:00 e 00:00 (sextas e sábados). Eles realizaram o teste do etilômetro e foram coletados dados sobre suas características de condução e consumo de álcool. Para avaliar os fatores associados, foi realizada uma regressão logística multivariável seguindo um quadro conceitual hierárquico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de alcoolemia positiva (> 0,1 mg/L) foi de 4,2%. A regressão logística múltipla mostrou que educação (até 8 anos de estudo: OR = 2,0; IC 95%: 1,4-3,0), idade (> 30 anos: OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,8), tipo de veículo (dirigir um carro: OR = 3,0; IC 95%: 1,7-5,1; conduzir uma motocicleta: OR = 3,7; IC 95%: 2,1-6,4), consumo excessivo de álcool (OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4), ter realizado o teste do etilômetro anteriormente (OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,7), e a finalidade da viagem (retorno de uma festa: OR = 1,9; IC 95%:1,3-3,0; viagem de lazer: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4; e estar dirigindo após as 20 horas: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,3) foram independentemente associados com o dirigir sob influência de álcool. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que fatores ambientais externos selecionados, tais como características socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como características pessoais, como o consumo de álcool e comportamento em relação a beber e dirigir, foram associados com alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas brasileiros. Os resultados podem ajudar a orientar políticas em relação a beber e dirigir e abordagens preventivas.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Alcoholic Intoxication/blood , Automobile Driving , Accidents, Traffic/trends , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of acid inhibitors in our hospital and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS:The consumption sum and DDDs of acid inhibitors in our hospital from 2005 to 2009 were statistically analyzed with the method of DDD analysis. RESULTS:Consumption sum of acid inhibitors in our hospital increased year by year,especially for proton pump inhibitor. Consumption sum of H2 receptor antagonist decreased year by year. Omeprazole and pantoprazole took up the top place of DDDs order. Rank ratio of pantoprazole had been kept at 1 for five years with sound synchrony. DUI of these drug were no more than 1,which meant rational drug use. CONCLUSION:The acid inhibitors in our hospital are applied rationally and safe and highly effective proton pump inhibitor is the best choice in the clinic.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the utilization of sedative hypnotics in outpatient prescriptions of our hospital. METHODS: In Mar. 2008, 1 317 prescriptions of sedative-hypnotics randomly selected from total 49 791 outpatient prescriptions were analyzed regarding the rationality of the utilization of top 5 drugs on the list of DDDs. RESULTS: The top 5 sedative hypnotics on the DDDs list were Alprazolam tablets, Estazolam tablets, Lorazepam, Zolpidem tablets (Stilnox) and Clonazepam tablets, and their DUIs were 0.54, 0.73, 0.19, 0.81 and 0.53, respectively. CONCLUSION: The dosages of sedative hypnotics in our hospital were basically reasonable and in conformity with the indications listed in package inserts.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utilization information of drug combination in tuberculosis control item in Shaoguan and the economics effect.METHODS:The defined daily dose(DDD)and drug utilization index(DUI)were taken as indexes for the evaluation of rational use of drugs,the utilization of chemotherapy drugs of the tuberculosis control item in Shaoguan urban field from1993to2003was analyzed;the cost-effectiveness of scheme B(tuberculosis control item chemotherapy)and scheme A(conventional chemotherapy)were analyzed.RESULTS:DUI for all of the drug combinations except B4were no more than1(DUI≤1),The cure rate(E 1 )and the effect rate(E 2 )for scheme B were96.5%and98.8%respectively;E 1 and E 2 in scheme A were65.7%and79.5%respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratio of scheme B was lower than that of scheme A.The cost-effectiveness ratio(C/E 1 )for the two schemes were8.59and25.31respectively if counted by cure rate and which(C/E 2 )were8.39and20.92respectively if counted by effect rate(E2).CONCLUSION:The utilization of tuberculosis control item drug combinations in Shaoguan city is comparatively reasonable and the economic effect is good.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate application of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 3 hospitals of Guang’an and find out the reason of unreasonable use of drug. METHODS: 120,000 prescriptions were randomly collected from inpatient and outpatient departments of 3 hospitals from Jan. 2005 to Jan. 2008, which included 20 000 pediatrics prescriptions. The DDDs and DUI of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The DUI of 10 kinds of antibiotics and 3 kinds of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were above 1, which indicated that drug abuse occurred. CONCLUSION: Physicians’ prescribing behavior lack medical rationality and the situation of drug feeding hospital is still critical in primary hospitals.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antimicrobials in hepatic disease inpatients. METHODS:In retrospective study,200 cases of hepatic disease in our hospital from Mar. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were randomly collected and utilization of antimicrobials was analyzed. RESULTS:136 inpatients treated with antimicrobials accounted for 68.00%. 76.47% were injected by intravenous. 35 cases were performed bacteria culture (25.74%). 7 categories (24 kinds) of antimicrobials were used. The DUI of top 10 antimicrobials in the list of DDD were below 1,which indicated drug use was basically appropriate. CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to application management of antimicrobials in patients with hepatic disease in our hospital to reduce irrational use of drug.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the postoperative use of anti-infectives inpatients undergoing liver transplantation and its rationality.METHODS:50 inpatients who had undergone liver transplantation were randomly collected from center of organ transplantation for the analysis of the use of anti-infective agents within 1 month after operation in respect of utilization frequency(cases/times),duration of medication,drug utilization index(DUI) as well the conformity between drug combination and etiology so as to derive the rationality of drug use.RESULTS:Among the top 10 anti-infectives in terms of utilization frequency in patients undergone liver transplantation,9 had their DUI less than 1,and 1 had its DUI above 1.The perioperative application rate of anti-infective agents was 100%.In terms of drug combination,2 cases(4%) used one kind of anti-infectives,17(34%) two kinds,21(42%) tree kinds,10(20%) four kinds concomitantly.CONCLUSION:The doses and the proportion of anti-infectives used in combination for inpatients undergoing liver transplantation were on the high side,which should be controlled urgently.
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1.CONCLUS-ION:The use of hypoglycemics in Guangzhou is basically in line with the rational level,except for few cases in improper use of combination therapies.