ABSTRACT
Registros productivos de 1.097 pesos de corderos al nacimiento (PN), 543 pesos de corderos al destete (PD) y 543 ganancias diarias de peso predestete (GDP) fueron analizados con el objetivo de comparar la eficiencia productiva predestete de tres razas Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) y dos cruces (PxD, PxK). Los registros productivos estudiados procedían de un rebaño localizado en Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México y correspondían al período enero 2001 y abril 2005. Las variables estudiadas fueron pesos de corderos al nacimiento, pesos de corderos al destete y ganancia diaria de peso predestete. El modelo final que describió el PN contempló los efectos fijos significativos de año (AN) de nacimiento (cinco clasificaciones, 2001 a 2005), grupo racial (P, D, K, PxD y PxK) dentro de año de nacimiento GR (AN), tipo de nacimiento (TN) único y doble, la interacción ANxTN, sexo del cordero (SX) hembra y macho, época climática de nacimiento (E) seca, lluvias y nortes. La edad al destete (EDEST) y PN se consideraron como variables continuas independientes en los análisis de PD y GDP predestete. Con excepción de E, todos los efectos principales afectaron (P<0,01) PN, PD y GDP. Época de nacimiento afectó (P<0,01) el PD. La interacción ANxTN afectó únicamente el PN (P<0,01). La eficiencia productiva predestete de Dorper y Katahdin fue mayor que la de los otros grupos raciales. El cruce PxD mostró un mayor PD (P<0,01) que la raza pura Pelibuey en los años 2001 y 2002. La GDP predestete fue mayor en este mismo grupo que el grupo P en el año 2001. La época de lluvias fue la peor, en términos de PD, con 15,4 kg. Los corderos de TN único y los de sexo macho tuvieron mejor eficiencia productiva que los corderos dobles y hembras. La edad al destete y el peso al nacimiento afectaron (P<0,01) el PD. Los coeficientes de regresión fueron de 0,023 ± 0,005 y 1,023 ± 0,315, respectivamente. Se concluye que bajo las condiciones del presente estudio, en el período...
Data from 1097 lambs birth weights (BW), 543 lambs weaning weights (WW) and 543 preweaning daily gain weight (DGW) were analyzed in order to compare preweaning performance of three breeds Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) and two crosses (PxD, PxK). The variables studied were from a sheep farm at Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México and were collected from January 2001 until April 2005. The traits included lambs birth weights, lambs weaning weights and preweaning daily gain weight. The final model which describes BW included the fixed effects of birth year (BY) (five classifications, 2001 to 2005), breed group (P, D, K, PxD and PxK) within the birth year BG(BY), birth type (BT) (single and twin), interaction BYxBT, lambs sex (female and male) (SX), birth season (S) (dry, rainfall and rainfall and winds). Weaning age (WA) and BW were as considered as a continuous independent variable. With the exception of S, all the main effects affected (P<0.01) BW, WW and DGW. The interaction BYxBT affected only BW (P<0.01). Lambs PxD showed higher WW (P<0.01) than Pelibuey bred in years 2001 and 2002. DGW was higher in this group than P group in year 2001. The rainfall season was the worst in WW, with 15.4 kg. Single lambs and male lambs had better performance than twin lambs and female lambs. Weaning age and birth weight affecting WW. Regression coefficients were 0.023 ± 0.005 and 1.023 ± 0.315, respectively. In conclusión that under the present conditions, in the preweaning period, the hybrid breed group seems to be less important than others factors (for example: the weaning age, birth season and birth weight) as determinants of the weight at weaning. The Dorper and Katahdin breeds offer a viable alternative, considering the weight of the lambs at weaning in order to include them in systems of production in a humid, hot climate, such as pure breds or a Dorper x Pelibuey crossbreed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Birth Weight , Growth , Weaning , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
O trabalho teve os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho em confinamento e as características da carcaça e da carne de novilhos inteiros dos grupos genéticos ½ Pardo Suíço + ½ Canchim (1B1C), ½ Purunã + ½ Canchim (1P1C) e ¾ Purunã + » Canchim (3P1C). Foram utilizados 23 novilhos inteiros com idade média de 22 meses, que permaneceram confinados por 145 dias. O aumento da proporção de genes Purunã na composição racial dos animais de 50 por cento para 75 por cento no cruzamento com Canchim resultou em incrementos de peso no abate (PA) e de ganho de peso (GMD) de 10,6 e, 12,1 por cento, respectivamente. Os animais 1B1C apresentaram PA e GMD semelhantes aos animais 3P1C e superiores aos animais 1P1C. O consumo de matéria seca (MS) e o GMD não diferiram entre animais dos grupos 1B1C e 3P1C, ambos apresentando consumo e GMD superiores aos dos animais 1P1C (8,87; 7,97 e 7,02kg de MS animal-1 dia-1, e, 1,62; 1,41 e 1,58kg animal-1 dia-1, respectivamente). Animais 1B1C e 3P1C apresentaram carcaças 12,1 por cento mais pesadas que os animais 1P1C. A conformação da carcaça dos animais 1B1C foi superior (15,0 pontos) em relação aos 1P1C e 3P1C (13,2 e 13,6 pontos, respectivamente). Animais 1B1C e 3P1C demonstraram valores similares para marmoreio da carne (7,5 e 6,6 pontos, respectivamente), e superiores em relação ao 1P1C (4,8 pontos). A produção de animais F1 Pardo Suíço x Canchin é mais interessante ao produtor, devido à maior velocidade de ganho de peso e maior peso de carcaça, ao frigorífico, por obter carcaças de melhor conformação e grau de acabamento, e ao consumidor, por apresentar maior grau de marmorização da carne e textura mais fina.
The research had the objectives of evaluating feedlot performance as well as carcass and meat traits of 23 young bulls from three genetic groups: ½ Braunvieh + ½ Canchim (1B1C), ½ Purunã + ½ Canchim (1P1C) and ¾ Purunã + » Canchim (3P1C). The experimental animals were 22 months old, on average, at the beginning and remained in total confinement during 145 days. The increase in the proportion of Purunã gens, from 50 percent to 75 percent, in the cross with Canchim, brought about increment of slaughter weight (SW) and weight gain (GW) of 10.6 and, 12.1 percent, respectively. Animals 1B1C were superior to the 1P1c animals and similar to the 3P1C ones with respect to SW and GW. Likewise, the feed intake and GW were similar between animals of the1B1C and 3P1C, both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C animals. (8.87, 7.97 and 7.02kg animal-1 day-1; and, 1.62, 1.41 and 1.58kg animal-1 day-1, respectively). The 1B1C and 3P1C animals produced carcasses weighing 12.1 percent more than those of the 1P1C animals. Better carcass conformation scores were observed for the 1B1C animals in comparison to those from the1P1C and 3P1C ones. The group averages for this trait were 15.0 points versus 13.2 and 13.6 points, respectively. The 1B1C and 3P1C groups had similar averages for marbling score of the meat (7.5 and 6.6 points, respectively), both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C group that had an average marbling score of 4.8 points. The production of F1 Braunvieh x Canchim animals is advantageous for the entire beef cattle production chain. The producer benefits because these animals yield heavier carcass weight; the slaughter plants also gain with the better carcass conformation and degree of finish; and, finally, the consumer because the meat of these animals has better marbling and texture scores.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Diet/veterinary , Meat , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Feed , Subcutaneous Fat , Weight GainABSTRACT
La edad al primer servicio (EPS) en las novillas es un importante parámetro de eficiencia reproductiva; no obstante, existe escasa información en ganaderías doble propósito (DP). La EPS y sus principales factores de riesgo fueron analizados utilizando 19.533 datos obtenidos de 47 rebaños mestizos DP en las 4 principales zonas productivas del estado Zulia, Venezuela (9,0-11,5° LN, 28-32°C). Las variables de riesgo evaluadas fueron: sistemas de producción: Mejorado, SM y Tradicional, ST; zona geográfica: El Laberinto, Perijá, Costa Oriental, Sur del Lago; predominio racial: Holstein, Pardo Suizo, Brahman y Carora y épocas: seca y lluviosa. Variables independientes como los pesos al nacimiento, destete y servicio y la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) se consideraron puntos críticos de control. Los datos de EPS se analizaron mediante varianza-covarianza utilizando el procedimiento GLM y comparaciones de medias a través de contrastes ortogonales (LSMEANS) del paquete estadístico SAS®. EPS promedió 31,5±6,1 meses, siendo más temprana en rebaños bajo SM que ST (28,1±0,1 vs 32,7±0,1m; P<0,001), más elevada en la Costa Oriental que en El Laberinto (36,7±0,1 vs 27,6±0,2m; P<0,001) y menor en mestizas Brahman (30,6±0,1m; P<0,001) que en los demás tipos raciales. EPS fue mayor (P<0,001) en novillas nacidas (32,1±0,1m) y destetadas (30,6±0,4m) en época seca (enero-marzo) y en las servidas (32,4±0,2m) en época lluviosa (octubre y diciembre), demostrando el efecto de la variación estacional de la alimentación en pastoreo. El 68% de becerras pesó <32 kg al nacimiento pero no afectó EPS. Para destete <6 ó >10 meses, EPS varió significativamente: 26,2±1,1 vs 31,4±0,3m, respectivamente (P<0,001). Novillas con GDP <350g/d mostraron elevadas EPS, sin embargo, novillas con GDP >350g/d tuvieron menores EPS entre nacimiento-destete (24,9±0,4m) y destete-servicio (23,9±0,9m). GDP se consideró el principal punto de control de EPS; los factores de riesgo que disminuyen ...
The age at first breeding (EPS) in heifers is an important parameter of reproductive efficiency; however information in dual purpose cattle (DP) is limited. The EPS and its principal risk factors were analyzed using 19.533 dates from 47 crossbred herds located in the four principal livestock zones of the Zulia State, Venezuela (9.0-11.5° NL; 28-32°C). The risks variables evaluated were: management systems: improved (SM) and traditional (ST); geographic zone: El Laberinto, Perijá, Costa Oriental and Sur del Lago; breed predominance: Holstein, Pardo Suizo, Brahman and Carora and seasons: dry and rainy season. Weights at birth, weaning and, service and daily gain weight (GDP) were considered as critical control points. The EPS data was analyzed by an analysis of variance-covariance ANOVA using the procedure GLM and the differences between means by LSMEANS of the SAS® software. EPS averaged 31.5±6.1m and was early in herds under SM than ST (28.1±0.1m vs 32.7±0.1m; P<0.001), higher in Costa Oriental than El Laberinto (36.7±0.1 vs 27.6±0.2m; P<0.001), and lowest in Brahman crossbred (30.6±0.1m) than in any other breed (P<0.001). EPS was higher in heifers born (32.1±0.1m) and weaned (30.6±0.4m) during the dry season (January-March) and breed during the rainy season (October-December) (32.4±0.2m; P<0.001), demonstrating the effect of the season in the quality of pastures. Birth weight in 68% of the female calf was < 32 kg, but it do not affect EPS. When weaning age was < 6 or > 10m, EPS was different (26.2±1.1 vs 31.4±0.3m; P<0.001). Heifers with GDP <150g/d showed higher EPS, however, when GDP >350g/d from birth-weaning and weaning-service, EPS was lower (24.9±0.4 and 23.9±0.9m, respectively). GDP were considered the principal control point of the EPS and, the risks that affected GDP will extend EPS. High EPS will delay first calving, start of lactation, genetic improvement and reproductive efficiency.