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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(7): 2003-2014, jul. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447852

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da multimorbidade e seus padrões nas atividades básicas de vida diária da pessoa idosa residente na comunidade. Trata-se de estudo de coorte com dados provenientes do Estudo FIBRA, linha de base (2008-2009) e seguimento (2016-2017). As atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) foram avaliadas pelo questionário de Katz e as doenças crônicas foram classificadas como (1) multimorbidade e padrões de multimorbidade: (2) cardiopulmonar; (3) vascular-metabólico; e (4) mental-musculoesquelético. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson. Foram analisados 861 indivíduos sem limitação para ABVD na linha de base. As pessoas idosas com multimorbidade (RR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,19-2,10) e classificados nos padrões cardiopulmonar (RR = 2,43; IC95%: 1,77-3,33), vascular-metabólico (RR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,19-1,89) e mental-musculoesquelético (RR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,03-1,65) tiveram maior risco de apresentar declínio funcional nas ABVD no seguimento em comparação aos que não tinham os mesmos padrões de doenças. A multimorbidade e seus padrões aumentaram o risco de incapacidade na pessoa idosa ao longo de nove anos.


Abstract The scope of this article was to evaluate the influence of multimorbidity and associated effects on the activities in the day-to-day lives of community-dwelling elderly individuals. It involved a cohort study with data from the FIBRA Study, the baseline (2008-2009) and follow-up (2016-2017). The basic activities in daily living (ADL) were evaluated using Katz's index, and the chronic diseases were classified as: (1) multimorbidity and multimorbidity patterns; (2) cardiopulmonary; (3) vascular-metabolic; and (4) mental-musculoskeletal. The chi-square test and Poisson regression data were used for analysis. A total of 861 older adults with no functional dependency at baseline were analyzed. Elderly individuals with multimorbidity (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.19-2.10) and classified according to cardiopulmonary (RR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.77-3.33), vascular-metabolic (RR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.19-1.89) and mental-musculoskeletal (RR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.03-1.65) had a higher risk of presenting functional decline in ADL in the follow-up compared to those who didn't have the same disease patterns. Multimorbidity and its patterns increased the risk of functional disability in older adults over the nine-year period.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218350

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The maxillofacial region serves many essential functions of human body. Maxillofacial traumatic injury (MFTI) or sometimes called as facial trauma is the injury to the face, jaws and related structures such as head. Hard tissue / soft tissue injury may range from simple nasal bone fracture to gross facial comminution. The complex maxillofacial trauma has the potential to cause facial disfigurement and difficulty in jaw movement. This study focused on relationship between existing scoring systems as the clinical assessment for MFTI, as a tool for predicting prognosis, morbidity, social and psychological impact. Materials and Method: Data collection included demographics, etiology, MFTI clinical parameters, treatment and psychosocial loss. Data was obtained from the medical records, patient interview at each hospital visit and telephonic interviews as required. A predefined question was prepared containing closed and open ended questions and published scales. Results and conclusion: Mandibular fractures were observed in 69% MFTI cases of which 50% were mandibular only fractures. Need for holistic treatment and management approach was observed. Existing widely used FISS score was found to be predictor for few of the parameters only. Other factors required for holistic treatment approach and planning not predictable by FISS score have also been identified.

3.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 15(4): 755-761, Out.-Dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-974902

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva, com objetivo de compreender os limites do quotidiano para a Promoção da Saúde dos trabalhadores. Participaram da pesquisa 18 trabalhadores de um Centro de Saúde no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada, durante os meses de abril e maio de 2014, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo como questão norteadora: "Quais os limites do quotidiano para a promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores que atuam na Atenção Básica?" A análise dos dados foi feita à luz das noções e dos Pressupostos Teóricos e da Sensibilidade de Michel Maffesoli. Como resultado, encontramos algumas dimensões que expressam os limites do quotidiano em seu contexto geral de vida, envolvendo a falta e o excesso. Falta ter tempo e saber administrar o tempo; falta de companheirismo; falta fazer mais exercício e ter mais lazer. Dentre os excessos identificamos: excesso de tarefas diárias; trânsito; trabalho com carga horária excessiva; preguiça; gula. Enfatizamos a importância das reflexões e ações voltadas para a Promoção da Saúde do trabalhador em seu quotidiano, considerando-se no cuidado os limites como possibilidades a serem transfigurados pela potência do ser humano, contribuindo para a criação de ambientes saudáveis.


RESUMEN Es un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo, con el objetivo de comprender los límites de la vida cotidiana para la Promoción de la Salud de los trabajadores. Los participantes fueron 18 trabajadores dn un Centro de Salud en el sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2014, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con la pregunta guía: "¿Cuáles son los límites de la vida cotidiana para promover la salud de los trabajadores que trabajan en la Atención Primaria" Análisis de los datos se hizo a la luz de los conceptos y Supuestos Teóricos y de la Sensibilidad de Michel Maffesoli. Como resultado, hemos encontrado algunas dimensiones que expresan los límites diarios en su contexto general de la vida, que implicam la falta y el exceso. Falta de tiempo y saber cómo administrar el tiempo; falta de compañía; falta de más ejercicio y tener más tiempo libre. Entre los excesos identificados: el exceso de tareas diarias; tránsito; trabajar con excesiva carga de trabajo; la pereza; gula. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de las reflexiones y acciones hacia la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores en su vida diaria, teniendo en cuenta el cuidado de los límites como las posibilidades de ser transfigurados por el poder del ser humano, lo que contribuye a la creación de ambientes saludables.


ABSTRACT This is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory rsearch, aiming to understand the limits of everyday life for the Health Promotion of workers. The participants were 18 workers at a health center in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred conducted during the months of April and May 2014, through semi-structured interviews, with the guiding question: "What are the limits of everyday life to promote the health of workers who work in primary care?" Analysis data was made in the light of the Sensitvity and Theoretecial Concepts of Michel Maffesoli. As a result, we found some dimensions that express the daily limits in its general context of life, involving the lack and excess. Lack of time and knowledge on how to manage time; lack of companionship; lack of more exercise and leisure. Among the excesses identified: excessive daily tasks; traffic; work with excessive workload; laziness; greediness. We emphasize the importance of reflections and actions towards Health Promotion of workers in their daily lives, considering, during the care, the limits as possibilities for the power of human beings to transfigure, contributing to create healthy environments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Activities of Daily Living , Health Promotion , Quality of Life , Occupational Health
4.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 21(3): 237-243, July-Sept. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761650

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a rehabilitation program using virtual reality (VR) in addition to conventional therapy for improvement of balance (BERG scale) and functional independence (FIM scale) in chronic stroke patients. Ten individuals, mean age of 51.4 (± 6.7 years), participated of eight 60-minute sessions comprising kinesiotherapy (15min), Nintendo Wii (30min) and Learning transfer (15min) exercises. After training, nonparametric statistical analysis showed significant improvement in total FIM (p= .01) and BERG scores (p= .00), and in some of their subitems: FIM - dressing lower body (p= .01), transfer to bathtub/shower (p= .02) and locomotion: stairs (p= .03); BERG - reaching forward with outstretched arm (p= .01), retrieving object from the floor (p= .04), turning 360º (p= .01), placing alternate foot on step (p≤ .01), standing with one foot in front (p= .01), and one leg stand (p= .03). These findings suggest a positive influence of virtual reality exercises adjunct to conventional therapy on rehabilitation of balance and functionality post stroke, and indicate the feasibility of the proposed VR-based rehabilitation program.


Este estudo objetivou investigar o efeito de um programa de reabilitação utilizando adição de Realidade Virtual (RV) à terapia convencional para melhora do equilíbrio (Escala de BERG) e independência funcional (escala MIF) de pacientes com AVC crônico. Dez indivíduos, idade média de 51,4 (± 6,7 anos), participaram de oito sessões de 60 minutos incluindo exercícios de cinesioterapia (15min), Nintendo Wii (30min) e transferência de aprendizagem (15min). Após o treinamento, análise estatística não paramétrica mostrou evolução significativa nos scores totais das escalas MIF (p= 0,01) e BERG (p= 0,00), e em alguns de seus subitens: MIF - vestir membros inferiores (p= 0,01), transferência para o chuveiro (p= 0,02) e locomoção: escadas (p= 0,03); BERG - alcance de braço (p= 0,01), coletar objeto no chão (p= 0,04), girar 360º (p= 0,01), pé degrau alternado (p ≤ 0,01), pé à frente (p= 0,01), e apoio unipodal (p= 0,03). Estes achados sugerem uma influência positiva de exercícios com realidade virtual adjuntos à terapia convencional na reabilitação do equilíbrio e funcionalidade pós AVC, e indicam a viabilidade do programa de reabilitação baseado em RV conforme proposto.


El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación combinado de Realidad Virtual (RV) con terapia convencional en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular crónico para la mejora del equilibrio (escala de BERG) y la independencia funcional (escala MIF). 10 sujetos, con una edad media de 51,4 (± 6,7 años), participaron en ocho sesiones rehabilitación de 60 minutos. Las sesiones incluyeron ejercicios de kinesioterapia (15min), Nintendo Wii (30min) y transferencia del aprendizaje (15min). Tras el entrenamiento, el análisis estadístico con test no paramétricos confirma una evolución significativa en las puntuaciones totales en las escalas MIF (p= 0,01) y BERG (p= 0,00) y en alguno apartados de las escalas: MIF - vestido de los miembros inferiores (p= 0,01), uso de la ducha (p= 0,02) y locomoción: escaleras (p= 0,03); BERG - alcance del brazo (p= 0,01), recuperar un objeto del suelo (p= 0,04), girar 360º (p= 0,01), pies en escalones alternos (p≤ 0,01), pie al frente (p= 0,01) y apoyo unipodal (p= 0,03). Estos resultados sugieren una influencia positiva de la VR como complemento a la terapia convencional en la rehabilitación del equilibrio y capacidad funcional tras un accidente cerebrovascular y confirman la viabilidad del programa combinado de rehabilitación propuesto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Stroke/rehabilitation , Postural Balance , Rehabilitation/methods , User-Computer Interface , Video Games
5.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 24(1): 263-269, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: lil-744813

ABSTRACT

This is a qualitative study based on the Comprehensive Sociology. Aimed to understand the daily life of women with a history of domestic violence who had an abortion. We conducted in-depth interviews with ten women who were admitted to the hospital for abortion and reported experiencing domestic violence. Mostly characterized by being black, low education, between 18 and 40 years. The process of organizing and analyzing the data was based on the notions of Comprehensive Sociology and theoretical sensitivity. The daily life of women who had an abortion is marked by the experience of domestic violence as a child and teenager, expressed by abandonment and rejection, and also by domestic violence. The early sexual activity is related to the unplanned pregnancy and lack of support from family and partner. It is necessary a professional look for recognition of domestic violence as a health condition of women.


Investigación cualitativa dirigida a comprender la vida cotidiana de las mujeres con un historial de violencia doméstica que tuvo un aborto. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con diez mujeres que fueron ingresados en el hospital por el aborto y reportaron haber experimentado violencia doméstica. En la mayor parte, se caracterizan por ser negras, de bajo nivel educativo y con edad entre 18 y 40 años. El proceso de organización y análisis de los datos fueron basados en las nociones de la Sociología Comprensiva y la sensibilidad teórica. La vida de las mujeres que tuvieron un aborto está marcada por la experiencia de la violencia doméstica cuando niña y adolescente, expresado por el abandono y el rechazo, y también por la violencia doméstica. La actividad sexual temprana está relacionada con el embarazo no deseado y la falta de apoyo de la familia y de la pareja. Es necesaria una visión profesional para el reconocimiento de la violencia doméstica como un problema de salud de la mujer.


Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com base na Sociologia Compreensiva. Teve como objetivo compreender o cotidiano de mulheres com história de violência doméstica que provocaram aborto. Realizou-se entrevista em profundidade com dez mulheres que estavam internadas na maternidade por aborto provocado e declararam vivência de violência doméstica. Na sua maioria, caracterizavam-se por serem negras, com baixa escolaridade, entre 18 e 40 anos. O processo de organização e análise dos dados baseou-se nas noções da Sociologia Compreensiva e nos pressupostos teóricos da sensibilidade. O cotidiano das mulheres que provocaram aborto é marcado pela vivência de violência doméstica, quando criança e adolescente, expressa pelo abandono e rejeição, e também pela violência conjugal. A atividade sexual precoce guarda relação com a gravidez não planejada e a falta de apoio dos familiares e companheiro. Necessário se faz um olhar profissional para reconhecimento da violência doméstica como agravo à saúde das mulheres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Violence , Activities of Daily Living , Sexuality , Abortion
6.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 20(4): 581-590, out.-dez. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736182

ABSTRACT

Este estudo trata sobre percepções de professores e de alunos com deficiência visual (DV) na Escola de Tempo Integral (ETI) do Estado de São Paulo, e as atividades de vida autônoma (AVA) contextualizadas na inclusão educacional. Estes alunos requererem atenção às suas necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) para a aquisição de conhecimentos e o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades autônomas em sua escolarização. Objetivou-se conhecer as percepções dos professores para com a sua ação docente e à prática das AVA na ETI pelo aluno com DV. Realizaram-se 12 entrevistas com professores do ensino comum. A análise de conteúdo identificou atendimento às suas NEE; as experiências inclusivas dos professores da ETI. Os dados coletados refletiram os processos das ações pedagógicas inclusivas, sobre o atendimento educacional especializado e a formação integral do aluno com DV. Evidenciou-se o desenvolvimento das AVA como fonte de saberes; o despreparo docente em relação às especificidades desse aluno; e, a educação especial desvinculada do ensino comum. Conclui-se ser necessário redimensionar o ensino comum e a prática das AVA, para que não sejam objetos de resistência dos envolvidos, e para que, estas, qualifiquem este ensino e favoreçam a escolarização e o protagonismo dos alunos com DV na ETI.


This study addresses perspectives of teachers and students with visual impairments (VI) at the Full-time School (ETI) in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) regarding daily living activities (DLA) within the context of educational inclusion. These students require attention to their special educational needs in order to acquire knowledge and to develop competencies and autonomous abilities in their schooling process. The aim of the study was to understand teacher perceptions regarding DLA practice at ETI for students with VI. Twelve semi-structured interviews with regular school teachers were carried out. Content analysis revealed that the special educational needs were being met and that ETI provided for inclusive experiences for teachers. The data that was collected revealed the processes of inclusive pedagogical practices related to specialized educational services and the broad preparation of students with VI. The study showed that DLA can be a source of understanding, that teachers are often unprepared regarding the specific needs of these students; and special education is disconnected from regular teaching. In conclusion, regular teaching requires adjustments in teaching and practicing DLA so that such activities not be the focus of resistance for those involved, contributing to improving teaching and enabling schooling and empowerment of students with VI at ETI.

7.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(3): 244-251, set. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734436

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el estatus funcional (EF) y calidad de vida (CV) posterior al alta de terapia intensiva (UTI) en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva (VM) y compararla con la población de referencia. Diseño: Cohorte prospectivo. Ámbito: UTI Sanatorio Anchorena, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pacientes: Aquellos ingresados a UTI entre septiembre 2008 y abril 2009 con más de 24 hs de VM. Intervenciones: A los 4 meses y al año se evaluó telefónicamente la CVa través del cuestionario EQ-5D y el EF con el índice de Barthel que evalúa actividades de la vida diaria (AVD). Resultados: 77 pacientes recibieron VM, 41 mujeres (53%), mediana de edad 65 años [IC25-75% 55-77)], SAPSII 41 [28-52], días de VM 4 [2-8]. 47 pacientes sobrevivieron a la internación y fueron evaluados, 40 (85.1%) a los 4 meses y 34 (72.3%) al año. El EQ-5D a los 4 meses (mediana 0.693 IC25-75% 0.182-0.982) y al año (mediana 0.841 IC25-75% 0.493-1), se diferenciaron significativamente de la población argentina (p = 0.0004 y 0.024 respectivamente). A los 4 meses, la mitad de los pacientes presentaban dificultades en todos los dominios del EQ-5D y el 57% eran dependientes en las AVD. Al año, el 54% de los pacientes no había regresado a sus actividades previas y padecían ansiedad/depresión mientras que el 45% aún eran dependientes en las AVD. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias de la internación en UTI por una enfermedad aguda están presentes a los 4 meses y al año del alta, determinando una población con una CV significativamente menor a la no expuesta y un EF deteriorado.


Objective: To study functional status (FS) and quality of life (QoL) after discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) in patients who had > 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (MV) and to compare them with reference Argentine population. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: ICU at Sanatorio Anchorena, Buenos Aires , Argentina. Patients: All patients admitted to the ICU between September 2008 and April 2009 with more than 24 hours of MV. Procedures: QoL was assessed by EQ-5D and FS was evaluated through Barthel index [evaluation of daily life activities (DLA)] by telephone at 4 months and 1 year after discharge from ICU. Results: 77 patients required MV, 41 females (53%), median age 65 years (IQR 55-77), SAPSII 41 (28-52), days of MV 4 (2-8). 47 patients survived after hospitalization, 40 (85.1%) at 4 months and 34 (72.3%) one year later. The EQ-5D at 4 months (median 0.693 IQR0.182-0.982) and at 1 year (median 0.841 IQR0.493-1) of follow up were significantly lower compared with general Argentine population (p = 0.0004 and 0.024 respectively). At 4 months, half of the patients had problems in all dimensions of the Euroqol and 57% were dependent on DLA. At 1 year, 54% could not return to their previous activities, suffered from anxiety/depression and 45% were dependent on DLA. Conclusions: Effects of critical illness and ICU stay are present at 4 months and 1 year after discharge. Survivors suffer a lower quality of life and functional status than general population.


Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Respiration, Artificial , Critical Care
8.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 30(1): 65-75, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: lil-797645

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre as vivências no exercício da prática profissional da enfermeira e as formas de enfrentamentos para as exigências institucionais, no quotidiano da enfermagem em hospitais privados na cidade de Salvador. Objetiva refletir sobre a prática profissional de enfermeiras frente às mudanças ocorridas no cenário hospitalar nos últimos tempos. Neste, as autoras refletem pela vertente pós-moderna, à luz de Michel Maffesoli, sobre o quotidiano das enfermeiras, as relações de socialidade nas relações profissionais e sobre as formas de sobrevivência no ambiente de trabalho e fora dele, diante de determinadas condições desfavoráveis impostas pelas organizações. Percebe-se, nesta análise, que o trabalho da enfermeira precisa ser negociado nos ambientes de trabalho, a partir da análise compreensiva das relações orgânicas, necessárias à humanização dos serviços e à qualidade de vida dos profissionais(AU)


Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre las vivencias en el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de la enfermera y las formas de enfrentamientos para las exigencias institucionales, en lo cotidiano de la enfermería en hospitales particulares en la ciudad de Salvador de Bahía. Tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la práctica profesional de la enfermera y los cambios que acontecieron en el contexto hospitalario en los últimos tiempos. En él, las autoras tienen en cuenta la vertiente postmoderna, a la luz de Michel Mafessoli, sobre lo cotidiano de la(o)s enfermera(o)s, las relaciones de sociabilidad en las relaciones profesionales y sobre las formas de supervivencia en el ambiente laboral y fuera de él, ante determinadas condiciones desfavorables impuestas por las instituciones. Se observa, en este análisis, que la labor de la enfermera necesita ser negociada en los ambientes de trabajo, a partir del análisis comprensivo de las relaciones orgánicas, necesarias a la humanización de los servicios y a la calidad de vida de los profesionales(AU)


This article presents reflections on the daily experiences in the course of professional practice of nurses and ways of coping with institutional requirements, in private hospitals in the city of Salvador. The objective of the article is to reflect about the professional practice of nurses, as well as recent changes that have occurred in the hospital setting. In this manner, the authors reflect on the postmodern aspect of Michel Maffesoli, regarding the daily life of nurses, social and work relations and survival mechanisms, both in and out of the workplace, when faced with certain unfavorable conditions imposed upon by the institution. This analysis demonstrates that the professional necessities of nurses must be negotiated in the workplace, including comprehensive analysis of organic relations, which is necessary for the humanization of services and quality of life for professionals(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice , Working Conditions/methods , Quality of Life , Activities of Daily Living , Nursing Care/methods
9.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 41(6): 138-141, 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735745

ABSTRACT

BaACKGROUND. There are several parameters that must be included in the evaluation psychosocial rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES. To describe and correlate the degree of stress of family members who live with schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients, their satisfaction with mental health services and the level of daily living skills of the patient. METHOD. Cross-sectional and correlational study, from 2012 to 2013, with a sample of 100 caregivers. The Family Satisfaction with Mental Health Services Rating Scale (SATIS-BR), the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS-BR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.21, with the Mann-Whitney test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, and Pearson's, Spearman's and Partial correlations, and a significance level α = 0.05. RESULTS. The score for the SATIS-BR scale was 4.28, 1.59 for the ILSS, and 7.39 for the GHQ-12. The value of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the SATIS-BR and ILSS was r = -0.27, and r = -0.23 between the GHQ-12 and SATIS-BR. The Spearman's correlation coefficient between Education and the GHQ-12 was r = -0.24 and there was a negative linear trend between stress and the level of education (JT = -2.54, p < 0:01). DISCUSSION. The caregivers presented a very high level of psychological distress, therefore, it is critical that mental health services perform more effective psychosocial rehabilitation actions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Mental Health , Treatment Outcome , Schizophrenia , Bipolar Disorder , Patient Satisfaction
10.
The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine ; : 227-237, 2007.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-372976

ABSTRACT

In recent times, an ingestible capsule sensor for the measurement of core body temperature has become available. This equipment was used to measure the relationship between core body temperature and daily living activities such as eating, exercise and bathing etc.<br>The main findings were as followings:<br>1. With respect to daily living activities, the core body temperature during bathing showed higher values in comparison with eating and light-grade exercise etc.<br>2. For the same-grade of exercise (HRmax60%) either in an environmentally controlled room at either constant temperature (25°C) and humidity (50%) or in water (36°C; 50%humidity), the core body temperature showed almost identical changes for peak value and the rise and fall ever time.<br>3. Atypical work at midnight was associated with a continuous decrease in core body temperature.<br>4. Atypical sleep in the daytime was associated with a continuous decrease in core body temperature.<br>5. For daily living activities inducing an increase in core body temperature, the correlation coefficient between core body temperature and heart beats/min was 0.87 (p<0.01).

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