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Objective To study the influence of daily air temperature on daily chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality in residents in Ningbo. Methods A time-series analysis using distributional lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to estimate the attributable numbers and fraction of average air temperature on the daily COPD mortality in Ningbo from 2011 to 2016, by controlling the long-term time trend, day of week, air pollutants and other weather variables. Results A reverse J-shape relationship was found between the average air temperature and COPD mortality, and the minimum-mortality temperature (MMT) was 25.5℃. The relative risks of extreme low and extreme high air temperature over lag 0-14 d were 2.767 (95%CI: 1.950-3.928) and 1.197 (95%CI:1.021-1.404). In total, 31.62%(95%CI:23.05%-38.89%) of COPD mortality (4963 cases, 95%CI: 3469-6027) was attributable to non-MMT exposure, More attributable deaths were due to low air temperature, with a fraction of 30.41%corresponding to 4772 deaths, compared with 1.22%and 192 deaths due to high air temperature. Low air temperature and high temperature were more likely to influence the mortality in females and those aged ≥65 years, but the influence was not significant in people aged <65 years. Conclusion Both high and low air temperature were associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in residents in Ningbo, especially during cold season, related measures on disease prevention should be taken to protect vulnerable population to reduce the risk of COPD mortality.
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Objective To study the influence of daily air temperature on daily chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality in residents in Ningbo. Methods A time-series analysis using distributional lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to estimate the attributable numbers and fraction of average air temperature on the daily COPD mortality in Ningbo from 2011 to 2016, by controlling the long-term time trend, day of week, air pollutants and other weather variables. Results A reverse J-shape relationship was found between the average air temperature and COPD mortality, and the minimum-mortality temperature (MMT) was 25.5℃. The relative risks of extreme low and extreme high air temperature over lag 0-14 d were 2.767 (95%CI: 1.950-3.928) and 1.197 (95%CI:1.021-1.404). In total, 31.62%(95%CI:23.05%-38.89%) of COPD mortality (4963 cases, 95%CI: 3469-6027) was attributable to non-MMT exposure, More attributable deaths were due to low air temperature, with a fraction of 30.41%corresponding to 4772 deaths, compared with 1.22%and 192 deaths due to high air temperature. Low air temperature and high temperature were more likely to influence the mortality in females and those aged ≥65 years, but the influence was not significant in people aged <65 years. Conclusion Both high and low air temperature were associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in residents in Ningbo, especially during cold season, related measures on disease prevention should be taken to protect vulnerable population to reduce the risk of COPD mortality.
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Background & objectives: In Egypt, Phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In nature, P. papatasi feeds on blood from different hosts and sucrose (other sugars) mainly from fig fruits. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of three food regimes on the life table parameters of females mainly the life expectancy as a factor determining the fly’s capability for Leishmania transmission. Methods: Females maintained on different diets (30% sucrose solution, Guinea pig blood and sucrose followed by blood) under laboratory conditions were observed for offspring emergence to examine the survival period expressed as the median emergence time (E50) and female fecundity (females/female). Life table was constructed including the mean life expectancy at emergence (e0) as a measure of longevity and the mortality rate per day (qx). Results: Females fed on sucrose-blood has the highest fecundity and the shortest E50 compared to those fed on other diets. The mean life expectancy at emergence (e0) differed significantly with the highest value being for females fed on sucrose. Interpretation & conclusion: The calculated expectancies for female life beyond the infective age (8 days) indicated that more flies would survive to become infective when fed on sucrose-blood meals than those offered blood alone which increases its capability for Leishmania transmission.
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Objective To understand the effects of heat wave on daily mortality of residents in a coastal city in China.Methods In this paper,semi-parametric generalized additive model was used to study the relationship between average daily temperature and the daily mortality of local residents,and every day lag on the impact of daily mortality was observed by the distributed lag model,2005 -2007.Results The relation between the coastal city daily mortality and the daily average temperature was fitted,2005-2007.The relation between them was approximately "V".In summer,the daily average temperature increased 1℃,the relative risk factor increased 0.036.In the establishment of the semi-parametric generalized additive regression model,the daily average temperature and daily mortality showed a significant linear relationship(P
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Objectives To study the impacts of air temperature and the other weather factors on the daily mortality of the residents in cities for targeting the preventive measures to decrease the excess mortality induced by climate change.Methods The daily mortality and weather surveillance data were provided by Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China Meteorological Bureau respectively.The correlation between the weather factors(temperature,humidity,air pressure,rainfall,wind speed) and the daily mortality of residents in a county of Chongqing were analyzed by using the Poisson GAM of time series(increased by 1℃ for air temperate,decreased by 1% for relative humidity and one unit for air pollution index) adjusting for the secular trend,seasonal trend,short-term fluctuation and day of week.Results The excess mortality increased to 12% as the temperature increased 1℃.The excess mortality increased to 4% and 0.6% respectively as the relative humidity decreased 1% and the air pollution index increased one unit.Conclusion High temperature,with humidity and air pollution,will cause increased excess mortality of residents in this county
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OBJECTIVES: To reexamine the association between air pollution and daily mortality in Seoul, Korea using a method of meta-analysis with the data filed for 1991 through 1995. METHODS: A separate Poisson regression analysis on each district within the metropolitan area of Seoul was conducted to regress daily death counts on levels of each ambient air pollutant, such as total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), controlling for variability in the weather condition. We calculated a weighted mean as a meta-analysis summary of the estimates and its standard error. RESULTS: We found that the p value from each pollutant model to test the homogeneity assumption was small (p<0.01) because of the large disparity among district-specific estimates. Therefore, all results reported here were estimated from the random effect model. Using the weighted mean that we calculated, the mortality at a 100 microgram/m3 increment in a 3-day moving average of TSP levels was 1.034 (95% CI 1.009-1.059). The mortality was estimated to increase 6% (95% CI 3-10%) and 3% (95% CI 0-6%) with each 50 ppb increase for 3-day moving average of SO2 and 1-hr maximum O3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Like most of air pollution epidemiologic studies, this meta-analysis cannot avoid fleeing from measurement misclassification since no personal measurement was taken. However, we can expect that a measurement bias be reduced in a district-specific estimate since a monitoring station is better representative of air quality of the matched district. The similar results to those from the previous studies indicated existence of health effect of air pollution at current levels in many industrialized countries, including Korea.
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Humans , Air Pollution , Bias , Developed Countries , Epidemiologic Methods , Epidemiologic Studies , Korea , Mortality , Ozone , Seoul , Sulfur Dioxide , Weather , Information Storage and RetrievalABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the association between air pollution and daily cardiovascular mortality in Beijing. Methods The daily death data, the meteorological data and the air pollution data from January 1 to December 31, 2003 were collected, the time-series analysis by generalized additive model was used, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity). Results An increase of 10 ?g/m3 of SO2, NO2 and PM10 corresponded to 0.4%(0.1%-0.8%), 1.3%(0.2%-2.4%)and 0.4%(0.2%-0.6%)increase of cardiovascular mortality respectively in Beijing. Conclusion The results of the present paper show that the current level of air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in Beijing.
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Objective To assess the relationship between acute exposure to gaseous air pollutants (SO2, NO2) and daily mortality in Shanghai. Methods Semi-parametric generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between SO2/NO2 concentrations and daily death numbers from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004 in the urban area of Shanghai after adjustment for the long-term trend of death, weather conditions, and "days of the week" effect. Results An increase of 10 ?g/m3 of SO2 could increase the total mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and respiratory disease mortality by 1.25%(95%CI: 0.85%-1.65%), 1.45%(95%CI: 0.86%-2.04%) and 1.71%(95%CI: 0.72%-2.71%) respectively; as for an increase of 10 ?g/m3 of NO2, the mortalities could be increased by 1.04%(95%CI: 0.72%-1.35%), 1.05%(95%CI: 0.59%-1.51%) and 1.43%(95%CI: 0.65%-2.21%) respectively. Conclusion The air SO2, NO2 of present levels in Shanghai have an adverse effect on the daily mortality of residents.