ABSTRACT
Aim: It consisted to identify the different species of traditional leafy vegetables consumed, to follow the technical process of production and to specifically evaluate the risk of microbial contamination of Amaranth from urban production in Daloa. Study Design: This study focuses on the consumption of traditional leafy vegetables. Place and Duration of Study: University of Jean Lorougnon Guédé of Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UFR Agroforestry, BP 150 Daloa, between November 2018 and April 2019. Methodology: On the study site, three planks of amaranth leave constituted a study block (sample). A total of 18 samples were analyzed. Then, mature Amaranth, ready for sale and then consumed, were subjected to microbiological characterization according to the standards. Results: There are seven main species of leafy vegetables consumed by Daloa populations and Amaranth is one of the most widely consumed leaves. The monitoring of production of these vegetables revealed that many of the actors were adults (> 30 years old), dominated by the female gender (63 %) and illiterate (70 %). The inputs were poultry manure, a mixture of dung and beef purse. In addition, the technical production routes were empirical. Microbiological analyzes of Amaranth leaf from selected areas showed a high level of bacterial contamination. Including indicator of general pollution like mesophilic aerobic germs, yeasts and molds, enterobacteria and indicator of fecal origin were isolated. It has been noticed the presence of pathogenic species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp in all productions. Conclusion: Amaranth leaves produced in this area aren’t suitable for human consumption and could create some sanitary risk.
ABSTRACT
Background: Serological tests remain the basis of toxoplasmosis diagnosis since direct detection of Toxoplasma gondii by microscopy is less sensitive and PCR is inaccessible for routine screening. Unfortunately, serological screening in pregnant women for T. gondii-specific antibodies is not mandatory in the assessment of antenatal care in Ivory Coast. Furthermore the latest data published are about a decade. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence in relation with certain risk factors and discuss epidemiological issue of different patterns seen among pregnant women in Daloa, in Ivory Coast. Study Design and Setting: This is a prospective study. Pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in maternal and child health care center were screened for IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii from February to August 2014. Results: Out of 385 women, 113 (29.35%) were in their first pregnancy and the average age was 26 years with 14 and 47 years of age respectively for the youngest and the oldest mother. A hundred and sixty five (42.85%) of the women had ever been in contact with cats and 305 (79.22%) had ever eaten raw vegetables. 108 (28.05%) out of 385 women were in the third trimester of pregnancy. 226 out of 385 sera (58.70%) had positive IgG and all sera were tested negative for IgM. The remaining sera 159 (41.3%) had no IgG or IgM. The seroprevalence of IgG was correlated to the presence of cats in the household (P<0.001) and age group (P<0.05), whereas no significant association was observed with the consumption of raw vegetables, education and the type of housing. Out of the 159 sera tested negative, 45 (28.3%) were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Our study shows that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women of reproductive age, particularly pregnant women is not insignificant in Ivory Coast and deserves more attention from the health officials.