ABSTRACT
Objective: Monitoring the unbound drug concentration in blood in combination therapy is necessary, because its concentration determines the efficacy of drug therapy. This study was designed to explore the effect of Dan Hong Injection (DHI) on the unbound warfarin using two approaches including an in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro fluorescence studies. Methods: The effect of DHI on the pharmacokinetic properties of the unbound warfarin was investigated by a microdialysis sampling method coupled with LC–MS/MS. The effect of DHI and salvianolic acid B (SaB) on warfarin binding with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conducted by fluorescence spectrometry. Results: The AUC0-tn of warfarin with DHI group was higher than that of warfarin alone group. The result showed that DHI could increase the concentration of unbound warfarin in rat blood, which may be due to the competition between warfarin and DHI as well as its components binding to serum albumin. The competition process was demonstrated by fluorescence study. Conclusion: Combination therapy of DHI with warfarin could enhance the release profile of warfarin from serum protein.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of Danhong injection on the expression of nephrin podocin protein and gene in the kidney of membranous nephropathy rats.Methods A total of 34 male clean level SD rats were divided at random into the normal control group (8 rats),model group (26 rates).The model group were injected the C-BSA into caudal vein to establish the model of the membranous nephropathy.After four week of succession of the models,two model rats were taken to confirm the success of the model.Another 24 models divided at random into model group,Losartan potassium treatment group and Danhong injection treatment group,8 in each group.In the losartan group,the losartan 40 mg/kg was administered,and the Danhong group was injected with 4 ml/kg of Danhong injection in the tail vein for 4 weeks.The rat urine was collected after the last administration,and 24 h urine protein was determined by spectrophotometer.The serum total protein,albumin,TC and TG levels were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer.The renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining.The expressions of nephrin,podocin and WT1 labeled podocytes were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The expressions of nephrin and podocin in renal tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot,and the results were correlated.Results Compared with the model group,the content of serum albumin increased in the Danhong group (P＜0.01),24 h urine protein quantitation,TC,TG significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The expression of nephrin protein (1.12 ± 0.03 vs.0.57 ± 0.09),podocin protein (0.99 ± 0.04 vs.0.53 ± 0.08),nephrin mRNA (0.49 ± 0.08 vs.0.14 ± 0.02),podocin mRNA (0.50 ± 0.11 vs.1.18 ± 0.05) in Danhong group significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the number of podocytes labeled with WT1 (14.88％ ± 1.73％ vs.9.63％ ± 1.69％) significantly increased (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that 24 h urine protein quantitation and expression of nephrin protein (r=-0.908),podocin protein (r=-0.916),nephrin mRNA (r=-0.930),podocin mRNA (r=-0.923).There was a negative correlation between serum albumin (r=-0.934) and podocyte count (r=-0.778) (P＜0.01),and positive correlation with TC (r=0.814) and TG (r=0.870) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The Danhong injection may reduce the urine protein of membranous nephropathy rats by up-regulating the expression of nephrin,podocin mRNA and protein in renal cells of membranous nephropathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Dan Hong in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group (n=10),aCSM modelgroup (n=10),and acontrol group (n=10).The CSM model group received a Dan Hong injection,while the control and experimental groups received an injection of an equivalent volume of physiological saline.The motor function of the rats was assessed before administration and at 4 weeks after administration,at which time the rats were sacrificed.The expression of cytokines and bcl-2 was detected by ELISA and Westem blotting.Results Four weeks after treatment,the number of oblique plates in the experimental group increased.Additionally,the expression of cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the CSM model group was higher and the expression of bcl-2 was lower.Conclusion Dan Hong injection can reduce the inflammatory response and reduce cell apoptosis in CSM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Dan-Hong Injection and Methycobal combined therapy in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods 72 cases of peripheral neuropathy and type 2 diabetes(conformed to ADA standard published in 1999)were randomly separated into an experimem group and a control group.Members in the experiment group were treated with Dan-Hong injection 20ml/day i.v.and Methycobal 500ug/day i.m.Members in the control group were treated with Methycobal only.At the end of 2 weeks'therapeutic courses,motor nerve conducdon velocity (MNCV)and sural nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)were evaluated.Results The overall effective rate was 92.1% in the experiment group and 67.6% in the control group,showing significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.01).The post-therapeutic values of both SNCV and MNCV were significantly different from those of previous treatment.(P＜0.01)The post-therapeutic values of SNCV and MNCV of the experiment group were also significantly different from those of the control group(P＜0.05).No evidently relative adverse effects were observed in both groups.Conclusions Combined therapy of Dan-Hong injection and Methycobal was more effective in controlling the clinical activity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.