A 25 años de la implementación del identificador de objeto digital / Twenty-five years after the implementation of the Digital Object Identifier

RESUMEN El identificador de objeto digital, conocido en inglés como digital object identifier y abreviado DOI, surgido en 1997, es una cadena alfanumérica única que identifica un contenido electrónico y proporciona un enlace permanente a su ubicación en internet. A 25 años de la implementación de esta herramienta, todavía quedan muchas revistas con un impacto considerable que no cuentan con DOI. Cuba no lo tiene porque le es negado por las grandes agencias registradoras. Fue objetivo de los autores de esta comunicación destacar la importancia del DOI como herramienta básica para el control de la documentación digital. Se concluyó que su principal aporte es asegurar la identificación persistente y unívoca de un documento, a través de un registro sistemático central de sus metadatos. Se recomienda que siempre que esté disponible el DOI en línea, se utilice en la cita bibliográfica, para mejorar la visibilidad de las revistas y los propios investigadores.

ABSTRACT The Digital Object Identifier, abbreviated as DOI and emerged in 1997, is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies electronic content and provides a permanent link to its location on the Internet. Twenty-five years after the implementation of this tool, there are still many journals with a considerable impact which do not have DOIs. Cuba does not have it because it is denied by the big registration agencies. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of the DOI as a basic tool for the control of digital documentation. We concluded that its main contribution is to ensure the persistent and unique identification of a document, through a central systematic record of its metadata. It is recommended that whenever the DOI is available online, it is used in the bibliographic citation, to improve the visibility of the journals and the researchers themselves.

Hospitalizations and adverse drug events in the Brazilian unified health system: a ten-year retrospective analysis of routine data

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and characteristics of hospitalizations for/with adverse drug events in the Brazilian unified health system routine data. METHODS Nationwide retrospective study using data obtained from a period of ten years from the Brazil Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS), an administrative database that registers hospitalizations in the unified health system. We selected hospitalizations with primary and/or secondary diagnosis related to adverse drug events according to a list of validated International Classification Disease 10th edition (ICD-10) codes. These events were described according to year, age group, sex, length of hospital stay, mortality, hospital costs, Brazilian geographical region, and category of ICD-10 codes. Crude hospitalization rates of adverse drug events per 100,000 inhabitants were obtained and Joinpoint Regression was used to analyze temporal changes in these rates along the years. The most frequent ICD-10 codes were also identified. RESULTS Over ten years, 603,663 hospitalizations in Brazil were found in the database, out of which 2.5% of the patients died. Though 2009 had the highest prevalence of hospitalization per 100,000 inhabitants (32.57), no significant annual change in rates was found for the entire period. All age groups and sexes presented a jointpoint in temporal series; however, only women had a significative increase trend. The most frequent codes were from the chapter of mental and behavioral disorders (F19.2, F19.0, and F19.5 codes). CONCLUSIONS The database methodology can be useful to estimate frequencies of adverse drug events and perform characterization nationwide and to help monitor morbidity along the years.

Database of the alumni performance of the Ophthalmology Stricto sensu Postgraduate Program at Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP

Abstract Purpose To develop a database with social, demographic and professional information of all graduates of the two post-graduate programs in Ophthalmology of EPM-UNIFESP, including their opinions on quality, application, and contribution of the courses received in their professional careers. Methods The survey was conducted in the digital and physical archives of the University and by telephone contact. When the graduates' e-mails were all collected, the electronic questionnaire was applied. The responses were compiled. Descriptive analysis of the results obtained in this cross-sectional study was performed, and analyzed by the authors and by statistical professionals, through Excel graphs. Results The database suggests that most graduates were born and work in the state of São Paulo. A significant fraction of 66.77% is dedicated to academic work, but only 36.2% hold management positions. Most of them receive amounts of one to 56 minimum wages monthly. The main motivation was to improve their professional careers. Conclusion For post-graduate programs, a database with information of its graduates can elucidate whether the goals were achieved based on the proposed teaching, as well as can generate reflections to improve the quality, the courses expectations and the vision that students have of the University.

Establishment of neonatal homogeneity platform for clinical and scientific research / 中华围产医学杂志

Neonatal medicine in China has been developing rapidly in recent years,but there is a considerable gap in clinical statistics and studies between China and developed countries.Since 1990s,some international neonatal homogeneity platforms such as the Vermont-Oxford Network and the Canadian Neonatal Network,in which a unified collaboration network database was applied,have been established to share the homogeneous data of all network databases in neonatal clinical and scientific research.These platforms have greatly promoted the progress of neonatal clinical studies in both Europe and America.Yet,we have not seen great breakthroughs in clinical big data analysis in neonatal medicine in China.Here,we discussed the critical role of establishing neonatal homogeneity platform in clinical and scientific research.

Educación continua: bases de datos biomédicas II: Medline/PubMed / Continuing education: biomedical databases II: Medline/PubMed

MEDLINE/PubMed es una de las bases de datos de bibliografía biomédica más grandes e importantes y el principal componente de PUbMed que cubre las áreas de medicina, enfermería, odontología, veterinaria, sistemas de salud y ciencias preclínicas. La interfaz de PubMed permite realizar búsquedas, no solamente en Medline, sino también en otras 35 bases de datos del NCBI (Centro Nacional para la Información Biotecnológica). Medline fue desarrollado por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estados Unidos (NLM), que forma parte del Instituto Nacional de Salud (NIH). En esta sexta entrega de educación continua se describen la estructura, el funcionamiento y las características de los principales componentes de Medline/PubMed que permitirán al usuario realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica más eficiente.

MEDLINE / PubMed is one of the largest and most important biomedical bibliographic databases and the main component of PUbMed that covers the areas of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary, health systems and preclinical sciences. The PubMed interface allows searching not only of Medline, but also of another 35 NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) databases. Medline was developed by the National Library of Medicine of the United States (NLM), which is part of the National Institute of Health (NIH). This sixth edition of continuing education describes the structure, operation and characteristics of the main components of Medline / PubMed that will allow the user to perform a more efficient bibliographic search.

Review of the Registration in the Clinical Research Information Service

Clinical research registration is required in many countries to improve transparency of clinical research and to ensure subject safety. Developed in February 2010, the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) is an online registration system for clinical studies in Korea and one of the primary registries of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The present analysis investigated the characteristics of studies registered in the CRIS between February 2010 and December 2014. Data for the analysis were extracted from the CRIS database. As of December 31, 2014, 1,323 clinical studies were registered. Of these, 938 (70.9%) were interventional studies and 385 (29.1%) were observational studies. A total of 248 (18.7%) studies were funded by government sources, 1,051 (79.4%) by non-government sources, and 24 (1.8%) by both. The most frequently studied disease category based on the ICD-10 classification was the digestive system (13.1%), followed by the nervous system (9.4%) and musculoskeletal system (9.1%). Only 17.8% of the studies were registered prior to enrollment of the first subject. Comparing the number of registered or approved clinical studies between the CRIS, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and ClinicalTrials.gov suggests that a considerable number of clinical studies are not registered with the CRIS; therefore, we would suggest that such registration should be the mandatory legal requirement.

Classificação de microáreas de risco com uso de mineração de dados / Classification of risk micro-areas using data mining

Objetivo: Identificar, com o auxílio de técnicas computacionais, regras referentes às condições do ambiente físico para a classificação de microáreas de risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, desenvolvida na cidade de Curitiba, PR, em 2007, dividida em três etapas: identificação de atributos para classificar uma microárea; construção de uma base de dados; e aplicação do processo de descoberta de conhecimento em base de dados, por meio da aplicação de mineração de dados. O conjunto de atributos envolveu as condições de infra- estrutura, hidrografia, solo, área de lazer, características da comunidade e existência de vetores. A base de dados foi construída com dados obtidos em entrevistas com agentes comunitários de saúde, sendo utilizado um questionário com questões fechadas, elaborado com os atributos essenciais, selecionados por especialistas. Resultados: Foram identificados 49 atributos, sendo 41 essenciais e oito irrelevantes. Foram obtidas 68 regras com a mineração de dados, as quais foram analisadas sob a perspectiva de desempenho e qualidade e divididas em dois conjuntos: as inconsistentes e as que confirmam o conhecimento de especialistas. A comparação entre os conjuntos mostrou que as regras que confirmavam o conhecimento, apesar de terem desempenho computacional inferior, foram consideradas mais interessantes. Conclusões: A mineração de dados ofereceu um conjunto de regras úteis e compreensíveis, capazes de caracterizar microáreas, classificando-as quanto ao grau do risco, com base em características do ambiente físico. A utilização das regras propostas permite que a classificação de uma microárea possa ser realizada de forma mais rápida, menos subjetiva, mantendo um padrão entre as equipes de saúde, superando a influência da percepção particular de cada componente da equipe.

Desenvolvimento e implementação de um Banco de Dados Informatizado em nefrologia pediátrica / Development an d implementation database system in pediatric nephrology

Advances in computer technology have made possible to store large amounts of data concerning management of patients with chronic medical disorders. This article describes our experience in the development and implementation database system specif- ically designed for the Division of Pediatric Nephrology. Its basic structure and main functions are related. Until now 17.5 percent (1,090/6,200) of the patients of the Pediatric Nephrology Unit have been inserted in it. Most frequent caus- es for the forwarding were the evaluation of urinary infection (410 - 37,6 percent) and Glomerulopathies (350 - 32.1 percent). From the urinary infection cases, 311 (76 percent) were confirmed, out of them 255 (72 percent) had some abnormalities of the urinary tract. From the glomerulopathy cases, 300 (85.7 percent) were confirmed, being minimal lesions nephrotic syndrome the most frequent cause. Database can be easily deal with. Specific skills in computer programming and systern handling are nor needed. The pro- gram has proved effective to proposed objectives, allowing an analysis of casuisty under many aspecrs concerned to Pediatric Nephrology.

Os avanços na tecnologia em informática têm permitido o armazena- mento de imensa quantidade de dados relacionados ao manuseio de pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas. Esse artigo descreve nossa experiência no desenvolvimentoe implementação de banco de dados especificamente elaborado para uma Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica. O sistema básico e suas principais funções são inscritos na Unidade. Até o presente momento foram inseridos 17,5 por cento (1.090/6.200) dos pacientes inscritos na Unidade. Os motivos mais freqüentes de encaminhamento na amostra estudada foram: avaliação de infecção urinária - 410 (37,6 por cento), seguida de glomerulopatias - 350 (32,1 por cento). Dos casos de infecção urinária, 311 (76 por cento) foram confirma- dos, sendo 255 (72 por cento) portadores de uropatias. Dos casos de glome- rulopatia, 300 (85,7 por cento) foram confirmados, a causa mais crescente foi a síndrome nefrótica por lesões mínimas. O banco de dados descrito pode ser facilmente manipulado, não exigindo habilidade em programação e tão pouco grande experiência em informática. O programa tem se demonstrado eficaz para os objetivos propostos, permitindo uma análise da casuística sob os mais diversos aspectos referentes a Nefrologia Pediátrica.