Proximate Composition and Microbiological Quality of “Kunu-Aya”: A Locally Produced Non-Fermented Beverage in Nigeria

Kunu-aya” is non- fermented beverage locally produced from Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut) and Phoenix dactylifera (Dates) based milk. This study determined the proximate composition and microbial quality of laboratory produced “Kunu-aya” following standard methods. Biochemical characterization method was carried out for identification of associated isolates. The results revealed that the “Kunu-aya” contains; moisture content was 59.44±0.05, Ash content of 5.02±0.07, crude fat 8.108±0.03, Crude fibre 9.16±0.04, crude protein 8.983±0.26, and carbohydrate 9.3±0.05 and the energy content was 182.69kcal. “Kunu-aya” also contains significant amounts of magnesium (Mg) 2.045±0.05, potassium (K) 40.506±0.05, phosphorus (P) 4.506±0.03, copper (Cu) 0.018±0.04, zinc (Zn) 48.001±0.01, iron (Fe) 0.408±0.04, sodium (Na) of 6.031±0.07 and calcium (Ca) 0.196±0.03. The total viable bacteria count of the sample was 4.0 x 104 CFU/ml and the total fungal count was 2.7x 102 CFU/ml. Species of Staphylococcus spp (50%), Bacilli spp. (16.7%) Streptococcus spp. (16.7%) and Micrococcus spp. (16.7%) are predominant bacteria contaminants of the beverage. Besides, fungi species of Aspergillus spp. (60%), Penicillium spp. (20%) and Rhizopus spp. (20%) were also isolated. The microbial load obtained exceeded the acceptable limit stipulated for dairy drinks. Based on the proximate and mineral contents of “Kunu-aya”, its rich essential contents can provide nutrients for human nutrition. Therefore, the production of this beverage under strict hygiene conditions will improve the microbiological quality and reduce the health risk associated with its consumption.

Use of Indian Date and Vitamin B-3 to Reduce Blood Pressure and to Raise HDL-Cholesterol

Background: Coronary artery disease is a complex syndrome to get initiation from formation of atherosclerotic plaques in systemic circulation to cardiac arrhythmia causing morbidity/mortality. This study was conducted to compare hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Indian date (Jujuba) in hyperlipidemic patients. Methods: Study was conducted from July 2015 to December 2015 at National Hospital Lahore-Pakistan. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Consent was taken from all patients. They were divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take 2 grams Niacin in divided doses for the period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the period of two months. All patients’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure was noted. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. Results: After two months therapy, their post treatment blood pressure and lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their blood pressure was reduced but it was non-significant change, LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. Conclusions: It was concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering potential, but it does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly. Jujubes and vitamin B-3 did not reduced blood pressure, when analyzed statistically.

Agromorphological performance of garlic landraces in Piauí, Brazil / Desempenho agromorfológico de variedades crioulas de alho no Piauí

ABSTRACT: In garlic (Allium sativum L.), genotype evaluation facilitates the search for better varieties. The aim of this study was to use morphoagronomic traits to evaluate three garlic landraces, namely, “Cateto Roxo Local”, “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2”. They were planted on May 1, 2014 and May 23, 2014, in the municipality of Sussuapara, State of Piauí, Brazil. These varieties have similar behavior at the vegetative stage. “Cateto Roxo Local” had the highest average bulb mass, clove number per bulb, and clove mass per bulb. “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2” had the largest clove diameter per bulb. In Sussuapara - PI, “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2” are recommended for planting in the beginning of May, whereas “Cateto Roxo Local” should be planted in the third week of May.

RESUMO: Na cultura do alho (Allium sativum L.), a atividade de avaliação de genótipos é importante na busca por variedades superiores e adaptadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar avaliação agromorfológica em três variedades crioulas de alho, Cateto Roxo Local, Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2, em duas épocas de plantio, 1o de maio e 23 de maio de 2014, no município de Sussuapara - Piauí. As variedades apresentam comportamento semelhante na fase vegetativa das plantas, considerando as duas épocas de plantio. Quanto aos caracteres relacionados à produção, Cateto Roxo Local apresentou maior média para massa de bulbos, número e massa de bulbilhos por bulbo, enquanto Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2, se destacaram quanto ao diâmetro dos bulbilhos por bulbo. Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e 2 devem ser recomendadas para o plantio no início do mês de maio, enquanto para Cateto Roxo Local, o plantio pode ocorrer até a terceira semana de maio, em Sussuapara - PI.

Diet rich in date palm fruits improves memory, learning and reduces beta amyloid in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Background: At present, the treatment options available to delay the onset or slow down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not effective. Recent studies have suggested that diet and lifestyle factors may represent protective strategies to minimize the risk of developing AD. Date palm fruits are a good source of dietary fiber and are rich in total phenolics and natural antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid. These polyphenolic compounds have been shown to be neuroprotective in different model systems. Objective: We investigated whether dietary supplementation with 2% and 4% date palm fruits (grown in Oman) could reduce cognitive and behavioral deficits in a transgenic mouse model for AD (amyloid precursor protein [APPsw]/Tg2576). Materials and Methods: The experimental groups of APP‑transgenic mice from the age of 4 months were fed custom‑mix diets (pellets) containing 2% and 4% date fruits. We assessed spatial memory and learning ability, psychomotor coordination, and anxiety‑related behavior in all the animals at the age of 4 months and after 14 months of treatment using the Morris water maze test, rota‑rod test, elevated plus maze test, and open‑field test. We have also analyzed the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein (1–40 and 1–42) in plasma of control and experimental animals. Results: Standard diet‑fed Tg mice showed significant memory deficits, increased anxiety‑related behavior, and severe impairment in spatial learning ability, position discrimination learning ability and motor coordination when compared to wild‑type on the same diet and Tg mice fed 2% and 4% date supplementation at the age of 18 months. The levels of both Aβ proteins were significantly lowered in date fruits supplemented groups than the Tg mice without the diet supplement. The neuroprotective effect offered by 4% date fruits diet to AD mice is higher than 2% date fruits diet. Conclusions: Our results suggest that date fruits dietary supplementation may have beneficial effects in lowering the risk, delaying the onset or slowing down the progression of AD.

Algunas ideas metodológicas para trabajar las efemérides en las clases de inglés / Some methodological ideas to work with important dates in the English language classes

El autor del artículo brinda y pone en manos de profesores, alumnos ayudantes y personal vinculado a la docencia algunas ideas metodológicas para trabajar las efemérides en las clases de inglés y lograr que estas contribuyan a la formación multilateral y armónica de nuestros educandos y desarrollen en los mismos los valores éticos que demandan el mundo actual y futuro en la Enseñanza Médica Superior...

The author of the article provide professors, instructor students and the staff linked to the teaching learning process with some methodological ideas to work with dates and anniversaries in the English classes just to contribute to the multilateral and harmonious formation of our students, so that they can develop the ethical values that the current and future world demand in the higher medical education...

Potencial do manejo integrado da ferrugem asiática da soja: severidade da doença, desenvolvimento vegetativo e componentes da produção, cultivar MG/BR-46 (Conquista) / Asian soybean rust integrated management potential: disease severity, plant development and yield components, cultivar MG/BR-46 (Conquista)

A ferrugem asiática, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & P. Sydow, é uma das principais doenças foliares da cultura da soja. Assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os efeitos das épocas de semeadura, populações de plantas e doses reduzidas de fungicidas na severidade da ferrugem asiática e seus reflexos no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da soja, cultivar MG/BR-46 (Conquista). Experimentos de campo foram conduzidos nos anos agrícolas de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, sob infestação natural da ferrugem asiática. A partir do surgimento dos primeiros sintomas da ferrugem, iniciaram-se as pulverizações com os tratamentos fungicidas e as avaliações da severidade da doença. Para compreender a natureza e a extensão dos efeitos dos tratamentos, uma análise multivariada de fatores foi aplicada. Para a maioria das diferentes características agronômicas avaliadas e fatores, de um terço a dois terços da variabilidade pode ser explicada por mudanças na população de plantas ou por diferenças nos tratamentos com fungicidas; e o restante, pela variação na época de semeadura. Os tratamentos com fungicidas e a época de semeadura são determinantes na severidade da doença e na interferência desta na produtividade da cultura. Caracteres relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo são mais dependentes das variações na população de plantas. As menores severidades da ferrugem asiática com os tratamentos fungicidas azoxystrobina + ciproconazol, refletiram em produtividades superiores. A população de plantas pode ser reduzida até 160 mil plantas ha-1 sem prejuízos no controle da doença e na produtividade da soja. No geral, semeaduras mais precoces proporcionaram aumento das características agronômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, apesar do controle menos eficiente da ferrugem.

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & P. Sydow is one of the major diseases of the soybean crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates, plant populations and reduced doses of fungicides on soybean rust severity and its effects on plant development and yield, cultivar MG/BR- 46 (Conquista). Field experiments were conducted in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 harvests, under natural rust infestation of soybean rust. As from the appearance of the first disease symptoms, also began the fungicide spraying and the disease severity assessments. To understand the nature and extent of the effects of different treatments, a multivariate analysis of factors was applied. For the majority of the agronomic characters and factors, one-third to two-thirds of their variability can be explained by changes in plant populations or by differences in the fungicide treatments, and the remainder, was explained by sowing date variations. The fungicide treatments and sowing dates are determinants in disease severity and its interference on crop productivity. The characters of plant growth are more dependent on plant population variations. Treatments with azoxystrobina + ciproconazol promoted smaller disease severities, reflecting in productivity increase. The plant populations can be reduced up to 160.000 plants ha-1 without losses in the disease control and the soybean yield. In general, the earliest sowings provided increase in the plant development, although the rust control was less efficient.

Eficiência climática para as culturas da soja e do trigo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul em diferentes datas de semeadura / Climatic efficiency for soybean and wheat crops in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in different sowing date

Eficiência climática (EC) é um índice que demonstra em termos quantitativos a redução produtiva ocasionada pelo déficit hídrico. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a EC das culturas da soja e do trigo para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando-se diferentes locais e datas de semeaduras. A EC foi obtida pela relação entre as produtividades atingível (PA) e potencial (PPf), estimadas por meio de modelos de simulação. A PA foi obtida pela estimativa da PPf, a qual foi determinada pelo método de Zona Agroecológica da FAO, deflacionada pelo déficit hídrico em cada uma das fases das culturas para cada data de semeadura, entre os anos de 1979 e 2008. Os resultados evidenciaram que as datas de semeadura influenciam a EC para a cultura da soja, a qual variou de 0,31 a 0,61. Com base nos resultados de EC e PA, há um ganho de produtividade com o atraso da semeadura de 01/10 para 21/12. Para a cultura do trigo, a EC média foi superior a 0,81, o que leva a concluir que se deve optar por datas de semeadura em que há maior PPf. As maiores PPf para o trigo são obtidas nas semeaduras a partir de meados do mês de junho ao final do mês de julho.

Climatic efficiency (EC) is an index that shows the yield loss caused by water deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EC of soybean and wheat crops for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The EC was obtained by the ratio between the attainable yield (PA) and potential yield (PPf) of these crops, estimated by crop simulation models. The PA was obtained by estimating the potential yield (PPf), which was determined by the FAO Agroecological Zone method, depreciated by the water deficit in each crop phenological phase for each sowing date, between 1979 and 2008. The results showed that sowing dates influenced the EC for the soybean crop, ranging from 0.31 to 0.61. Based on the results from EC and PA, there is an increase of crop yield when sowings are delayed from 01/10 to 21/12. For the wheat crop, the average EC was greater than 0.81, which allows to conclude that the best sowing dates should be chosen considering the highest PPf. The highest potential yields for the wheat crop were obtained for sowings from mid-June to end July.

Relação entre data de descrição, tamanho corporal e área de distribuição geográfica dos quelônios sul-americanos / Relationship between description date, body size and geographical range for south american turtles

Vários estudos demonstram que o nível de saturação em inventários faunísticos de linhagens amplamente distribuídas pode ser estimado pela inspeção do acúmulo das datas de descrição das suas espécies, as quais podem ser influenciadas por diversos fatores. Assim, o propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar os padrões das datas de descrição de 46 espécies continentais de quelônios da América do Sul, a partir da curva acumulativa para as datas das espécies, e da correlação destas com o tamanho corporal e a área de distribuição geográfica, sendo todos os dados provenientes da literatura específica. A freqüência acumulada das datas de descrição dos quelônios de 1766 a 2005 começa a se estabilizar a partir de 2000, sendo atualmente pouco provável a descoberta de novas espécies no continente sulamericano. O tamanho corporal foi significativo para a descrição das espécies (r= -0,256, p< 0,01), demonstrando assim que espécies maiores foram descritas preliminarmente. A correlação com a distribuição geográfica demonstrou que espécies de ampla distribuição foram descritas preliminarmente, em relação às de distribuição restrita (r= -0,614, p< 0,0001). Assim, considerando a vulnerabilidade dos quelônios, em contrapartida à crescente antropização na América do Sul, recomendamos que os estudos futuros concentrem-se primariamente em propostas conservacionistas, e secundariamente na busca por novas espécies. p

Many studies show that saturation levels in faunistic inventories, of widely distributed lineages, can be estimated by inspecting the cumulative description dates of species, which can be influenced by a variety of factors. The goal of this work was to evaluate the description date patterns of 46 continental species of South American turtles, according to cumulative curve data and the correlation of body size and geographical range. All data were obtained from the literature. The cumulative frequency of description dates from 1766 to 2005 started to stabilize in 2000, lowering the probability of finding a new species for South America. Body size was significant for the description of new species (r= - 0,256, p< 0,01). The correlation with geographical range shows that widely distributed species were described before species with restricted geographical ranges (r= -0,614, p< 0,0001). Finally, based on turtle vulnerability in relation to growing antropization in South America, we recommend that future studies focus primarily on conservation and secondarily on searching for new species.

Influence of sowing date and crop variety on phenology, growth and yield of rainfed groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) in Southern Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India.

An experiment was conducted with four dates of sowing (Second fortnight of May, First fortnight of June, Second fortnight of June and First fortnight of July) and four Varieties (TMV-2, JL-24, Narayani and Abhaya). There was wide variation in the weather conditions that prevailed over the cropping periods between the two years of experimentation. During the first year (2006) a continuous dryspell of 51 days prevailed which coincided with different growth stages of groundnut under different dates of sowing. This dry spell has not favoured the growth and development of crop, instead, it has increased the crop duration of different varieties of groundnut studied under the present investigation. The crop duration was 139-146 days in early sown crop to 110-125 days in normal sown crop compared to normal duration of 105 to 120 days. However, the second year (2007) is normal with better temporal distribution of rains and the crop duration ranged from 104-120 days in early sown crop to 108-121 days under normal sown crop. The length of growth period in 2006 is due to receipt of continuous rains after dry spell of 51 days from seed development phase to physiological maturity. In 2007,the crop which received heavy rains (22 June sown crop ) from 90 DAS to harvest was adversely affected resulting poor filling and low yields. The results revealed that Sowing during July first fortnight was found to be optimum time for groundnut during drought year, while during normal year advancing the sowing date by one month may also favour good crop provided there were good rains. The performance of Abhaya cultivar was better than the Narayani, TMV-2 and JL-24 under different kinds of environments like extreme moisture stress, stress free or even under moderate stress conditions. However, in normal year TMV-2 and JL-24 performance was also good compared to drought year.

Como Freud não conseguiu elaborar seu medo das datas fatídicas em sua autoanálise com Jung: [revisão] / Como Freud no logro elaborar su miedo a las fechas fatídica en su autoanálisis com Jung: [revisión] / On Freud’s inability to elaborate on his fear of fateful dates in his self-analysis with Jung: [review]

O ambiente cultural compartilhado pelo paciente e pelo analista pode desempenhar um papel facilitador no trabalho de transformação das moções pulsionais do id em representações de coisas inconscientes no paciente. A elaboração da crença de Freud em certas datas maléficas foi malsucedida em sua autoanálise com Jung por razões, entre outras, ligadas à contratransferência cultural deste. Teve sucesso, ao contrário, na autoanálise de Freud com Romain Rolland graças ao clima de conversa psicanalítica que se estabeleceu entre eles.

The cultural environment shared by patient and analyst can have a facilitating role in transforming the id's motion drives into the patient' unconcious representations of the things. Freud's elaboration of his belief that certain dates were evil or unlucky was unsuccessful in his self-analysis with Jung due to several reasons, including the latter's cultural countertransference. However, it succeeded in Freud's self-analysis with Romain Rolland, due to the atmosphere of psychoanalytic conversation established between them.

El ambiente cultural compartido por el paciente y por el analista puede desempeñar un papel facilitador en el trabajo de transformación de las mociones pulsionales del ello en representaciones de cosas inconscientes en el paciente. La elaboración de la creencia de Freud en determinadas fechas maléficas fue malograda en su autoanálisis con Jung por razones, entre otras, ligadas a la contratransferência cultural de este. Sin embargo, tuvo éxito en el autoanálisis de Freud con Romain Rolland gracias aI clima de conversación psicoanalítica que se estableció entre ellos.

Efeito de anos e épocas de semeadura sobre o desempenho agronômico e rendimento de cultivares de trigo em Palotina, PR / Effect of sowing dates and years on agronomic performance and yield of wheat cultivars in Palotina, state of Parana, Brazil

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e rendimento de grãos de cultivares de trigo em função de anos e épocas de semeadura. Os experimentos de campo foram instalados na Fazenda Experimental da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola (Coodetec), em Palotina, Estado do PR, Brasil, durante os anos agrícolas de 2006 e 2007. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos completos com os tratamentos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas seis cultivares de trigo (CD 104, CD 105, CD 108, CD 110, CD 111 e CD 114), e cinco épocas de semeadura (22/03, 07/04, 20/04, 04/05 e 18/05). Realizou-se a análise estatística conjunta para anos, cultivares e épocas de semeadura, em todas as combinações. As características avaliadas foram: ciclo até o espigamento e até a maturação, e rendimento de grãos. A maturação foi a característica mais afetada durante os dois anos avaliados. De maneira geral, em ambos os anos, o maior rendimento de grãos, para as seis cultivares de trigo, foi obtido em semeaduras realizadas no mês de abril.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield of wheat cultivars in response to different sowing dates and years. Field experiments were carried out on the Experimental Farm of the Central Cooperative Unit in Agricultural Research (Coodetec) in Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, during the agricultural years of 2006 and 2007. There was used the randomized block design with four replications. There were evaluated six wheat cultivars (CD 104, CD 105, CD 108, CD 110, CD 111 and CD 114), and five sowing dates (03/22, 04/07, 04/20, 05/04 and 05/18). The statistical analysis was carried out jointly for the years, cultivars, and sowing dates, in all combinations. Days until both emergency to flowering and emergency to maturation, and yield grain, were evaluated. Maturation was the characteristic more affected during the two years of study. In general, for both years, the highest grain yield, for the six wheat cultivars, was obtained in April sowing dates.

Ethanol Production from Dates in Saudi Arabia on Industrial Scale

Substandard dates were used as a cheep source for juice production. The seedless dates solution was mixed well, decanted, clarified and microfiltrated. The total sugar concentrations in the prepared date juice were adjusted to 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5%. Date juice with 18% sugars was the more suitable and economic concentration could be fermented to ethanol by using each of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or S. bayamus in submerged fermenters. Also S. bayamus was more active than S. cerevisiae in the fermentation of the date juice. The higher yield ethanol production was recorded by using S. bayamus grown on date juice with 18% sugars concentration at 30degrees C and pH 3.5. The fermentation rate under these conditions was 2.0 Brix consumed per 12 hours and the fermentation was completed in 84 hours, with resulting in an ethanol concentration of 9.2%. This concentration of ethanol was nearly equal to the theoretical value. It was represented 50.9% of the total sugars in the date juice which was 18%. Addition, of different concentrations of Di-ammonium phosphate (1, 2 or 3 g/l of date juice) had no effect on the efficiency of fomentation. At the end of fermentation, the fermented date juice was distilled and alcohol with nearly 93% concentration was produced.

Influência da época de plantio na produção de classes de bulbos comerciais de cultivares de alho (Allium sativum L) em Santa Maria, RS / Planting date influence on the yield of bulb quality grades of garlic (Allium sativum L) cultivars in Santa Maria, RS

O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, no ano agrícola de 1984, para avaliar a influência de três épocas de plantio no rendimento de bulbos comerciais e de classes de bulbos de 10 cultivares de alho (Allium sativum L.). As épocas de plantio influenciaram o rendimento médio de bulbos comerciais e de classes de bulbos. O plantio de 18/5 agregou incremento no rendimento de bulbos comerciais, tendo sido o mais alto do experimento. As cultivares Gigante Lavínia, Gigante Inconfidentes, São Lourenço e Quitéria apresentaram o melhor desempenho produtivo.

The experiment vás conducted at lhe Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during lhe 1984 growing season to determine lhe influence ofplanting dates on lhe yield of marketable bulbs and yield of bulb quality grades of 10 garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Planting dates were April 27, May 18 and July 14. Planting dates influenced lhe average yield of marketable bulbs as wel! as the yield of bulb quality grades. Planting on May 18 effected the highest yields of marketable bulbs m the experiment. The cultivars with the best performances were Gigante Lavínia, Gigante inconfidentes, São Lourenço e Quitéria.

Application of Excel in the Intelligent Management of Drugs within Expiry Date / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the intelligent management of drugs within expiry dates.METHODS:Table of drug categories was established;those categories near expiry date were screened out automatically through the paste function of Excel.RESULTS:Expiry dates of all drugs were seen clearly.CONCLUSION:It is accurate and simple by applying excel in the intelligent management of drugs within expiry dates.

Clinical Assessment of Gestational Age in the Newborn Infant by Ballard's Scoring System

In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing interest; in babies whose birthweight is low because their intrauterine growth has been retarded and it has been recognized that the clinical problems of these 'small-for-dates' infants differ from those of true prematures. Although it is very difficult to differentiate 'small-for-dates' infants from true prematures, it can be made readily if the gestational age is known. So there is a need for a rapid, accurate method of clinically assessing gestational maturation and it needs to be reliable and capable of being fully performed regardless of the degree of illness or well-being of infant. Using the Ballard's scoring system which was based on 6 physical criteria and 6 neurogical criteria, the author estimated the gestational age of 265 newborn infants who were born at the Obstetric ward of the Seoul National University Hospital from April to August in 1980. And the author compared the estimated gestional age with the gestational age calculated from LMP. The results were as followings: 1) The age distribution of the 265 newborn infants showed predominance in the weeks of gestational age and there was no discrepancy between two sexes. 2) The weight distribution of the 265 newborn infants showed predominance in the 2,500g-3, 500 g of birthweight. 3) The numbers of babies whose weight was appropriate, small and large for gestational age were 233(88%), 19(7%), and 13(5%) respectively according to University of Colorado Medical Center Example. 4) The examination was performed between 6 hours and 72 hours after birth, and the average time required to complete the full examination ranged from 3 minutes and 25 second to 6 minutes and 50 seconds, averaging 5 minutes and 30 seconds. 5) The predictive values of 6 physical criteria, when compared with the gestational age calculated from LMP were as following: skin(0,855), breast(0.842), plantar creases(0.830), ears (0.823), lanugo (0.773) and genitals (M: 0.760, F: 0.703) . 6) The predictive values of 6 neurological criteria when compared with the gestational age calculated from LMP were as following: popliteal angle(0.752), heel to ear(0.727), scarf sign (0.715), square window(0.693), posture(0682) and arm recoil(0.633). 7) The correlation of the score from the total criteria was greater than that obtined from any of its individual criteria. 8) The correlation coefficiency between the estimated gestational age and that calculated from LMP was 0.745 and the regression formula for the latter(X) against the former(Y) was Y=0.83X+ 6.79. With the above results, the author could conclude that the clinical estimation of the gestational age with the Ballard's scoring system was highly correlated and it deserves to be recommended for clinical purpose if the problems of the maturity rating would be solved.