A Review on Lehana Yoga of Kashyapa Samhita and its Utilization in Day to Day Practice

Kashyapa Samhita is an ancient text having many benchmark contributions in the field of Kaumarbhritya. Lehaadhya is a major contribution of Kashyapa Samhita where Lehana Yoga (lickable-semisold forms of herbs) is given. Lehana are most palatable and easy to prepare yoga for pediatric practice. In this article i have presented my views on how a practitioner can utilize drug combination of Lehaadhya in day to day practices. Various combinations given in Lehadhyaya are mainly given as preventive measures. But if we think on indication of Lehana, and side by side we thought on pediatric cases we encounter in day to day practices, we can realize that Lehana combinations are also useful in many common ailments in children. In other words Lehana combinations are not just for Preventive purpose and enhancing immunity and intellectual purpose but also can be used in so many common ailment found in pediatric practices. The thing we should kept in mind while using Lehana is its contraindications. Once we are clear about where we should not use Lehana and directly move on the treatment of particular disease, it becomes much easier to decide in which cases Lehana can be used.

Práticas cotidianas dos cuidadores formais de idosos / Daily practices of formal caregivers of the elderly

Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa baseado no referencial teórico de Michel de Certeau. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas cotidianas dos cuidadores formais de idosos. Os participantes foram 18 cuidadores formais de idosos, inicialmente indicados pela Associação de Cuidadores de Idosos de Minas Gerais e posteriormente escolhidos pela técnica de ―Bola de Neve‖. Os critérios de inclusão envolveram selecionar cuidadores de idosos que recebiam uma remuneração por prestarem o cuidado ao idoso, com no mínimo um ano de experiência na área, independente da idade e sexo, e que estivessem contratados por família de idoso, pelo próprio idoso ou por instituição de longa permanência. Além de entrevistas, foi também realizada a pesquisa documental nos jornais Folha de São Paulo e O Globo. Foram selecionadas reportagens dos últimos 10 anos que continham a expressão ―cuidador de idosos‖. A amostra final totalizou 69 reportagens de ambos os jornais. Os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e nos jornais foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Em todas as etapas do estudo, foi considerada a Resolução nº 466/2012, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Primeiramente, foi feita a pesquisa documental nos dois jornais brasileiros, e em seguida realizadas as entrevistas que compuseram o corpus de análise. Por meio dos dados explorados, identificou-se 4 categorias: na análise dos jornais obteve-se 1) Formação, regulamentação do cuidador de idosos como profissão e questões trabalhistas e 2) O trabalho do cuidador: das necessidades do mercado para as necessidades do profissional; e nas entrevistas 3) Quem são os cuidadores de idosos - maneiras de ser; e 4) O Cotidiano de trabalho do cuidador formal de idosos - maneiras de fazer. Os jornais apresentaram a demanda desses profissionais no mercado de trabalho, a expressiva oferta de cursos e vagas destinadas ao cuidador de idoso, bem como discussões acerca da regulamentação da profissão e de...

This work is a qualitative approach based on the theoretical reference of Michel de Certeau. This study had the objective of analyzing the day-to-day practices of formal elder caregivers. The participants were 18 formal caregivers, initially indicated by the Minas Gerais Elder Caregivers Association (Associação de Cuidadores de Idosos de Minas Gerais) and, posterior to that, chosen by the "Snowball" technique. The criteria to select these participants was the remunerated exercise of elder care, with at least one year of field experience, not taking in consideration age or gender, and that the caregivers were hired by the elder‘s family, by the elders themselves or by long-term care institutions. Besides the interviews realized with these participants, a documental research on the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and O Globo was carried by this study. Pieces of the last 10 years that contained the expression "elder caregiver" were selected. The final sample had 69 pieces from both newspapers. The collected data, by means of semi-structured interviews and newspaper pieces, was submitted to content analysis. In all phases of this study, the resolution nº 466/2012, from the National Board of Health (Conselho Nacional de Saúde) was taken in consideration. First, this study focused on documental research of Brazilian newspapers, after that, we conducted the interviews that composed the analysis corpus. From the data analysis, 4 categories were identified: in the analysis of the newspapers, 1) Qualification, regulation of the elder caregiver as a profession and labor issues and 2) The job of the caregiver: from the needs of the job market to the needs of the professional‘s labor; and in the interviews, 3) Who are the elder caregivers - ways of being, and 4) The everyday jobs of the formal elder

Godoy & Godoy Compression Sleeve in the Treatment of Arm Lymphedema: New Concepts for Materials

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study on a new low-elastic textile that fulfilled the criteria of fabrics for the manufacture of compression garments to treat lymphedema. The evolution of Godoy & Godoy compression sleeves was performed by following the patients treated for arm lymphedema. Sixty-six patients with ages ranging from 35 to 83 years and a mean of 58.8 years were included in this study. Diagnosis, by the clinical evaluation confirmed by the volumetry, was defined as a volume difference of more than 200 mL between the arms. All the participants were submitted to treatment sessions once, or two times weekly in an outpatient setting. The material used for the compression sleeve in this study was commercialized in Brazil under the name of Gorgurão(r). When high alterations in the pattern of sleeves were made, the patients were monitored by weekly volumetric assessments. The criterion to maintain the modifications in the design was that the hand did not present with edema. By the end of the study, the design of the sleeve was changed so as not to use compression therapy of the hands in 81.8% of the cases; 12.2% continued with compression of the hand, 3.0% stopped using compression completely and 3.0% used only a glove. Thus, Godoy & Godoy compression sleeves could be an efficient option for compression in the treatment of arm lymphedema as they provided better independence in day-to-day activities.

O quotidiano de enfermeiras na consulta em puericultura / Nurses’ everyday activities in a child care clinic / Cotidiano de enfermeras en la consulta en puericultura

Este estudo descritivo, qualitativo, norteado pela Sociologia Compreensiva, objetivou descrever o quotidiano de enfermeiras na consulta em puericultura e identificar fatores que influenciam a realização dessa consulta. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, dirigida a oito enfermeiras atuantes na consulta em puericultura, em unidades de atenção básica de um distrito de saúde do município de Salvador, Bahia, no período de março a abril de 2011. Os resultados demostraram que o quotidiano em puericultura é organizado, repetitivo, imprevisível, prazeroso, acessível, permeado por interação, orientação e afeto, possibilitando o acompanhamento da criança através de um trabalho em equipe e com autonomia. O contexto cultural, a equidade no atendimento, a acessibilidade e a infraestrutura são fatores que influenciam a consulta em puericultura. Conclui-se que, no quotidiano da puericultura, a enfermeira estabelece ações e interações com a criança e a família, promovendo a saúde, o cuidado efetivo e o respeito às diversidades ideológicas, sociais e culturais.

This qualitative descriptive study guided by Comprehensive Sociology aimed to describe nurses’ day-to-day in a child care clinic and identify the factors that influence the clinic process. From March to April 2011, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight nurses working in child care clinics at primary health care centers in a health district of Salvador, Bahia. The results demonstrated that everyday child care clinic activities are organized, repetitive, unpredictable, pleasurable, accessible, and permeated by interaction, guidance, and affection, making it possible to follow up the children through team work and with autonomy. Cultural context, equity in care, accessibility, and infrastructure are factors that influence the child care clinic. It was concluded that, in day-to-day child care, nurses establishes actions and interactions with child and family, promoting health, effective care, and respect for ideological, social, and cultural diversities.

Este estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, norteado por la Sociología Comprensiva, tuvo como objetivo describir el cotidiano de enfermeras en la consulta en puericultura e identificar los factores que influencian la consulta. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada con ocho enfermeras actuantes en la consulta en puericultura en unidades de atención básica de un distrito de salud de Salvador, Bahía-Brasil, de marzo a abril de 2011. Los resultados muestran que el cotidiano del cuidado es organizado, repetitivo, imprevisible, divertido, accesible, permeado por la interacción, afecto y orientación, que permite el seguimiento del niño mediante el trabajo en equipo y con autonomía. El contexto cultural, la equidad, la accesibilidad y la infraestructura influyen en la consulta. Se concluye que en el cotidiano de la puericultura, la enfermera establece acciones e interacciones con el niño y familia promoviendo la salud, el cuidado efectivo, respetando las diversidades ideológicas y socioculturales.

Capacidade funcional de idosos com doenças crônicas residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência / Functional ability of elderly with chronic diseases living in Long-Stay Institutions / Capacidad funcional de ancianos con enfermedades crónicas residentes en Instituciones de Longa Permanencia

O estudo objetivou descrever o desempenho funcional e a presença de doenças crônicas em 164 idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência, em Recife-PE, Brasil. Foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico, a Medida de Independência Funcional, a escala de Lawton e o Mini-mental. A análise de variância foi utilizada para avaliar as diferenças dos resultados. Os idosos eram predominantemente solteiros, mulheres, com baixa escolaridade. Entre os motivos de admissão destacaram-se: abandono, saúde frágil e vivência em rua. Encontrou-se alto percentual de doenças crônicas; 70% dos idosos eram dependentes para as atividades de vida diária, e todos eram dependentes para as atividades instrumentais. A demência foi o que mais afetou a funcionalidade, seguida das doenças osteoarticulares e do transtorno mental. Entre as atividades comprometidas destacaram-se o uso de escadas e o controle de esfíncteres, sendo a alimentação a de melhor desempenho. Verificou-se que os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram comprometimento funcional e situação de vulnerabilidade social.

The study aimed to describe the functional performance and the presence of chronic diseases in 164 elderly residents in long-stay institutions in Recife-PE, Brazil .A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Functional Independence Measurement, Lawton's scale and the Mini-Mental test were applied. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in performance. The elders were predominantly single, women, and with low educational level. Among the reasons for admission stood out: abandonment, fragile health and living in the streets. It was found a high percentage of chronic diseases; 70% of elders were dependent for activities of daily living; and all were dependent for instrumental activities. Dementia was the disease that most affected functionality, followed by the osteoarticulares diseases and mental disorder. It was highlighted, among the impaired activities, the use of stairs and the sphincter control, with eating as the best performance. It was found that the institutionalized elderly showed functional impairment and social vulnerability.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el desempeño funcional y la presencia de enfermedades crónicas en 164 ancianos de Instituciones de Larga Permanencia, en Recife-PE, Brasil. Fueron aplicados un cuestionario socio-demográfico, la Medida de Independencia Funcional, la escala de Lawton y el Mini-mental. El análisis de varianza fue utilizado para valuar las diferencias de los resultados. Los ancianos eran predominantemente solteros, mujeres y con baja escolaridad. Entre los motivos de admisión se destacaron: abandono, salud frágil y vivencia en la calle. Se encontró alto porcentual de enfermedades crónicas; 70% eran dependientes para las actividades de la vida diaria, y todos dependientes para las actividades instrumentales. La demencia fue la enfermedad que mas afectó la funcionalidad, seguida de las complicaciones osteoarticulares y del trastorno mental. Entre las actividades comprometidas se destaca el uso de escaleras y el control de esfínteres. La alimentación fue la actividad de mejor desempeño. Se verificó que los ancianos institucionalizados presentaron comprometimiento funcional y situación de vulnerabilidad social.

Exercícios físicos, força muscular e atividades de vida diária em mulheres idosas / Physical exercise, muscle strength and the day-to-day activities of elderly women

O objetivo foi investigar as relações entre força muscular nos membros inferiores e nos superiores, prática de exercícios físicos e atividades de vida diária em mulheres idosas recrutadas na comunidade. Um mil quinhentas e trinta e oito idosas com idade média = 72,07 ± 5,46, renda familiar média = 3,59 ± 3,96 SM, sem déficit cognitivo sugestivo de demência. Foram submetidas a medidas de força de preensão manual e velocidade de marcha; a itens de autorrelato sobre prática regular de exercícios físicos; de desempenho de 13 atividades avançadas de vida diária (AAVD) de natureza social (ex: trabalhar, viajar e frequentar igreja) e de 3 atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) manejar dinheiro, fazer compras e usar transporte, 1.538 idosas com idade média = 72,07 ± 5,46, renda familiar média = 3,59 ± 3,96 SM, sem déficit cognitivo sugestivo de demência. Foram preditivos de pior desempenho em atividades de vida diária (AVD): baixa força muscular (OR = 2,48 para comprometimento da preensão e da marcha e 1,66 para comprometimento em qualquer dos critérios), baixa renda (OR = 2,46 e 2,45 para < 1 e para 1,1 a 3,0 SM) e sedentarismo (OR 2,08). A funcionalidade de mulheres idosas é afetada pelo envelhecimento fisiológico e por condições contextuais e de estilo de vida.

The scope of this study was to investigate relationships between muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs, physical exercise, and functionality to perform complex activities of day-to-day life in elderly women recruited from the community. 1538 elderly women with mean age = 72.07 ± 5.46 and average household income = 3.59 ±3.96 MW, without cognitive deficit suggestive of dementia, were submitted to tests of grip strength and walking speed. They were asked to self-report on regular practice of physical exercise and performance of 13 social AADLs (e.g. working, travelling and church attendance) and 3 IADLs (handling money, doing the shopping and using public transport). The worst performance key factors were low grip strength and low gait speed in ADL (OR = 2.48 if both; OR = 1.66 if either were present), as well as low income (OR = 2.46 low income < 1 MW and = 2.45 to 1.1 and 3.0 MW) and sedentary life style (OR = 2.08). The functionality of elderly women is influenced by physiological aging, but also by contextual conditions and life style.

The clinical significance and assessment methods of glucose fluctuation / 中国实用内科杂志

More and more evidence shows that glucose fluctuation,independent of HbA1c,may play a significant role in the risk for diabetes complications.The purpose of this article is to introduce the assessment of glycemic fluctuation in four aspects,such as within-day blood glucose excursions,day-to-day blood glucose excursions,postprandial blood glucose excursions,and the risk of serious hypoglycemia.The indexes for assessment of within-day blood glucose excursions contain standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),time percentage of blood glucose excursions in a certain range,area under the curve or frequency distribution,the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions(LAGE),M-value,and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE);the indexes for assessment of day-to-day blood glucose excursions contain fasting plasma glucose-coefficient variation(FPG-CV),and absolute means of daily differences(MODD);the indexes for assessment of postprandial blood glucose excursions contain mean indices of meal excursions(MIME) and increase area under the curve(IAUC);the indexes for assessment of the risk of serious hypoglycemia contain low blood glucose index(LBGI).Rational choices should be made according to the feature of every index and the aim of assessment in Clinicians.