Analysis of death time of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the death time of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 【Methods】 The death time was calculated and analyzed using individual data and aggregated data through the daily notification of the epidemic situation and the death cases published on the website of the Heath Commission of China and provinces. 【Results】 In the 153 patients who died of COVID-19, the shortest time from onset to death was 4 days and the longest time was 50 days with the mean±standard deviation of (16.7±9.2) days. The median was 14 days and the 95% confidence interval was 4.6-42.9. The shortest time from admission to death was 1 day and the longest time was 50 days with the mean ± standard deviation of (12.1±7.8) days. The median was 11 days and the 95% confidence interval was 2-32.8. The time curve from diagnosis to death was skewed. The death time from diagnosis to death was 0 to 48 days with the mean ± standard deviation of (11.1±8.9) days. The median was 9 days, the interquartile interval was 10.5 days, and the 95% confidence interval was 0-35.4. It took 3 days from onset to admission and 1 day from admission to diagnosis. Aggregated data showed that the time from diagnosis to death of COVID-19 patients in China, China (except Hubei Province), Hubei Province and Wuhan City was 8, 9, 6 and 6 days, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The time from diagnosis to death of COVID-19 patients varied significantly, with the median time of 6-9 days in different regions.

Postmortem interval estimation based on Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in a forensic case in the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia / Intervalo pós-morte estimado a partir de Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) em um caso forense na Amazônia Andina, Caquetá, Colômbia

This is the first application of forensic entomology in a case involving a human corpse found in the urban area of the Municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Piedemont of the Colombian Amazon. Three days after removing the body from the scene, pupae and puparia were collected and identified as Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). The postmortem interval was estimated on the basis of previously published data and verified through accumulated degree hours (ADH) and intrapuparial development. The estimated minimum postmortem interval was of 229 hours (9.5 days).

Esta é a primeira aplicação da entomologia forense em um caso envolvendo um cadáver humano encontrado em uma área urbana do Município de Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, no Piedemonte da Amazônia Colombiana. Três dias após a remoção do corpo da área, pupas e pupários foram coletados e identificados como Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). O intervalo pós-morte (IPM) foi estimado com base em dados publicados previamente e verificado usando graus-horas acumulados (GHA) e desenvolvimento intrapuparial. O intervalo pós-morte mínimo estimado foi de 229 horas (9.5 dias).

Analysis on the death time of elderly hospitalized inpatients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To examine the time patterns and seasonality of death of hospitalized elderly patients and to propose proactive management measures.Methods Data were collected on 449 patients aged 60 years and over who had died between August of 2009 to August of 2013 during hospitalization at the Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University.The seasonality and time patterns of the patients' deaths were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pulmonary infections(175 cases,38.97％)and malignant tumors(162 cases,36.08％)were the leading causes of death.Deaths from pulmonary infections were more frequent in spring and summer while deaths caused by malignant tumors were more frequent in summer,but the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The peak times of death in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were between 23:00 pm to 7:00 am (x2 =11.10 and 14.19,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusions Pulmonary infections and malignant tumors are the main causes of death in elderly inpatients,which most often occurs during the latter half of the night in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Postmortem Redistribution of Avermectin in Acute Poisoning death of Rabitts / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the postmortem redistribution of Avermectin in acute poisoning death of rabitts. Methods According to the minimum lethal dose intragastric of 250mg/kg avermectin, the avermectin contents in the heart blood and major organs and tissues of the rabitts after death of 0h~72h were assayed by HPLC method. Results Determination of clinical death time was 120.6±9.2min(x±s, n=10)by intragastric 250mg/kg avermectin to the rabitts; Lethal blood concentrations and lethal tissue concentrations of Avermectin were determined; Presence of postmortem redistribution of avermectin contents in the heart blood and major organs and tissues of the rabitts after death of 0h~72h were proved; Determination of the liver, kidney and lung were the best tissue samples for toxicological anaysis. Conclusion The data of Avermectin postmortem redistribution in the rabbits have important reference value for the forensic management of such cases.

A retrospective study of emergency department mortality of a tertiary general hospital from 2004 to 2014 in Shandong province / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To determine the trend of emergency department (ED)mortality of a tertiary general hospital from 2004 to 2014 in order to find the factors that may impact on ED mortality.Methods Mortality in ED was estimated according to the ratio of ED visiting patients to ED deaths.And the data of all ED deaths in 2004,2009 and 2014 were collected.Variance analysis and chi-square test were used for data analysis.Results During the past decade,ED visiting patients was increased significantly by 38.0% in 2014,compared with those in 2004,and the mortality was also increased accordingly from 0.7% in 2004, to 0.9% in 2009,to 1.2% in 2014 (P <0.01).Finally,a total of 1,091 deaths occurred in these three years were included for further evaluation.There were no significant changes in average age and gender distribution,and the average age was 61.9 and the male /female ratio was 1.36∶1 during past decade.The number of adults under 40 years old (18 -39)increased from 7.5% in 2004,to 10.6% in 2009,to 14.4% in 2014 (P <0.05).Both the facilities were upgraded and the number of staffs in ED increased markedly.The cardiovascular illness,cerebrovascular diseases,and sudden death were the leading causes of ED death during past decade.The incidences of trauma and tumor remained unchanged.Average time consumed from onset of illness to arrival to ED didn’t vary significantly during past decade.The study showed no changes in use of ambulance,but remarkable increases in number of non-compliant patients or their family from 18.3% in 2004,to 25.6% in 2009,to 38.3% in 2014 (P <0.01).The percentage of patients in the night time was higher,but there were no significant changes in number of emergency patients in the night time and during holidays in the past decade,but the mean ED stay time increased obviously from 22.4 h in 2004 to 53.3 h in 2014 (P <0.05 ).Conclusions During the past decade,although ED facilities and number of staffs have been improved apparently,ED mortality rate still keeps on escalating. The increase in ED mortality rate may be related to the severely ill patients presenting to ED,the obvious decrease in compliance of patients and the prolonged ED stay time.

The In-vitro Assessment of Antihelmentic profile of Ethanolic Extract of Atrocarpus hetrophyllus leaf (Moracae).

The plant Atrocarpus hetrophyllus belonging to the family Moracae is a tropical evergreen plant of its own kind. The plant shows various medicinal properties and its phytochemical analysis shows that it has various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, fixed oils, proteins, phytosterols,etc. The anthelmenthic study was performed using earthworms due to anatomical and physiological similarity with the intestinal roundworms of human beings. The reaction time was noted as paralysis time and death time for all the concentrations and compared with standard albendazole.