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Resumo O artigo versa sobre ética e bioética com foco no trabalhador e no trabalho em saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Traz de forma inédita o debate sobre as desigualdades sociais e econômicas, evidenciadas no mundo, quanto ao acesso a vacinas, medicamentos, testes, EPIs, entre outros, que trouxeram sofrimento e morte. A disputa por esses produtos ocorreu em escala global e países produtores fecharam seus mercados e a dependência comercial levou a situações dramáticas. Durante a pandemia, diversas questões éticas foram evidenciadas: conflitos, dilemas e infrações éticas ocorreram em diferentes situações como nos ambientes de assistência à saúde, na relação entre gestores e trabalhadores de saúde, no âmbito das equipes de saúde e destas para com a sociedade. O artigo também traz o polêmico debate se as mortes ocasionadas pela COVID-19 no Brasil devem ser encaradas como fenômenos biológicos ou sociais: fatalidade, homicídio, mistanásia ou eutanásia social. O artigo conclui que na gestão pública é imperativo que seja aplicada a Ética da Responsabilidade e a Humanização do Cuidado. Nesse contexto de incertezas e desafios para a humanidade é fundamental a participação da sociedade em torno de uma agenda pautada por princípios éticos, dignidade humana, meio ambiente e democracia, com políticas públicas e econômicas inclusivas.
Abstract The article is about ethics and bioethics with a focus on the health worker and health work in the context of the pandemic of COVID-19 in Brazil. It brings in an unprecedented debate on social and economic inequalities, evidenced in the world, regarding access to vaccines, medicines, tests, PPE, among others, which brought suffering and death. The dispute for these products occurred on a global scale and producing countries closed their markets and commercial dependence led to dramatic situations. During the pandemic, several ethical issues were evidenced: conflicts, dilemmas, and ethical infractions occurred in different situations, such as in health care settings, in the relationship between managers and health care workers, within health care teams, and between health care teams and society. The article also brings the polemic debate whether the deaths caused by COVID-19 in Brazil should be seen as biological or social phenomena: fatality, homicide, mysthanasia or social euthanasia. The article concludes that in public management it is imperative that the Ethics of Responsibility and Humanization of Care be applied. In this context of uncertainties and challenges for humanity, it is fundamental the participation of society around an agenda guided by ethical principles, human dignity, environment, and democracy, with inclusive public and economic policies.
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Medical ethics education along with attitude and communication training has been incorporated into the regular MBBS curriculum in India from 2019, so as to encourage a caring and communicative approach by doctors towards patients. It would be important to understand the relevance of the educational module in the form of cases to ensure an optimal learning process for future students and doctors in the making. We selected three cases and conducted online debates among small groups of second year MBBS students. Students submitted narratives and their reflections after discussing each case and gave overall feedback. Our findings suggested that the students recognised the complexity of taking decisions when presented with ethical dilemmas and appreciated the opportunity to voice opposing views. The online platform was effective and may be considered in the future as a medium to help integrate discussions on medical ethics alongside clinical work.
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Resumo O debate sobre o trabalho tem ocupado, nos últimos anos, um espaço importante nas abordagens das Ciências do Trabalho, principalmente naquelas desenvolvidas pelo CNAM-Paris (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers) ou inspiradas por essa escola. Disciplinas como a Ergonomia, a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho ou a Clínica da Atividade têm apresentado métodos que desenvolvem o debate do e no trabalho, de maneira a compreender a atividade realizada, bem como contribuir com transformações das situações de trabalho. Apesar disso, a literatura é relativamente escassa no que concerne às particularidades do debate em cada uma dessas disciplinas e de seus métodos. Com isso, o objetivo deste ensaio é buscar compreender o que compõe o debate nas abordagens das Ciências do Trabalho e também qual o seu potencial, identificando as particularidades inerentes a cada uma delas. É possível notar que existem semelhanças - como a centralidade analítica das contradições no debate - mas também muitas singularidades entre as disciplinas e seus métodos, tais como o funcionamento dos espaços em que o debate ocorre e a maneira com a qual ele é capaz de analisar a atividade e transformar o trabalho. Por fim, defendemos a necessidade de incorporação das especificidades do debate nas pesquisas sobre o tema, evitando assim cacofonias sobre o assunto.
Abstract The debate on work has occupied, in recent years, an important space in the approaches to Labor Sciences, especially those developed by CNAM-Paris (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers) or inspired by this school. Disciplines such as Ergonomics, Psychodynamics of Work, or Activity Clinic have presented methods that develop the debate of and at work, to understand the activity performed, and to contribute to the transformation of work situations. Despite this, the literature is scarce regarding the particularities of the debate in each of these disciplines and their methods. Thus, the objective of this essay is to seek to understand what makes up the debate in the approaches of the Work Sciences and its potential, identifying the particularities inherent to each one of them. It is possible to notice that there are similarities - such as the analytical centrality of the contradictions in the debate - but also many singularities between the disciplines and their methods, such as the functioning of the spaces in which the debate takes place and the way in which it is able to analyze the activity and transform work situations. Finally, we defend the need to incorporate the specificities of the debate in research on the subject, thus avoiding cacophonies on the subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Science , Work , Congresses as Topic , Methodology as a Subject , ErgonomicsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application of debate-based immersive experiential teaching in the nursing practice teaching of stomatology.Methods:A total of 82 nursing interns of stomatology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected as research subjects and were then divided into control group and observation group using the lottery method, with 41 interns in each group. The interns in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received debate-based immersive experiential teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of the scores of comprehensive evaluation indices, nursing thinking ability, empathy ability, and recognition of teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significant increases in the scores of theoretical examination, operation examination, nursing medical record writing, reading report writing, basic nursing, communication ability, and comprehensive performance and the total score of these dimensions ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group also had significant increases in the scores of nursing thinking ability and empathy ability ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher degree of recognition of teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the nursing practice teaching of stomatology, debate-based immersive experiential teaching can improve the comprehensive ability, nursing thinking ability, and empathy ability of interns, with a relatively high degree of recognition of teaching.
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RESUMEN La cuestión del empleo de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva es un tema de debate actual. La comunidad médica científica, nacional e internacional, participa activamente en el mismo a través de la publicación de artículos científicos que abordan la complejidad y sutileza de los asuntos relacionados con su indicación como medida de soporte vital a utilizar en determinados enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda o crónica, de diversas etiologías. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo resaltar la necesidad de una reflexión basada en una fundamentación biomédica, científica y humanista sobre el uso de la ventilación mecánica, sustentada en los sólidos principios de la eticidad, para alcanzar soluciones viables y precisas que faciliten un mayor grado de consenso sobre este polémico asunto.
ABSTRACT The question of the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation is a topic of current debate. The scientific national and international medical community takes active part in it through the publication of scientific articles that approach the complexity and subtlety of its indication like a vital support to be used in certain patients with acute or chronic respiratory insufficiency of several different etiologies. The main aim of this work was to stand out the necessity of a reflection based on biomedical, scientific, humanistic grounds on the use of mechanical ventilation sustained on solid ethical principles, to reach viable and precise solutions that facilitate a bigger consent degree on this polemic topic.
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Over the past 20 years, there have been substantial divergences in academia around the world on the issue of whether bacteria have transcription factors (TFs). The traditional view is that bacteria do not have TFs, and their transcriptional activators and/or repressors regulate the transcription initiation, and TFs only bind to eukaryotic promoters. The typical representative of the traditional view is the mainstream international textbooks of Biochemistry and Molecular biology edited by some academic authorities. However, the new idea is that DNA binding transcriptional activators and repressors in bacteria are TFs, and the content and importance of which are no less than those of eukaryotes. Although the new idea has long been common in academic papers published in international academic journals, many scholars still have doubts. The concept of " transcription factor", like many terms of molecular biology, is constantly updated with the development of sciences, from narrowly-defined sense to broadly-defined sense. In the beginning, people thought that TFs were only necessary for the transcription initiation of eukaryotic genes, and bacteria did not need TFs. It was understandable that bacteria were excluded from the TFs’ scope of application at that time. The rich scientific research achievements in the past 40 years have proved that a large number of transcriptional activators and repressors bind to cis-regulatory elements other than promoters, including enhancers, silencers, and insulators in eukaryotes, as well as a variety of positive and negative regulatory elements in bacteria. These transcriptional regulatory proteins conform to all the basic characteristics of TFs, which make them worthy of the name " transcription factors". Therefore, the new idea is scientific, reasonable, and should be widely accepted and adopted by the academic community. In the future, whether the concept of " transcription factor " will be further expanded to chromatin-modifying proteins such as histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and ncRNAs, and even to " elongation factors" and " termination factors" of transcription, we should be open to this issue.
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RESUMEN Este artículo aborda el proceso de generación de diálogo, debate y reflexión sobre Violencias Basadas en Género (VBG) en adolescentes del municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno (Bolívar), en el marco de la realización de un piloto de la estrategia de edu-entretenimiento y Movilización Social "Revelados desde todas las posiciones", implementada en varios municipios de Colombia. A través de grupos focales, entrevistas y la técnica de Most Significant Change se identificaron, entre otros hallazgos, las distintas formas como se expresa la VBG en la población adolescente y joven, así como la importancia de la articulación de los talleres para profundizar conocimientos, con el teatro como catalizador de emociones, así como con la producción de televisión como escenario de participación para trabajar en torno a la VBG. Estos hallazgos enriquecen la evidencia previa en torno a cómo la Comunicación para el Cambio Social y de Comportamiento y particular el edu-entretenimiento y la movilización social pueden aportar desde el diálogo, el debate y la reflexión a la prevención y disminución de las VBG en la población adolescente y joven.
ABSTRACT This article examines the process of generating dialogue, debate, and reflection on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in adolescents in the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno (Bolívar), within the framework of the realization of an edutainment and social mobilization pilot strategy named "Revealed from all positions," implemented in several municipalities in Colombia. Focus groups, interviews, and the Most Significant Change technique were used in this study to identify the different ways in which GBV is being expressed among the adolescent and young population. Among other findings, the study identified the importance of articulating workshops to deepen knowledge by using theater as a catalyst for emotions and television production as a setting to promote participation to work around GBV. These findings enrich the previous evidence regarding how Communication for Social and Behavioral Change, particularly education, entertainment, and social mobilization, can contribute through dialogue, debate, and reflection to prevent and reduce GBV in adolescents and the young population.
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Humans , Education , Population , EmotionsABSTRACT
A investigação objetivou compreender os significados atribuídos por estudantes do Terceiro Ano do Ensino Médio (EM) às suas experiências nas aulas de Educação Física (EF) durante a Educação Básica. Construímos os conhecimentos por meio da análise de documentos, da observação participante, dos diários de campo e do grupo de discussão. Analisamos e discutimos os conteúdos aprendidos nas aulas de EF, os significados da EF escolar e as relações com a vida cotidiana, bem como intentamos compreender essas aulas como espaço de relações interpessoais. O diálogo e os vínculos nas aulas de EF foram considerados fundamentais para que os conteúdos fossem mais interessantes e mais significativos.
The research aimed to understand the significance Third Year High School (HS) students attributed to their experiences in Physical Education (PE) classes during Basic Education. We build knowledge through document analysis, participant observation, field diaries and the discussion group. We analyse and discuss the content learned in PE classes, the significance of school PE and its relationships with daily life, and PE classes as a space for interpersonal relationships. Dialogue and links in PE classes were considered key to making the content more interesting and meaningful.
La investigación tenía como objetivo comprender los significados atribuidos por los estudiantes del Tercer Año de la Enseñanza Media (EM) a sus experiencias en las clases de Educación Física (EF) durante la Educación Básica. Desarrollamos conocimiento a través del análisis de documentos, de la observación participante, de diarios de campo y de grupos de debate. Analizamos y discutimos los contenidos aprendidos en las clases de EF, los significados de la EF en la escuela y las relaciones con la vida diaria, y las clases de EF como un espacio de relaciones interpersonales. El diálogo y los vínculos en las clases de educación física se consideraron clave para hacer que los contenidos sean más interesante y significativos.
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Physical Education and Training , Education, Primary and Secondary , Interpersonal Relations , SportsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La enseñanza de la Medicina vinculada al cine aporta un pensamiento estético, proveyendo así de recursos para movilizar su gestión en función del estado de salud de la población, a favor de la calidad de vida y la sostenibilidad en los escenarios en los que debe actuar como médicos. Objetivo: Valorar la aplicación del cine debate en la formación cultural del estudiante de Medicina. Método: Se aplicaron instrumentos que permitieron constatar la existencia de limitaciones y dificultades en la utilización del debate de materiales audiovisuales en la formación de estudiantes de Medicina. Se diseñó y aplicó un sistema de cine debate en la que participaron estudiantes de cuarto año de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2017 a febrero de 2018. Resultados: Se ofrecen las propuestas de cine debate con sus objetivos y acciones a cumplimentar por los estudiantes. Conclusiones: El debate de materiales audiovisuales constituye una herramienta de apoyo en la formación de los estudiantes de Medicina, pues favorece una mayor calidad profesional y contribuye a enriquecer su acervo cultural. De esta manera el estudiante se convierte en agente protagónico de su preparación al estimular su conocimiento, su mentalidad inquisitiva y el interés gnoseológico que lo conduce de la ciencia a la vida en provecho de una postura ética ante la población con la que ha de interactuar propiciando el logro de una adecuada competencia profesional.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The education of the Medicine related to the movies contributes of an esthetical thought, providing resources to mobilize its management according to the state of health of the population, in favour of the quality of life and the sustainability. Objective: The objective is to value the use of the debate of audiovisual materials in students' Medicine cultural formation. Method: Instruments that allowed to state the existence of limitations and difficulties in the use of the debate of audiovisual materials in the students' Medicine formation were applied. It was designed and applied a movies-debates system in which students of the fourth year of the faculty of Medicine Not. 1 of Santiago de Cuba participated between September, 2017 and February, 2018. Results: The movies-debates proposals were offered with their objectives and actions to complete by the students. Conclusions: The audiovisual materials debate constitutes a support tool in the formation of the students of Medicine, since it favors a major professional quality and helps to enrich their cultural background. This way, the student turns into leading agent of his preparation while stimulating his knowledge, his inquisitive mentality and the gnoseologic interest that leads him from science to life benefiting of an ethical position before the population with whom it has to interact propitiating the achievement of a suitable professional competence.
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Background: There is much debate regarding the importance of promoting the use of cheaper generic alternatives over brand-name drugs. While generic drugs have been noted to be comparable to brand-name drugs in their ability to treat conditions, significant debate surrounding their bioavailability or the concentration of the drug that reaches its site of action has arisen. Many experts continue to believe that generic and brand-name drugs are bioequivalent and equally viable options for effective drug treatment, as assumed in this review.Methods: Prices of commonly used branded and generic medicines in same concentration, dosage form and combination were compared with the help of Indian Drug Review, brochures of pharmaceuticals and pharmacies and Jan Aushadhi price list 2017. Mean of all the prices available of branded and generic medicine were calculated and the percentage difference in the mean costs of generic and branded medicines were calculated.Results: The mean cost of 47 branded medicines out of the selected 50 medicines was higher than their generic versions. Mean cost of 3 generic medicines was higher than branded ones. Percentage difference in the mean costs of branded and generic medicines varied from <10% to >70%.Conclusions: This study has shown a very noteworthy difference of prices between branded and generic drugs. Efforts should be taken to promote the generic medication. Misconception about low efficacy with generic drugs should be erased.
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Resumen El objetivo es comparar las figuras del mercenarismo y de las Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas (CMSP), para de ahí contemplar la opción de una potencial tipificación jurídica para estas últimas. Para este fin, se recurre a una metodología en un doble sentido. Por un lado, se realiza una representación histórica del mercenarismo, en la que se contrastan las visiones sobre lo que esta figura simboliza y de cómo desde la literatura académica esas representaciones contradictorias también permean el debate sobre las CMSP. Por el otro lado, se propone un análisis de contenido de los instrumentos convencionales, jurisprudenciales y doctrinales del derecho internacional, para entender las dinámicas jurídicas y políticas que afectan en mayor medida el intento de regulación de las CMSP. La conclusión a la que se llegará apunta a que la importancia de adelantar un debate teórico-conceptual sobre el mercenarismo y las CMSP resulta estéril en la medida en que ninguna de las dos figuras cuenta con un sistema de regulación adecuado.
Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the concepts of mercenarism and the Private Military Security Companies (abbreviated in Spanish CMSP) to considering the possibility of a potential juridical classification for the PMSCs. A double methodology is implemented to reach this aim. On the one hand, a mercenarism historical representation is developed.The views upon what mercenarism symbolizes are compared in this representation, and how these contradictory representations have permeated the debate on the PMSCs from the academic literature. On the other hand, an analysis is conducted with regard to the conventional, legal and doctrinal instruments of the international law to understanding the juridical dynamics and policies, which affect in great measure the intention of regulating the PMSCs. The conclusión emphasizes in the unproductiveness of developing a conceptual-theoretical debate on mercenarism and the PMSCs, since these two concepts do not have a correct regulatory system.
Resumo O objetivo é comparar as figuras do mercenarismo e das Companhias Militares e de Segurança Privadas (CMSP), para daí considerar a opção de uma potencial tipificação jurídica para essas últimas. Para esse propósito, se recorre a uma metodologia em um sentido duplo. Por um lado, se realiza a representação histórica do mercenarismo, na qual se contrastam as visões sobre o que essa figura simboliza e como a partir da literatura académica essas representações contraditórias também permeiam o debate sobre as CMSP. Por outro lado, propõe-se uma análise do conteúdo dos instrumentos convencionais, jurisprudenciais e doutrinais do direito internacional, para entender as dinâmicas jurídicas e políticas que afeitam em maior medida o intento de regulação das CMSP. A conclusão a que se chegará aponta que a importância de desenvolver um debate teórico-conceptual sobre o mercenarismo e as CMSP é estéril na medida em que nenhuma das duas figuras conta com um sistema de regulação adequado.
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Social Sciences , International Law , Human Rights , Military PersonnelABSTRACT
Resumen La "prostitución" es una de las grandes preocupaciones del feminismo, y la postura en relación a la misma ha polarizado a las feministas como casi ninguna otra cuestión. En Argentina, este debate tuvo como uno de sus primeros escenarios al Encuentro Nacional de Mujeres (ENM), que se realiza todos los años desde 1986, nucleando a miles de mujeres, algunas de las cuales se identifican en distintos grados con el feminismo -esto varía de año a año- y que por tres días discuten las problemáticas que consideran relevantes para el movimiento de mujeres. En este trabajo, estudio los cambios y las continuidades en los debates sobre "prostitución" en el ENM, prestando atención a cómo los mismos se relacionan, tanto con la mutación en las preocupaciones públicas nacionales, como con la variación de las reivindicaciones de los feminismos. Reflexiono sobre qué perspectivas sobre el sexo comercial han tenido (o no) lugar y qué feminidades se han construido como legítimas para reclamar derechos. El corpus de fuentes está compuesto por las nóminas de talleres y los libros de conclusiones de los 32º ENM, así como por los debates que han circulado en las redes sociales a raíz del pedido de la Asociación de Mujeres Meretrices de la Argentina por reincorporar el taller "Mujer y trabajo sexual" en el 31° ENM (2016); y por registros etnográficos de cuatro talleres sobre "prostitución" en los cuales he participado.
Resumo A "prostituição" é uma das principais preocupações do feminismo, e a posição em relação a ela polarizou as feministas como quase nenhuma outra questão. Na Argentina este debate teve como um de seus primeiros cenários o Encontro Nacional de Mulheres (ENM), realizado todos os anos desde 1986, reunindo milhares de mulheres, algumas das quais se identificam em diferentes graus com o feminismo - algo que varia de ano para ano. Durante três dias elas discutem questões que consideram relevantes para o movimento de mulheres. Neste trabalho analiso as mudanças e continuidades em discussões sobre "prostituição" no ENM, dando atenção à forma como elas se relacionam com as mudanças nas preocupações públicas nacionais e com as diferentes reivindicações dos feminismos. Reflito sobre quais perspectivas sobre sexo comercial tiveram ou não lugar e quais feminilidades foram construídas como legítimas para reivindicar direitos. O corpus de fontes é composto pelas listas de oficinas e pelos livros de conclusões dos 32º ENM, bem como os debates que circularam nas redes sociais após o pedido de Associação de Mulheres Prostitutas da Argentina para reincorporar a oficina "Mulher e trabalho sexual" no 31º ENM (2016); e por registros etnográficos de quatro oficinas sobre "prostituição" das quais participei.
Abstract "Prostitution" is one of the major concerns of feminism, and a polarizing one. In Argentina this debate has had as one of its first stages the National Women's Encounter (ENM in the original), held annually since 1986. This self-organized and horizontal Encounter brings together thousands of women, some of whom identify in different degrees with feminism-this varies from year to year. During three days they discuss issues they consider relevant to the women's movement. In this paper I study the changes and continuities in the debates on prostitution in the NWE, paying attention to how they relate to changes in national public concerns and in the claims of feminism. I analyze perspectives on commercial sex and the models of womanhood constructed as legitimate regarding rights. Sources include workshop lists and the conclusions books of the 32nd ENM, as well as the debates that have circulated in the social networks following the request from the Argentine Association of Prostitute Women to reincorporate the workshop "Women and sex work" on 31st ENM (2016); and ethnographic records of four workshops on "prostitution" in which I participated.
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Humans , Female , Argentina , Sex Work , Civil Rights , Congresses as Topic , Feminism , Political Activism , Social Desirability , SexualityABSTRACT
Objective: Evaluate the relevance and efficiency of socio-educational video debate technology as a strategy to promote active aging. Methodology: Convergent care research was conducted with 16 elderly users of a basic health unit in Belém, to implement the technology by selecting YouTube videos, which were analyzed and discussed, seeking to coordinate the video plot of each video with determining factors of active aging, principles of continuing education, and life experience of the elderly participants. Results: The following categories emerged from debates: "Learning how to know oneself," "Learning how to do things differently," "Learning how to live with others," and "Learning to how to be a better person." The video debate allowed behavioral changes in nutrition and relationship, as evaluated using the lifestyle scale, before and after the video debate. Conclusion: Video debate technology proved to be efficient and relevant as it allowed the elderly to reflect in groups by sharing ideas, learning together and building new strategies for active aging.
Objetivo: Evaluar la pertinencia y eficacia de la tecnología socioeducativa de videodebate como estrategia para la cultura del envejecimiento activo. Método: Investigación Convergente Asistencial, con dieciséis pacientes ancianos de una Unidad Básica de Salud de Belém. Para implementar la tecnología, fueron seleccionados vídeos en YouTube, que fueron apreciados y debatidos, buscando articular la relación de cada vídeo con factores determinantes del envejecimiento activo, principios de la educación continuada y con experiencias de vida de los participantes. Resultados: De los debates, surgieron las categorías: "aprender a conocerse a sí mismo", "aprender a hacerlo diferente", aprender a convivir con el otro", "aprender a ser mejor". El videodebate permitió cambios; entre otros, los conductuales en los dominios nutrición y relación, evaluados por escala de estilo de vida, pre y post videodebate. Conclusión: La tecnología resultó eficaz y pertinente, permitiendo la reflexión grupal: compartiendo ideas, aprendiendo juntos y construyendo nuevas estrategias para el envejecimiento activo.
Objetivo: Avaliar a pertinência e eficácia da tecnologia socioeducacional de videodebate como estratégia no cultivo do envelhecimento ativo. Método: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial realizada com dezesseis usuários idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Belém, para implementar a tecnologia, selecionando-se vídeos encontrados no YouTube os quais foram apreciados e debatidos, buscando-se articular o enredo de cada vídeo com fatores determinantes do envelhecimento ativo, com princípios da educação permanente e com experiência de vida dos idosos participantes. Resultados: Dos debates, emergiram categorias: "aprender a conhecer a si mesmo", "aprender a fazer diferente", "aprender a conviver com o outro", "aprender a ser melhor". O videodebate permitiu mudanças, entre outras, as comportamentais nos domínios nutrição e relacionamento, avaliadas pela escala de estilo de vida, pré/pós videodebate. Conclusão: Essa tecnologia mostrou-se eficaz e pertinente porque permitiu aos idosos refletirem em grupo, compartilhando idéias, aprendendo juntos e construindo novas estratégias para o envelhecer ativo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Health of the Elderly , Science, Technology and Society , Healthy Aging , Geriatric Nursing/education , Geriatric Nursing/trendsABSTRACT
Este texto visa apresentar o potencial da modalidade de Teatro Espontâneo, nomeada Teatro-Debate (T-D), desenvolvida pelo psicodramatista Moysés C. de Aguiar Netto e outros profissionais da época, aplicada e difundida pela Companhia do Teatro Espontâneo, também criada pelo próprio autor no Brasil. Assim, discorre-se aqui perspectivas acerca do Teatro Espontâneo, do Teatro-Debate e também é apresentado um breve relato da experiência de um Teatro-Debate realizado no espaço educacional com um público, em sua maioria, não psicodramatista.
This text aims to present the potential of the Spontaneous Theater modality, named Debate-Theatre (T-D), developed by the psychodramatist Moysés C. de Aguiar Netto and other professionals of the time, applied and diffused by the Companhia do Teatro Espontâneo, also created by the author in Brazil. Thus, perspectives on the Spontaneous Theater and the Debate-Theatre are discussed here and then a brief report of the experience of a Debate-Theatre carried out in the educational space is presented with a mostly non-psychodramatist audience.
Este texto presentará el potencial de la modalidad de Teatro Espontáneo, llamada Teatro-Debate (T-D), desarrollada por el psicodramatista Moysés C. de Aguiar Netto y otros profesionales contemporaneos al mismo, aplicado y difundido por la Companhia do Teatro Espontâneo, también creada por el própio autor del T-D en Brasil. Así, se discuten aquí perspectivas acerca del Teatro Espontáneo, del Teatro-Debate y, luego, se presenta un breve relato de experiencia de un Teatro-Debate hecho en un espacio educativo con un público, en su mayoría, no psicodramatista.
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Este artigo trata da relação entre o imaginário do cinema sobre a velhice e a vivência do envelhecimento num processo de cine-debate, no Distrito Federal. Objetiva-se a discussão da velhice em filmes contemporâneos e das representações sociais dos participantes. A metodologia do trabalho articula a pesquisa participante com a expressão construtivista de saberes a partir da apresentação e discussão de sete filmes em 2014 com aproximadamente 50 pessoas idosas, em média, por sessão. O projeto fundamentou-se na "construção do espectador emancipado" (RANCIÈRE, 2008) e na ressignificação da velhice. Os temas relevantes (BARDIN, 2008) evidenciados a posteriori, a partir expressões dos participantes, foram: a família é fundamental; a felicidade pode existir no entardecer da vida; a velhice é continuidade da vida; a experiência do cine-debate propicia trocas e amizades e; é preciso ter um projeto de vida. Os temas repercutem as histórias apresentadas, mas vão além da representação imediata da velhice, pois se ancoram na família, na amizade e nos projetos de vida. (AU)
This article deals with the relation between the imaginary of the cinema on the old age and the experience of the aging in a process of cinema-debate, in the Federal District. Its objective is the discussion of old age in contemporary films and the social representations of the participants. The methodology articulates the participant research with the constructivist expression of knowledge from the presentation and discussion of seven films in 2014 with approximately 90 elderly people per session. The project was based on the "construction of the emancipated spectator" (RANCIÈRE, 2008) and the resignification of old age. The relevant themes (BARDIN, 2008), evidenced a posteriori, from the expressions of the participants were: the family is fundamental; happiness can exist in the evening of life; old age is the continuity of life; the experience of cinema-debate promotes exchanges and friendships; you have to have a life project. The themes reverberate the stories presented, but go beyond the immediate representation of old age, because they anchor in the family, the friendship and the projects of life. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aging , Motion Pictures/statistics & numerical data , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
Resumen Es intenso el debate sobre legalización de la marihuana para usos terapéuticos, que busca minimizar la criminalización del usuario. Paradójicamente, a pesar de la evidencia de efectos nocivos de la marihuana su consumo aumenta, hay altas prevalencias de vida y surgen variedades más potentes y peligrosas de cannabis. Objetivo: Analizar la información disponible sobre marihuana, describiendo la evidencia que existe y, de esta manera, aportar al debate actual sobre la legalización de esta sustancia para usos medicinales en Colombia. Metodología: Revisión sobre componentes de la marihuana, efectos y evidencia terapéutica. Resultados: La planta contiene más de 400 compuestos activos y de la mayoría se desconoce su toxicidad. Contiene, además, unos 66 cannabinoides. Hay alguna evidencia del efecto medicinal de algunos compuestos, pero, falta investigación. Una cosa son cannabinoides sintéticos y derivados de la planta, otra el consumo de la "yerba". Discusión: Componentes benéficos de la planta no pueden, hasta hoy, separarse de los tóxicos. En uso terapéutico o recreativo se ingieren unos y otros. Cannabinoides producen en humanos un síndrome que altera funciones cerebrales como memoria, estado de ánimo, sueño, atención, humor, coordinación, cognición, percepción del tiempo y distorsión de la información, entre otras alteraciones, además de generar dependencia, tolerancia, adicción y síndrome de abstinencia, todas ya probadas. Conclusiones: el desconocimiento de efectos adversos del uso de la planta de marihuana como medicamento, sin conocer muy bien qué se está consumiendo, plantea importantes riesgos para la salud.
Abstract Currently there is an intense debate regarding the legalization of marijuana for therapeutic uses seeking to decrease consumer criminalization. Paradoxically, despite the evidence of hazardous effects of marijuana with high prevalence of life, and new varieties of more powerful and more dangerous cannabis. Objective: To analyze the available information on marijuana describing the evidence that exists and, in this way, contribute to the current debate on the legalization of this substance for medicinal uses in Colombia Methodology: This study is a bibliographical review based on the components of marijuana, adverse effects and evidence of therapeutic effects. Results: The marijuana plant contains more than 400 active components, the toxicity of the majority of these components is unknown, and it also contains approximately 66 cannabinoids. There is scientific evidence of the medicinal effect of some components, yet there is still not enough research. One thing is synthetic cannabinoids from pharmaceutical research and derived from the marijuana plant, and another thing is the use of the plant as "weed". Discussion: Technically up-to-date, the beneficial components of the marijuana plant cannot be separated from the toxic ones, so when it is used for therapeutic or recreational purposes people ingest both. Cannabinoids produce in human beings a syndrome which alters important brain functions like memory, mood, sleep, attention, humor, coordination, cognition, time perception, and distortion of information, among others. This also includes dependence, tolerance, addiction and withdrawal syndromes already proven. Conclusions: A lack of knowledge of the adverse effects of the use of the marijuana plant as such poses a serious health risk when used as medication without knowing exactly what a person is using.
Resumo Atualmente, existe um debate intenso sobre a legalização da maconha para usos terapêuticos, visando minimizar a criminalização do consumidor. Paradoxalmente, apresar da evidência dos efeitos negativos, o consumo e a prevalência da maconha aumentam. Também surgem novas de variedades de cânabis, mais potentes e perigosas. Objetivo : analisar a informação disponível sobre a maconha descrevendo a evidência de que existe e, assim, contribuir para o actual debate sobre a legalização da substância para uso médico na Colômbia Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica sobre os componentes na maconha, efeitos adversos e evidência de efeitos terapêuticos. Resultados: A planta de maconha tem mais de 400 compostos ativos e a toxicidade da maioria deles é desconhecida. Além disso, contém 66 canabinóides. Existe alguma evidencia científica sobre o efeito medicinal dalguns compostos, mais ainda é preciso pesquisar mais. O consumo da "erva" diferencia-se dos canabinóides sintéticos e dos derivados da planta da maconha produzidos através de pesquisa farmacêutica. Discussão: Neste momento, os componentes benéficos da maconha não podem ser separados tecnicamente dos tóxicos. Por isso, consumi-la para usos terapêuticos ou recreativo implica ingerir tanto uma coisa quanto a outra. Nos humanos, os canabinóides produzem uma síndrome que desvirtua a informação e altera funções cerebrais importantes: a memória, o temperamento, o sonho, a atenção, o humor, a coordenação, a cognição, a percepção do tempo, entre outras. Além da dependência, já se comprovaram a tolerância, a adição e a síndrome de abstinência. Conclusões: poderiam surgir importantes riscos para a saúde derivados do uso da maconha como medicamento, desconhecendo seus efeitos adversos. Não há claridade sobre o que se consume.
ABSTRACT
As transformações que vêm ocorrendo nas famílias no contexto capitalista têm colocado inúmeras questões acerca das relações entre a esfera da produção e da reprodução. Dentre elas estão as referentes à "conciliação" entre trabalho e responsabilidades familiares. Nesse quadro, objetiva-se apresentar, de forma sistematizada, uma aproximação com a produção científica sobre as políticas conciliatórias, considerando dois universos distintos: de um lado, o debate e os enfrentamentos realizados nos países europeus; de outro, o debate e os enfrentamentos desenvolvidos no contexto latinoamericano, destacando as particularidades do Brasil. Evidenciam-se as origens e particularidades das políticas de conciliação entre trabalho e responsabilidades familiares, seus aspectos conceituais, suas relações, bem como as contradições e conflitos presentes nos dois universos, marcados por dinâmicas muito diferentes. Pretende-se contribuir para a discussão sobre essa questão, principalmente entre os profissionais que pensam e atuam no campo da política pública.
The transformations that has been occurring in families in the contemporary context of capitalist development have placed numerous questions about relations between the sphere of production and reproduction. Among them are those relating to the 'conciliation" between work and family responsibilities. Within this framework, the goal is to introduce, systematically, a rapprochement with the scientific production on the conciliatory policies, considering two distinct universes. On one side the debate and confrontation that has been organized in the framework of European countries, and on the other hand the debate and confrontation that has been developed in the Latin American context, highlighting the peculiarities of Brazil. Shows the origins and peculiarities of the policies of conciliation between work and family responsibilities, their conceptual aspects, their relationships, contradictions and conflicts present in both universes, marked by very different dynamics. Aims to give visibility and encourage discussion on this issue, especially among the professionals who think and act in the field of public policy.
Subject(s)
Work/trends , Capitalism , Economics/trends , FamilyABSTRACT
RESUMO Este trabalho pretende traçar um paralelo acerca da dinâmica de grupos constituídos em dois hospitais públicos ao realizarem um curso de Gestão de Emergências, a partir de relatos de experiências das suas respectivas facilitadoras de aprendizagem. Realizaram-se reflexões embasadas na psicossociologia francesa, psicanálise e psicodinâmica do trabalho. Enquanto um grupo viu o curso como meio para expressar o sofrimento pelo não reconhecimento às suas demandas, o outro o percebeu como forma de assumir o protagonismo de suas mudanças. Ambos puderam ter, nesses encontros, a possibilidade de produção de sentidos para suas práticas.
ABSTRACT This study intends to draw a parallel about the dynamics of groups constituted in two public hospitals when taking an Emergency Management course, from experience reports of their respective learning facilitators. The authors have conducted reflections from the perspective of French social psychology, psychoanalysis and psychodynamics of work theory. Whereas a group identified this course as a means to express their suffering with the fact that their demands are not recognized, the other realized that this fact would be the chance to take the command of their changes. Both groups were able to have, at those meetings, the opportunity to produce the meanings of their practices.
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PURPOSE: Academic debate is an effective method to enhance the competences of critical thinking, problem solving, communication skills and cooperation skills. The present study examined the improvement of debate competence which is an outcome of debate-based flipped learning. METHODS: A questionnaire was administrated to second-year premedical school students at Yeungnam University. In total 45 students participated in the survey. The survey questionnaire was composed of 60 items of eight subfactors on debate competence. To investigate the homogeneous of low and high achievement groups, 18 items on empathy and 75 items on critical thinking scales were used. To compare the pretest with posttest scores, data was analyzed using paired sample t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between low and high achievement groups by average grade at the beginning of the semester. There was a significant improvement in high achievers on the logical argumentation (p<0.001), proficiency in inquiry (p<0.01), active participation (p<0.001), ability to investigate and analyze (p<0.001), observance of debate rules (p<0.05), and acceptability (p<0.05). Even in low achievers, active participation (p<0.05) and ability to investigate and analyze (p<0.01) were significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Results showed that students could improve their debate competence by the debate-based flipped learning. A prospective and comparative study on the communication and teamwork competences needs to be conducted in the future. It is suggested that in-depth discussion for the curriculum design and teaching will be needed in terms of the effectiveness and the outcomes of the medical humanities.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Achievement , Clinical Competence , Communication , Cooperative Behavior , Curriculum , Education, Premedical/methods , Educational Measurement , Empathy , Humanities , Logic , Problem Solving , Problem-Based Learning , Republic of Korea , Schools, Medical , Students, Premedical , Surveys and Questionnaires , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Este estudio aborda la socialización en valores y convivencia a partir de una investigación acción que parte de un enfoque participativo y dialéctico y que utiliza el Debate familiar, una herramienta innovadora cuyas finalidades son favorecer la reflexión y el diálogo intrafamiliar e implicar a las familias en el análisis y transformación de su realidad. Esta estrategia estimula el debate e invita a pensar sobre los valores presentes en la familia, recoge información de los diferentes miembros de la unidad familiar y a su vez, sensibiliza sobre los temas tratados. Un total de 492 familias, con al menos un hijo o hija entre 7 y 16 años, participaron en este estudio. Los resultados ponen de relieve la potencialidad del instrumento como recurso facilitador de la identificación de problemáticas reales o potenciales y elementos y dinámicas positivas; y su utilidad para implicar a la familia y a la comunidad en su análisis y la formulación de líneas de acción para su transformación. Asimismo, los resultados permiten la formulación de líneas de acción comunitarias que favorecen la construcción de una convivencia positiva.
This study was aimed at socializing values and coexistence from an action research from a participatory and dialectical approach and uses the familiar debate, an innovative tool whose aims are to promote reflection and domestic dialogue and involve families in the analysis and transformation of reality. This strategy encourages debate and invites us to think about the values present in the family, collects information from different members of the family unit and in turn, raises awareness of the issues. A total of 492 families with at least one child between 7 and 16 years, participated in this study. The results highlight the potential of the instrument as a facilitator resource positive identification of actual or potential problems and elements and dynamics; and its usefulness to involve the family and the community in the analysis and formulation of action lines for processing. Moreover, the results allow the formulation of Community action lines which foster the building of a positive coexistence.