Comparative Study of Iron, Manganese and Nickel Contamination Potential of Disc and Hammer Milling Equipment and their Toxic Effect on Rat Kidney

Aim: To investigate the effect of hammer and disc milling equipment on the levels of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) contents in maize (Zea mays) flour and the consequent impact on the kidney of albino rats. Study Design: The rats were randomly divided into groups of five rats per group. Six of the groups were fed with maize flour milled with a hammer mill, while the other six groups were fed with maize flour milled with a disc mill, and the thirteenth group was fed with crushed flour in a mortar and pestle as a control. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation under anesthesia on the 14th and 28th days. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Histology laboratories of the University of Jos, Nigeria, between, January to June, 2021. Methodology: For six days, a portion of the maize grains was milled with a hammer mill, another with a disc mill, and a third fraction was crushed into flour with a wooden mortar. The inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric method was used to determine the levels of Fe, Mn, and Ni in maize flour. To avoid lysing the blood, blood samples were carefully collected by allowing it to run down the test tube's wall. The blood was allowed to coagulate at room temperature before being centrifuged and the serum collected and frozen until it was time for biochemical analysis. The kidneys of the rats were excised, cleaned, and preserved in chloroform until histological examinations were required. Results: The results show that Fe (325.16 ± 30.00 mg/kg and 205.05 ± 30.20 mg/kg) and Ni (20.92 ± 5.92 mg/kg and 18.00 ± 2.70 mg/kg) levels were extremely high in both disc and hammer milling machines. The Fe and Mn values in disc milled maize flour were higher than those in hammer milled maize flour. Rats in all groups had significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, K+, Na+, and Cl- levels than the control group. The kidney tissues of all the rats in the control and hammer-milled flour groups were normal, except for group 1 of the disc mill, which showed mild damage, according to the histopathological analysis. Conclusion: The Day 1 group fed with disc-milled flour showed a dense cast, atrophy, and nuclei loss in their kidney tissue. According to the results of the study, hammer milled maize flour is less harmful than disc milled maize flour, as shown by kidney histopathology.

Case Report of Decapitation in Hanging / 대한법의학회지

The authors report two cases of complete decapitation due to hanging. The decapitated body of a 49-year-old man weighing 53 kg was found next to a motel, and the head was 1.2 m away from the body. A rope (length, 3.5 m; diameter, 1.0 cm; nylon rope with a running noose), from the rescue and descent device of the room, was on an exterior wall of the motel. Another decapitated body of a 50-year-old man weighing 74 kg was found floating on the river. The head was found the next day. A rope (length, 7.2 m; diameter, 1.0 cm; nylon rope with a running noose) was tied to a bridge located on the upper side of the river. In both cases, the neck had a sharply demarcated circumferential laceration, similar to that noted in cases of sharp force injury. However, the laceration was formed by Langer's lines, and internal examination revealed findings of overstretching injury and blunt force injury. These cases were determined to be those of complete decapitation due to hanging.

A Case Report of Rare Decapitation in Suicidal Hanging Death / 대한법의학회지

We report a rare case of complete decapitation in suicidal hanging from a bridge railing. A 71-year-old man weighing 75 kg jumped from the bridge of 6 m in height from the ground using a 4.5 m and 0.9 cm thick nylon rope with a running noose. The lower end of the rope was hanged 2.5 m from the ground. The decapitated body was found in the ground with blood pool. The head was 1 m apart from the body. The neck had a sharply demarcated circumferential band-like ligature mark with twisted diagonal lacerated margins. He had a history of depression and left a suicidal note. From the police investigation and death scene investigation, the case was determined as a suicidal hanging although the autopsy was not done. We reviewed literatures of decapitation cases in hanging deaths and compared the calculated physical forces applied to the ligature.

Apocrine Mixed Tumor with Follicular Differentiation

Mixed tumor of the skin (chondroid syringoma) is a rare benign tumor composed of epithelial elements intermingled with myxoid or cartilagenous stroma which is not separated by basement membrane. It had been believed to originate from the eccrine gland but recently, it was described to be of apocrine gland origin in case of showing apparent apocrine secretion. We report on a 63-year-old man with a tumor on the right upper eyelid showing typical microscopic features of mixed tumor of the skin. Many apocrine decapitation secretions were seen in tubular structures and follicular differentiations were also seen, which represents the common origin of folliculo-sebaceous-apocrine unit.

Median Raphe Cyst of the Glans Penis / 대한피부과학회지

Median raphe cyst of the penis is an uncommon entity that usually presents as a cystic lesion on the ventral aspect of the penis, and which has a broad spectrum of histopathological appearances. It occurs most commonly near the glans penis, but may occur anywhere from the urethral meatus to the anus. It is solitary and measures only a few millimeters in diameter. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recently we observed an 18-year-old male patient who had had a median raphe cyst since 5 years ago near the urethral orifice of the glans penis.

Rupture of the uterus

Despite advances in the science and refinements in the art and practice of obstetrics, the incidence of rupture of the pregnant uterus in Manila and its suburbs seems to be increasingThis increase is apparently due to the fact that more sections are now being done. If ruptures from the cesarean scar are excluded, the incidence is apparently going downToo many classical operations are still being done despite the fact that the tendency to rupture is about 15 times more in the classical than in the low. In the present study, the ratio is 1:12Grand multiparity seems to be the sole cause in 5 spontaneous non-cesarean ruptures in this series. After the 4th delivery the danger of rupture should be born in mind in using oxytocics or intervening per vaginam. In the non-cesarean group, there was not a single case of spontaneous rupture observed below para VA successful vaginal delivery following a section is no guarantee against rupture. Ruptures have taken place following several successful vaginal deliveries in a previously sectioned uterus, particularly if the section is classicalTime does not seem to strengthen the cesarean scar and therefore it is doubtful whether wide spacing of pregnancies in sectioned patients is really necessary. Some people believe that the union is as strong as it can ever be after one yearIn the presence of an impending or suspected rupture of the uterus, destructive operations such as craniotomy or decapitation should be considered as formidable procedures, particularly if the presenting part is still high. Preference should be given to extraperitoneal or Porro section.(Summary and Conclusions)

A Case of Tubular Apocrine Adenoma

Tubular apocrine adenoma is a well-circumscribed intradermal benign tumor with tubular structures showing apocrine differentiation. Most of those cases occur on the scalp in middle aged women. Histologically, tubular structure with apparent apocrine decapitation secretion, cystic dilatation of tubule, and connection with epidermis are the characteristic features of tubular apocrine adenoma. We presented a case of tubular apocrine adenoma that had recurred after incomplete excision. It showed apocrine decapitation secretion histologically and both eccrine and apocrine differentiation on immunohistochemical study.