Is it possible to estimate the number of patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units and general wards using clinical and telemedicine data?

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate predictive models to estimate the number of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care units and general wards of a private not-for-profit hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Two main models were developed. The first model calculated hospital occupation as the difference between predicted COVID-19 patient admissions, transfers between departments, and discharges, estimating admissions based on their weekly moving averages, segmented by general wards and intensive care units. Patient discharge predictions were based on a length of stay predictive model, assessing the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, including age group and usage of mechanical ventilation devices. The second model estimated hospital occupation based on the correlation with the number of telemedicine visits by patients diagnosed with COVID-19, utilizing correlational analysis to define the lag that maximized the correlation between the studied series. Both models were monitored for 365 days, from May 20th, 2021, to May 20th, 2022. Results: The first model predicted the number of hospitalized patients by department within an interval of up to 14 days. The second model estimated the total number of hospitalized patients for the following 8 days, considering calls attended by Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein's telemedicine department. Considering the average daily predicted values for the intensive care unit and general ward across a forecast horizon of 8 days, as limited by the second model, the first and second models obtained R² values of 0.900 and 0.996, respectively and mean absolute errors of 8.885 and 2.524 beds, respectively. The performances of both models were monitored using the mean error, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error as a function of the forecast horizon in days. Conclusion: The model based on telemedicine use was the most accurate in the current analysis and was used to estimate COVID-19 hospital occupancy 8 days in advance, validating predictions of this nature in similar clinical contexts. The results encourage the expansion of this method to other pathologies, aiming to guarantee the standards of hospital care and conscious consumption of resources.

Application of Mengchao Liver Disease-Brain System version 2.0 in artificial intelligence-assisted clinical diagnosis and treatment： A preliminary study / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of Mengchao Liver Disease-Brain System version 2.0 in clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsThis study was conducted among 160 patients who were admitted to the internal medicine and surgical departments from June 9 to 21， 2021， and their data were automatically captured by the intelligent information system of Southeast Big Data Institute of Hepatobiliary Health， Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The completeness and accuracy of Mengchao Liver Disease-Brain System version 2.0 were evaluated based on the intelligent diagnostic tools such as auxiliary diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B， interpretation of liver fibrosis， staging model of chronic hepatitis B， auxiliary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis， auxiliary staining of liver cirrhosis， auxiliary diagnosis of primary liver cancer， BCLC stage of primary liver cancer， Chinese staging of primary liver cancer， Child-Pugh score， and APRI score. ResultsAll auxiliary diagnostic tools had a complete rate of 94.17% in terms of the extraction of correct key dimensions within the test period. The artificial intelligence report had a structured accuracy of 97.55% in capturing data and an accuracy rate of 91.61% in text processing. ConclusionMengchao Liver Disease-Brain System version 2.0 provides an innovative mode for the construction of big data platform in medical specialties and has a high accuracy as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica e desfecho clínico na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão sistemática / Clinical decision support systems and clinical outcomes in Primary Health Care: a systematic review

Esta revisão sistemática aborda o uso de Sistemas de Suporte à Decisão Clínica (SADC) nos atendimentos realizados na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), identificando relações existentes entre o uso dos sistemas e os desfechos clínicos. Foram selecionados trabalhos, estudos em português e inglês, sem restrição ao cenário brasileiro, encontrados em diferentes bases de dados. Os resultados demonstram que os SADC ainda se encontram em estágio de desenvolvimento e refinamento, com aplicação ainda incipiente nas mais diversas patologias e condições clínicas. São raros os ensaios clínicos que tracem os desfechos clínicos primários, levando ao acúmulo de dados apenas sobre desfechos secundários ou compostos, dificultando a avaliação dos sistemas. Há indicativos de relativa eficiência no uso dos SADC para situações de diagnóstico e prevenção, com eficiência limitada na fase de tratamento. Finalmente, não existem dados suficientes para afirmar se os SADC geram desfechos clínicos primários mais favoráveis ou desfavoráveis na APS.

This systematic review addresses the use of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in Primary Health Care (PHC), identifying relationships between the use of the Systems and clinical outcomes. The research employed selected studies in Portuguese and English, with no restriction to the Brazilian scenario, found in different databases. Results demonstrate that CDSS are still in the development and refinement stage, and their application is still incipient for the most diverse pathologies and clinical conditions. Clinical trials that trace the primary clinical outcomes are rare, leading to the accumulation of data only on secondary or compound outcomes, making it difficult to evaluate the systems. There are indications of relative efficiency in the use of CDSS for diagnosis and prevention situations, with limited efficiency in the treatment phase. Finally, there is insufficient data to establish whether CDSS generates more favorable or unfavorable primary clinical outcomes in PHC.

Effects of patient participation decision aid on decision conflict and risk perception of patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of application of the patient participation decision aid in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.Methods:A total of 38 patients hospitalized for cardiac valve replacement from June to November, 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were enrolled as the control group, and 38 patients admitted from January to May, 2020, were recruited as the experimental group by convenient sampling method. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, while the experimental group was carried out patient participation decision aid assistant program on the basis of routine nursing. The effects of intervention were assessed by Decision Conflict Sale (DCS), Preparation for Decision Making (PrepDM) and Risk Perception Questionnaire for patients with chronic diseases at admission and one day before operation.Results:There was no significant difference in the scores of DCS, PrepDM and Risk Perception Questionnaire for patients with chronic diseases at admission between the two groups( P>0.05). At one day before operation, the information& values scores dimension, support and valid decision dimension scores, decision uncertainty dimension scores and total scores of DCS were (12.37 ± 4.11) , (12.50 ± 4.65) , (3.74 ± 1.17), (28.61 ± 7.07) points in the experimental group, lower than those in the control group (15.11 ± 3.62) , (17.84 ± 4.25), (4.37 ± 1.30), (37.32 ± 6.57) points, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups( t values were 2.22-5.56, all P<0.05). At one day before operation, the score of PrepDM was (73.58 ± 5.32) points in the experimental group, higher than that in the control group (67.82 ± 4.89) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.92, P<0.05). At one day before operation, the scores of economic risk dimension, physical and medical risk dimension, psychosocial risk dimension scores and total scores of Risk Perception Questionnaire for patients with chronic diseases were (11.45 ± 3.94), (12.39 ± 3.64), (7.21 ± 4.09), (31.05 ± 6.11) points in the experimental group, lower than those in the control group (13.50 ± 3.73), (15.82 ± 5.18), (9.32 ± 3.59), (38.63 ± 7.27) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.33-4.92, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Patient participation decision aid program can effectively decrease decision conflict, promote preparation for decision making and alleviate risk perception of patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.

Research progress in application of artificial intelligence in trauma assessment / 中华创伤杂志

Modern trauma scoring system tries hard to reflect and evaluate various injury severity and outcome in an objective，accurate and quick manner via digitalization so as to make correct diagnosis and treatment plan. However，current trauma scoring is mainly responsible for predicting death outcome，and it cannot reflect the changes of trauma rehabilitation function outcome in a dynamic way，thus making it difficult to meet clinical demands. In recent years，artificial intelligence technology and big data mining technology are helpful to integrate and analyze a large number of clinical data generated in the process of trauma treatment，and have a great application value for the continuous assessment of the whole trauma process. Such being the case，the authors sum up the research progress of physiology scoring，anatomy scoring，composite scoring of physiology and anatomy，functional scoring and artificial intelligence in trauma evaluation，attempting to provide references for building a new trauma scoring system.

Quality of the documentation of the Nursing process in clinical decision support systems / Qualidade da documentação do processo de enfermagem em sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica / Calidad de la documentación del proceso de Enfermería en sistemas de apoyo a la decisión clínica

Objective: to compare the quality of the Nursing process documentation in two versions of a clinical decision support system. Method: a quantitative and quasi-experimental study of the before-and-after type. The instrument used to measure the quality of the records was the Brazilian version of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, which has four domains and a maximum score of 58 points. A total of 81 records were evaluated in version I (pre-intervention), as well as 58 records in version II (post-intervention), and the scores obtained in the two applications were compared. The interventions consisted of planning, pilot implementation of version II of the system, training and monitoring of users. The data were analyzed in the R software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the mean obtained at the pre-intervention moment was 38.24 and, after the intervention, 46.35 points. There was evidence of statistical difference between the means of the pre- and post-intervention groups, since the p-value was below 0.001 in the four domains evaluated. Conclusion: the quality of the documentation of the Nursing process in version II of the system was superior to version I. The efficacy of the system and the effectiveness of the interventions were verified. This study can contribute to the quality of documentation, care management, visibility of nursing actions and patient safety.

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade da documentação do processo de enfermagem em duas versões de um sistema de apoio à decisão clínica. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois. O instrumento utilizado para mensurar a qualidade dos registros foi o Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes Versão Brasileira, que possui quatro domínios e escore máximo de 58 pontos. Foram avaliados 81 registros na versão I (pré-intervenção), 58 registros da versão II (pós-intervenção) e comparados os escores obtidos nas duas aplicações. As intervenções consistiram em planejamento, implantação piloto da versão II do sistema, treinamento e acompanhamento dos usuários. Os dados foram analisados no software R, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a média obtida na pré-intervenção foi de 38,24 e pós-intervenção, 46,35 pontos. Houve evidências de diferença estatística entre as médias dos grupos pré e pós-intervenção, visto que o valor-p foi menor que 0,001 nos quatro domínios avaliados. Conclusão: a qualidade da documentação do processo de enfermagem na versão II do sistema foi superior à versão I. A eficácia do sistema e a efetividade das intervenções foram comprovadas. Este estudo pode contribuir para a qualidade da documentação, gerenciamento do cuidado, visibilidade das ações de enfermagem e segurança do paciente.

Objetivo: comparar la calidad de la documentación del proceso de Enfermería en dos versiones de un sistema de apoyo a la decisión clínica. Método: estudio cuantitativo y cuasi-experimental del tipo antes y después. El instrumento que se usó para medir la calidad de los registros fue la versión brasileña del Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, que contiene cuatro dominios y puntaje máximo de 58 puntos. Se evaluaron 81 registros en la versión I (pre-intervención), 58 registros de la versión II (post-intervención) y se compararon las puntuaciones logradas en las dos aplicaciones. Las intervenciones consistieron en planificar, implementar de forma piloto la versión II del sistema, entrenar y realizar un seguimiento a los usuarios. Los datos se analizaron en el software R, utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: el promedio obtenido en el momento pre-intervención fue de 38,24 y en la post-intervención fue de 46,35 puntos. Se registraron evidencias de diferencia estadística entre los promedios de los grupos pre- y post-intervención, visto que el valor-p fue menor que 0,001 en los cuatro dominios evaluados. Conclusión: la calidad de la documentación del proceso de Enfermería en la versión II del sistema fue superior a la versión I. Se comprobó la eficacia del sistema y la efectividad de las intervenciones. Este estudio pudo contribuir para la calidad de la documentación, gerenciamiento de la atención, visibilidad de las acciones de Enfermería y seguridad del paciente.

Análise dos benefícios do sistema de apoio à decisão clínica em hospital para reduzir eventos adversos em casos de úlceras por pressão e quedas / Analysis of the benefit of the clinical decision support system in hospital to reduce adverse events in cases of pressure ulcer and falls / Análisis de los beneficios del sistema de apoyo a la decisión clínica en el hospital para reducir los eventos adversos en casos de úlceras por presión y caídas

Objetivo: O Objetivo desse estudo é analisar se sistemas de apoio à decisão integrados a prontuários eletrônicos apresentam benefícios para redução de eventos adversos em casos de úlceras por pressão e quedas em uma unidade de internação de um hospital. Métodos: É um estudo experimental tendo como base uma população de pacientes hospitalares internados e a utilização de métodos estatísticos. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Gestão de Eventos Adversos e do Sistema de Registro Eletrônico de Saúde em um período de 24 meses com uma amostra total de 106.658 registros de pacientes. Resultados: O uso de sistema de apoio à decisão nesse estudo trouxe contribuições para reduzir os casos de eventos adversos relacionados a úlceras por pressão, mas não apresentou contribuições relevantes em relação aos eventos adversos relacionados a quedas. Conclusão: Sistemas de apoio à decisão podem trazer contribuições importantes para a prestação de serviços assistenciais em pacientes internados.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze whether decision support systems integrated with electronic health record have benefits for reducing adverse events in cases of pressure ulcers and falls in an inpatient unit of a hospital. Methods: This is an experimental study based on an inpatient population and the use of statistical methods. Data were collected from both Adverse Event Management System and Electronic Health Records System from a 24-month period with a total sample of 106,658 patient records. Results: The use of a decision support system in this study brought contributions to reduce the cases of pressure ulcer related adverse events but did not present relevant contributions to reduce cases of fall related adverse events. Conclusion: Integrated decision support systems can add important contribution to healthcare services provided inside an inpatient unit.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si los sistemas de apoyo a la decisión integrados con registros médicos electrónicos tienen beneficios para reducir los eventos adversos en casos de úlceras por presión y caídas en una unidad de hospitalización de un hospital. Métodos: Este es un estudio experimental basado en una población de pacientes hospitalizados y el uso de métodos estadísticos. Los datos se recopilaron de lo Sistema de Gestión de Eventos Adversos y de lo Sistema de Registros de Salud Electrónicos un periodo de 24 meses con una muestra total de 106.658 registros de pacientes. Resultados: El uso del sistema de apoyo a la decisión evaluado ha contribuido para reducir los casos de eventos adversos relacionados con las úlceras por presión, pero no presentó contribuciones relevantes en relación con los eventos adversos relacionados con caídas. Conclusion: Los sistemas de apoyo a la decisión pueden hacer importantes contribuciones a la prestación de servicios de atención hospitalaria.

Design and application of clinical decision support system in nursing / 中华医院管理杂志

Clinical decision support system (CDSS) has been developed and integrated into clinical nursing system by building up rules and knowledge base through literature retrieval, expert argumentation, and situation analysis. With such algorithms as reasoning algorithm, case study, artificial intelligence and big data analysis, three modules have been constructed as follows. The first is an Intelligent Knowledge-based Decision Module composed of 15 document-driven knowledge-based decision-makers and 5 task-driven knowledge-based decision-makers. The second is an Intelligent Quality Control Recording Module which has achieved intelligent quality control of nursing records through Feedforward Control and Feedback Control. The third is an Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction Module which consists of real-time static interactions through e-board and dynamic reminders/alarms triggered by the system. CDSS, since in use, has reduced the incidence of adverse nursing events and problems of quality control in nursing records, and improved satisfaction of patients.

Cold thinking in the boom of artificial intelligence / 中华外科杂志

Artificial intelligence clinical decision-support system is an important direction of artificial intelligence in the medical field. Both international and domestic researchers are exploring the application value of intelligent decision-making system in the field of cancer. But at the same time of the craze, there are still some problems in the intelligent decision-making system. Combining the work of the research groups in this field, this paper explores the current confusions and solutions, and hopes to help clinicians better understand intelligent decision-making. It is believed that with the deepening of the concept and the advancement of technology, intelligent decision-making will become a good help for doctors in the future.

Development and enlightenment of intelligentized diagnostic and therapeutic mode for hepatobiliary tumors / 临床肝胆病杂志

Clinical decision support system (CDSS) and multidisciplinary team (MDT) are important measures to improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare service. This article reviews and analyzes the current status of the development of CDSS and MDT in China and foreign countries and summarizes their features and shortcomings, and with the background of the new era of “medical big data resources” and “big data technology”, this article looks into the future of developing an intelligentized diagnostic and therapeutic mode (a combination of CDSS and MDT) for hepatobiliary tumors suitable for the national conditions of China.

Promotion of prehospital emergency care through clinical decision support systems: opportunities and challenges

Clinical decision support systems are interactive computer systems for situational decision making and can improve decision efficiency and safety of care. We investigated the role of these systems in enhancing prehospital care. This narrative review included full-text articles published since 2000 that were available in databases/e-journals including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Search keywords included “clinical decision support system,” “decision support system,” “decision support tools,” “prehospital care,” and “emergency medical services.” Non-journal articles were excluded. We revealed 14 relevant studies that used such a support system in prehospital emergency medical service. Owing to the dynamic nature of emergency situations, decision timing is critical. Four key factors demonstrated the ability of clinical decision support systems to improve decision-making, reduce errors, and improve the safety of prehospital emergency activity: computer-based, offer support as a natural part of the workflow, provide decision support in the time and place of decision making, and offer practical advice. The use of clinical decision support systems in prehospital care resulted in accurate diagnoses, improved patient triage and patient outcomes, and reduction of prehospital time. By improving emergency management and rescue operations, the quality of prehospital care will be enhanced.

Avaliação da acurácia de diagnósticos de enfermagem determinados por usuários de sistema de apoio à decisão clínica / Evaluation of the accuracy of nursing diagnoses determined by users of a clinical decision support system

Introdução: O julgamento clínico do enfermeiro deve ser expresso por meio de diagnósticos de enfermagem de alta acurácia para o alcance de melhores resultados dos pacientes. Os Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão Clínica (SADCs) são projetados para serem utilizados como ferramenta no processo de tomada de decisão clínica por possibilitar a organização e o processamento de dados e informações em tempo real. O Sistema de Documentação Eletrônica do Processo de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (PROCEnfUSP®) é um SADC desenvolvido para apoiar decisões de enfermeiros e estudantes sobre julgamento clínico de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem. Ainda não está claro na literatura se o uso de SADC apoia usuários na seleção de diagnósticos de alta/moderada categoria de acurácia, independentemente do nível educacional em enfermagem. Além disso, melhor compreensão sobre os fatores que interferem na seleção de diagnósticos de alta/moderada acurácia é necessária. Objetivo: Analisar a acurácia dos diagnósticos de enfermagem determinados por usuários de sistema de apoio à decisão clínica e identificar os fatores preditivos de acurácia diagnóstica. Método: Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, cujos dados foram coletados entre setembro a janeiro/2018. Os participantes foram enfermeiros, residentes e estudantes de enfermagem, usuários do PROCEnf-USP® no Hospital Universitário (HU-USP) e na Escola de Enfermagem da USP (EEUSP). Dados demográficos, acadêmicos e profissionais foram coletados. Dois estudos de casos fictícios forneceram aos participantes os dados clínicos que deveriam ser inseridos no SADC para realizar a avaliação inicial dos pacientes. Os participantes podiam selecionar diagnósticos dentre as hipóteses oferecidas pelo SADC ou indicar diagnósticos que não haviam sido sugeridos pelo sistema. Uma lista com os diagnósticos selecionados pelos participantes foi obtida do sistema. A acurácia das categorias de diagnósticos foi avaliada por um painel de especialistas com base na Escala de Acurácia Diagnóstica versão 2 (EADE-2). Os escores da EADE-2 variam de zero a 13,5, e as categorias de acurácia são alta, moderada, baixa e nula. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para descrever as categorias de acurácia de acordo com os grupos de participantes. O modelo estatístico ANOVA foi utilizado para comparar as porcentagens médias das categorias de acurácia entre os usuários do sistema. Modelo de regressão linear foi utilizado para identificar os fatores preditivos da acurácia diagnóstica. O nível de significância foi de 5%. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da EEUSP e do HU-USP. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 15 graduandos, 10 residentes e 22 enfermeiros. 414 diagnósticos foram selecionados pelos participantes; a categoria moderada de acurácia foi predominante (n= 210; 54,4%) seguida de alta acurácia (n= 164; 42,5%). Embora residentes e graduandos tenham selecionado predominantemente diagnósticos de alta acurácia (51,8 ± 19,1; 48,9 ± 27,4 respectivamente), e os enfermeiros tenham selecionado majoritariamente diagnósticos de moderada acurácia (54,7±14,7), não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação às categorias de acurácia entre os usuários do sistema. De acordo com o modelo de regressão linear, cada diagnóstico indicado pelos participantes diminuiu a acurácia em 2,09% (p= 0,030), e ter pouca ou nenhuma experiência no uso do PROCEnf-USP® na prática clínica diminuiu a acurácia dos diagnósticos em 5,41% (p = 0,022). Contudo, o modelo apresentou pouco valor preditivo (R2=15%). Conclusão: Confirmou-se a legitimidade da hipótese do estudo, corroborando que o SADC apoia a tomada de decisão clínica, levando usuários com diferentes níveis de educação e experiência profissional em enfermagem a selecionar diagnósticos de alta e moderada acurácia. Embora tenham sido identificados que a experiência com o PROCEnf-USP® na prática e o número de diagnósticos indicados sejam fatores preditores para a seleção de diagnósticos acurados, deve-se considerar o pouco valor preditivo das variáveis escolhidas.

Introduction: The clinical judgment of the nurse must be expressed through highly accurate nursing diagnoses, as these will allow the achievement of better patient outcomes. Clinical decision support systems are designed to be used as a tool in the clinical decision-making process by enabling the organization and processing of data and information in real time. The Electronic Documentation System of the Nursing Process of the University of São Paulo (PROCEnf-USP®) is a CDSS developed to support the decision of nurses and students in the clinical judgment of nursing diagnoses, results and interventions. Objective: To analyze the accuracy of nursing diagnoses determined by users of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and to identify the predictive factors of diagnostic accuracy. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive study carried out from September to December 2017. Participants were nurses, resident nurses, and senior-year undergraduate students users of a CDSS (PROCEnf-USP®) in the University Hospital and School of Nursing, University of São Paulo. Demographic, academic and professional data were collected. Two written case studies provided the participants with the clinical data to fill out the assessment forms in the CDSS. The CDSS supports decision-making with respect to nursing diagnoses based on assessment data. Participants could either choose amongst the diagnostic hypotheses suggested by the CDSS or add diagnoses that were not suggested by the system. A list of the diagnoses selected by the participants was retrieved from the system. The accuracy of the selected diagnostic labels was determined by a panel of experts using the Diagnostic Accuracy Scale version 2 (EADE-2). EADE-2 scores range from zero to 13.5, and the categories of accuracy may be high, moderate, low and null. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the categories of accuracy according to each group of participants. ANOVA was used to compare the mean percentages of accuracy categories across groups. A linear regression model was used to identify the predictors of diagnostic accuracy. The significance level was 5%. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: Fifteen undergraduate students, 10 residents and 22 nurses were enrolled in the study. 414 diagnoses were selected; most of which were moderate (n=210; 54.4%) and highly accurate (n=164; 42.5%). Although resident nurses and students had selected predominantly highly accurate diagnoses (51.8± 19.1; 48.9 ± 27.4 respectively), and nurses had selected mostly diagnoses of moderate accuracy (54.7 ± 14.7), there were no differences in the accuracy categories of the selected diagnoses across groups. According to the linear regression model, each diagnosis added by the participants decreased the diagnostic accuracy in 2.09% (p= .030), and none or little experience using the system decreased such diagnostic accuracy in 5.41% (p = .022). However, the model presented little predictive value (R2 = 15%). Conclusion: The legitimacy of the study hypothesis was confirmed, corroborating that CDSS supports clinical decision-making, leading users with different levels of education and nursing professional experience to select diagnoses of high and moderate accuracy. Although it has been identified that the experience with PROCEnf-USP® in practice and the number of diagnoses indicated are predictive factors for the selection of accurate diagnoses, the low predictive value of the variables chosen should be considered.

Development of Decision Support Formulas for the Prediction of Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Prostatic Surgery in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptom/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Part I, Development of the Formula and its Internal Validation / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: As the elderly population increases, a growing number of patients have lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of this study was to develop decision support formulas and nomograms for the prediction of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and for BOO-related surgical decision-making, and to validate them in patients with LUTS/BPH. METHODS: Patient with LUTS/BPH between October 2004 and May 2014 were enrolled as a development cohort. The available variables included age, International Prostate Symptom Score, free uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume, total prostate volume, and the results of a pressure-flow study. A causal Bayesian network analysis was used to identify relevant parameters. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, formulas were developed to calculate the probabilities of having BOO and requiring prostatic surgery. Patients between June 2014 and December 2015 were prospectively enrolled for internal validation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,179 male patients with LUTS/BPH, with a mean age of 66.1 years, were included as a development cohort. Another 253 patients were enrolled as an internal validation cohort. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, 2 and 4 formulas were established to estimate the probabilities of having BOO and requiring prostatic surgery, respectively. Our analysis of the predictive accuracy of the model revealed area under the curve values of 0.82 for BOO and 0.87 for prostatic surgery. The sensitivity and specificity were 53.6% and 87.0% for BOO, and 91.6% and 50.0% for prostatic surgery, respectively. The calibration plot indicated that these prediction models showed a good correspondence. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed a high net benefit across the entire spectrum of probability thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: We established nomograms for the prediction of BOO and BOO-related prostatic surgery in patients with LUTS/BPH. Internal validation of the nomograms demonstrated that they predicted both having BOO and requiring prostatic surgery very well.

Development of Decision Support Formulas for the Prediction of Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Prostatic Surgery in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptom/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Part II, External Validation and Usability Testing of a Smartphone A / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: We aimed to externally validate the prediction model we developed for having bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and requiring prostatic surgery using 2 independent data sets from tertiary referral centers, and also aimed to validate a mobile app for using this model through usability testing. METHODS: Formulas and nomograms predicting whether a subject has BOO and needs prostatic surgery were validated with an external validation cohort from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center between January 2004 and April 2015. A smartphone-based app was developed, and 8 young urologists were enrolled for usability testing to identify any human factor issues of the app. RESULTS: A total of 642 patients were included in the external validation cohort. No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics of major parameters between the original (n=1,179) and the external validation cohort, except for the maximal flow rate. Predictions of requiring prostatic surgery in the validation cohort showed a sensitivity of 80.6%, a specificity of 73.2%, a positive predictive value of 49.7%, and a negative predictive value of 92.0%, and area under receiver operating curve of 0.84. The calibration plot indicated that the predictions have good correspondence. The decision curve showed also a high net benefit. Similar evaluation results using the external validation cohort were seen in the predictions of having BOO. Overall results of the usability test demonstrated that the app was user-friendly with no major human factor issues. CONCLUSIONS: External validation of these newly developed a prediction model demonstrated a moderate level of discrimination, adequate calibration, and high net benefit gains for predicting both having BOO and requiring prostatic surgery. Also a smartphone app implementing the prediction model was user-friendly with no major human factor issue.

Avaliação de orientações geradas por sistema computacional a acompanhantes de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à quimioterapia / Evaluación de orientaciones generadas por el sistema computacional a acompañantes de pacientes pediátricos sometidos a quimioterapía / Evaluation of computer-generated guidelines for companions of paediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar as orientações geradas com o auxílio do Sistema de Apoio à Decisão Clínica – Cuidados em Oncologia e Saúde com Quimioterápicos com as orientações não auxiliadas por tecnologia, destinadas aos acompanhantes de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, avaliativa, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada na pediatria de um hospital em Curitiba-PR, entre dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. A amostra foi composta por 58 participantes, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, não apoiado pelo software, e Grupo 2, apoiado pelo software. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Houve significância estatística nas orientações (p <0,05), prevalecendo maior média de concordância com o auxílio do software no Grupo 2, quando comparada ao Grupo 1. Conclusões Evidenciou-se que as orientações geradas com o auxílio do software consistem em uma forma de apoiar qualitativamente os enfermeiros na geração de orientações.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comparar las orientaciones generadas con el auxilio del Sistema de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas – Cuidados en Oncología y Salud con Quimioterápicos con las orientaciones que no son auxiliadas por el mismo Sistema, ambas dirigidas a los acompañantes de niños en tratamiento quimioterápico. Métodos Investigación descriptiva, evaluativa, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en la pediatría de un hospital de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, entre diciembre de 2015 y enero de 2016. La muestra está compuesta por 58 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos: 1) compuesto por los que no son apoyados por el software y 2) por los que son apoyados por el software. En el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el Test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Hubo una estadística expresiva en las orientaciones (p<0,05), prevaleciendo mayor promedio de concordancia con el auxilio del software en el Grupo 2, cuando comparado con la falta de auxilio del Grupo 1. Conclusiones Se evidenció que las orientaciones generadas con el auxilio del software es una forma de apoyar, cualitativamente, a los enfermeros en la generación de orientaciones.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare computer-generated guidelines with and without the use of a Clinical Decision Support System - Oncology Care and Healthcare for Chemotherapy Patients, for the caregivers of children undergoing chemotherapy. Methods This is a descriptive, evaluative, and quantitative study conducted at a paediatrics hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, from December 2015 to January 2016. The sample consisted of 58 participants divided into two groups: Group 1, without the aid of software, and Group 2, with the aid of the software. The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The guidelines revealed a statistical significance (p<0.05), with a prevalence of a higher concordance average in Group 2 in comparison with Group 1. Conclusion Computer-generated guidelines are a valuable qualitative support tool for nurses.

Infobuttons en una historia clínica electrónica orientada a problemas / Infobuttons in a problem-oriented electronic health record / Infobuttons em um registro médico eletrônico orientado para o problema

Introdução, Na prática médica apresentam-se dúvidas e necessidade de informação, os Infobuttons são ferramentas que nos permitem resolver estas necessidades. Propõe-se descrever o desenvolvimento de Infobuttons na lista de problemas de um registro médico eletrônico. Materiais e Métodos, apresentam-se os componentes principais de infobuttons, completamente desenvolvidos in-House, definidos pelas especificações HL7-Infobutton Standard para especificar as pesquisas, automatiza-las e recuperar a informação contextual do paciente. Resultados, foi adicionado ícones Infobuttons no extremo direito dos términos para recuperar informação contextual e ser enviada solicitando resposta a UpToDate através dos dados Standard para serem recebidas como página web. Discussão-Conclusão, já foi descrita a importância de antecipar estas necessidades para resolvê-las, arquitetura foi desenvolvida em escala para um modelo integrado que pode incluir outros recursos. Outras organizações de saúde poderiam beneficiar-se baseando-se na aplicação de estratégias semelhantes.

Introducción, en la práctica médica se presentan dudas y necesidades de información, los Infobuttonsson herramientas que permiten resolver estas necesidades. Se propone describir el desarrollo e implementación de Infobuttons en la lista de problemas de la Historia Clínica Electrónica. Materiales y Métodos, se presentan los componentes principales de Infobuttons, completamente desarrollado in-House, definidos por las especificaciones HL7-Infobutton Standard para especificar las búsquedas, automatizarlas y recuperar la información contextual del paciente.Resultados, se agregaron íconos Infobuttons al extremo derecho de los términos para recuperar información contextualy ser enviada solicitando respuesta a UpToDate® a través de los datos estándar para ser recibidas como página web. Discusión-Conclusión, ya se describió la importancia de anticipar esas necesidades para resolverlas, la arquitectura se desarrolló pensando en escalar a un modelo integrado en el que se pueda incluir otros recursos. Otras organizaciones de salud podrían beneficiarse basándose en la aplicación de estrategias similares.

Introduction, in medical practice questions and information needs are presented, the Infobuttons are tools toanticipate these needs. It is proposed to describe the development and implementation of Infobuttons on the problems listin Electronic Health Record. Materials and Methods, the main components of Infobuttons are presented, fully developedin-house, defined by the HL7-infobutton Standard specifications in order to specify searches, automate it and retrievepatient´s contextual information. Results, were added Infobuttons icons on the right end of the each term to retrieve contextual information and be sent requesting a response to UpToDate® through standard data to be received as a webpage. Discussion-Conclusion, the importance to anticipate those needs and solve it, was described; the architecture was developed thinking to climb to an integrated model that can include other resources. Other health organizations could benefit based on the application of similar strategies.

Exploration and research on application of resident doctors of emergency medicine specialty in clinical decision-making method / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss the current status of application of the four kinds of clinical decision‐making method (mode recognition method ,hypothesis deductive method ,event‐driven method and applying regulation method ) in the clinical practice of the emergency resident doctors and to understand their mastery situation of the clinical decision‐making methods and the influencing factors .Methods One thousand and thirty‐five patients collected by 207 resident doctors (5 cases were randomly collected from the patients diagnosed and treated by each resident doctor ) were divided into 3 groups according to different year systems .The clinical decision‐making methods ,diagnosis accuracy of different clinical decision‐making methods and the influencing factors of decision‐making methods were compared among different grades .Results The difference in the decision‐making methods among different year systems had statistical significance (P<0 .05);furthermore ,the difference in the diagnostic accuracy among different decision‐making methods had statistical significance (P< 0 .05) ,the differences in the defensive behaviors and different decision‐making methods were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,the multi‐classification Logistic regression of different decision‐making methods showed that the differences in the different residency year system ,residency education ,residency clinical contacting time ,inpatient symptoms ,defensive behaviors and interrogation reliability degree had statistical significance (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The most commonly used decision‐making method by the resident doctors is the applying regulation method .The residency year system ,resi‐dency education ,residency clinical contacting time ,inpatient symptoms ,defensive behaviors and interrogation reliability degree are the influencing factors of application of the clinical decision‐making methods in the clinical practice of the emergency medicine spe‐cialty .

The Correlation between the Degree of Enophthalmos and the Extent of Fracture in Medial Orbital Wall Fracture Left Untreated for Over Six Months: A Retrospective Analysis of 81 Cases at a Single Institution

BACKGROUND: In patients with medial orbital wall fracture, predicting the correlation between the degree of enophthalmos and the extent of fracture is essential for deciding on surgical treatment. We conducted this retrospective study to identify the correlation between the two parameters. METHODS: We quantitatively analyzed the correlation between the area of the bone defect and the degree of enophthalmos on computed tomography scans in 81 patients with medial orbital wall fracture who had been left untreated for more than six months. RESULTS: There was a significant linear positive correlation between the area of the medial orbital wall fracture and the degree of enophthalmos with a formula of E=0.705A+0.061 (E, the degree of enophthalmos; A, the area of bone defect) (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.812) (P<0.05). In addition, that there were no cases in which the degree of enophthalmos was greater than 2 mm when the area of the medial orbital wall fracture was smaller than 1.90 cm2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate not only that 2 mm of enophthalmos corresponds to a bone defect area of approximately 2.75 cm2 in patients with medial orbital wall fracture but also that the degree of enophthalmos could be quantitatively predicted based on the area of the bone defect even more than six months after trauma.

El blog como herramienta de soporte social para personas con enfermedad crónica / A blog as a social support tool for people with chronic disease

Objetivo: Examinar el fenómeno del soporte social con el uso del blog paratucuidadoenlinea en personas con enfermedad crónica. Método: Investigación descriptiva exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo, realizada en Bogotá en el 2010, a través de un estudio de casos con 8 personas con enfermedad crónica que se vincularon al blog paratucuidadoenlinea. La intervención tuvo una duración de cuatro meses y consistió en brindar un servicio de 16 horas diarias disponibles en el blog para atender a los casos. La información se obtuvo mediante observaciones a través de diarios de campo de cada uno de los casos y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas al finalizar la intervención. El análisis de la información incluyó la organización de los informes de diarios de campo de cada caso, transcripción de las participaciones de los casos a través del chat y/o foros y las entrevistas realizadas, construcción de códigos y categorías que describen la percepción de las personas respecto a la estrategia. Resultados: El blog fue utilizado para obtener soporte social, indistintamente del nivel socioeconómico, edad o grado de escolaridad, de los casos. Las categorías resultantes fueron: autoreconocimiento y crecimiento personal, vínculo, comunicación, utilidad, satisfacción y respuestas. Conclusiones. Se requiere explorar las estrategias utilizadas a través del blog, incluir redes de soporte social en línea y generar una escala de soporte social percibido con uso de tecnologías, acorde al contexto latinoamericano.

To examine the phenomenon of social support using the blog paratucuidadoenlinea in people with chronic illness. Method: Exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach, held in Bogotá in 2010, through a case study with 8 people with chronic illness who were linked to paratucuidadoenlinea blog. The intervention lasted four months and consisted of providing a service available 16 hours a day on the blog to respond to cases. The information was obtained by observations in field journals of each of the cases and semi-structured interviews conducted after the intervention. The data analysis included the organization of daily reports from the field in each case, transcription of the holdings of the cases through the chat and/or forums and interviews, building codes and categories that describe the perception of individuals with regard to the strategy. Results: The blog was used to obtain social support, regardless of socioeconomic status, age or education level, of the cases. The resulting categories were: self-recognition and personal growth, connection, communication, utility, satisfaction and responses. Conclusions: Is required to explore strategies used throughout the blog, include social support networks online and generate a scale of perceived social support use of technology, according to the Latin American context.