ABSTRACT
Os programas de transferência condicionada de renda têm crescentemente desempenhado um papel importante no combate à pobreza em vários países da América Latina, principalmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a contribuição do programa Bolsa Família na diminuição da desigualdade da renda domiciliar per capita no Brasil, entre 2006 e 2011. Para isso, analisa-se a participação relativa de oito fontes de renda trabalho, aposentadorias, programa Bolsa Família (variável proxy), pensões, abonos, doações, aluguéis e juros no Brasil e nas suas cinco macrorregiões. Assim, além do artigo detalhar a técnica matemática utilizada para decompor o Índice de Gini, apresenta e discute os resultados empíricos encontrados para o Brasil e suas macrorregiões. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se a capacidade do programa Bolsa Família em contribuir para a queda da desigualdade da renda domiciliar nacional, o que se explica por sua acentuada focalização.
The programs of conditional cash transfer has played an increasingly important role in combating poverty in several countries in Latin America, mainly Brazil. The objective of this paper is to analyze the contribution of the Bolsa Família program in reducing inequality in per capita household income in Brazil between 2006 and 2011 For this, we analyze the relative participation of eight sources of income working, retirements, Scholarship Program family ( proxy variable), pensions, allowances, grants, rents and interest in the five macro-regions of Brazil. Thus, besides the article detailing the mathematical technique used to decompose the Gini Index, presents and discusses the empirical results found for Brazil and its geographical regions. Among the results highlighted the ability of the Bolsa Família program in contributing to the downfall of the national household income inequality, which is explained by its sharp focus.
Subject(s)
Socioeconomic Factors , Government Programs , Per Capita IncomeABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the efficiency and differences of China Community Health Service, to analyze the shares of eastern-middle-western regional differences and the difference within each region in the total efficiency difference. Methods: The super efficiency DEA model and decomposition of Gini coefficient by Subgroups are used to analyze the provincial data in China from 2008 to 2011. Results: The eastern-central-western regional difference is the major cause of the efficiency differences in China Community Health Service. In the meantime, the shares of the difference within each region in the total efficiency difference are also non-negligible. Conclusion: To narrow the efficiency differences among eastern, central and western areas; improve the inter-regional flow of community health service resources; improve the support and supervision on the backward regions; make regional policies to coordinate the internal resources of community health services and strengthen the assessment mechanism using efficiency as the indicator.