ABSTRACT
Complete duplication of testicular veins is a rare phenomenon. However, a few cases of duplication of gonadal veins have been reported. Here, I report a case of unusual formation and termination of the right testicular vein in an adult male cadaver. Five veins arose from the pampinniform plexus and entered the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring. The most medial among the five was large (3 mm in diameter) and it continued as a testicular vein and opened into the right edge of the inferior vena cava, 1 cm above the union of the common iliac veins. The other four veins were about 1 mm in diameter and they united to form two veins in front of the lower part of the right psoas and iliacus muscles (about 2 cm above the deep inguinal ring) and the two veins united to form upper testicular vein, 4 cm above the deep inguinal ring. This testicular vein was 3 mm in diameter and it opened into the inferior vena cava, 4 cm above the union of common iliac veins. Having five veins at deep inguinal ring might increase the chances of varicocele and decrease the chances of indirect inguinal hernia.
La duplicación completa de las venas testiculares es un fenómeno raro. Sin embargo, se han reportado algunos casos de duplicación de venas gonadales. En el presente trabajo se informa un caso de formación y terminación inusual de la vena testicular derecha en un cadáver de un hombre adulto. Cinco venas surgieron del plexo pampiniforme y penetraron en el abdomen a través del anillo inguinal profundo. El más medial entre los cinco fue de gran tamaño (3 mm de diámetro) y continuó como una vena testicular y se abrió hacia el margen derecho de la vena cava inferior, 1 cm por encima de la unión de las venas ilíacas comunes. Las cuatro venas restantes eran de 1 mm de diámetro aproximadamente, y se unieron para formar dos venas frente a la parte inferior de los músculos psoas e ilíaco derechos (aproximadamente 2 cm por encima del anillo inguinal profundo). Se unieron dos venas para formar la vena testicular superior, la cual medía 3 mm de diámetro y se abría hacia la vena cava inferior, 4 cm por encima de la unión de las venas ilíacas comunes. Cinco venas en el anillo inguinal profundo podrían aumentar las posibilidades de varicocele y disminuir las posibilidades de una hernia inguinal indirecta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Veins/abnormalities , Inguinal Canal/blood supply , Testis/blood supply , Varicocele/etiology , Vena Cava, Inferior/abnormalities , Gonads/blood supply , Hernia, Inguinal/etiologyABSTRACT
Background: The inguinal canal is an oblique intermuscular passage lying above the medial half of the inguinalligament. Its size and form vary with age and sex, although it is present in both sexes, it is most well developedin male. The inguinal canal in both sexes has been studied by many workers both in India and in other countries.It is observed that the inguinal hernia and recurrence of hernia after surgery is very common in the kosi regionof Bihar. This observational study may help the surgeons during the operation of inguinal hernia.Materials and Methods: Present study conducted at the department of Anatomy, Katihar medical college andhospital Katihar and Lord Buddha Kosi Medical College, Saharsa during the period of 2010 to 2016. The cadaverprovided for dissection to the student of first professional MBBS, are selected for the study. Cadavers withinjured groin region are not taken for the study. Measurements were done by stainless steel scale and spreadingcalliper during dissection of groin region.Results: Anatomy of inguinal canal, superficial inguinal ring, the deep inguinal ring and the related structureswas studied in details in 50 cadavers in the dissection hall at the time of dissection. During this study I havefound that the average length of inguinal canal in the male was 38.35 mm. The longest diameter of deep inguinalring is 13 mm and smallest diameter is 9 mm. The average measurement of superficial inguinal ring was 12mmalong the base and 24mm from apex to base.Conclusion: At the end of the study I have found a little variation from the established facts related to diameter ofsuperficial inguinal ring, position of deep inguinal ring and direction of fibres of external oblique aponeurosis.