ABSTRACT
Examina as expressões de demofobia da classe política da Primeira República, em faces das manifestações do povo carioca, relacionando-as à necessidade de mudar para o interior a sede do governo federal. A literatura demófoba produzida pelos liberais europeus contrários à democratização em seus países impregnou a orientação da classe política brasileira do período. Empenhados em construir uma federação oligárquica, viam a população do Rio de Janeiro como uma ameaça. Contra um subversivo povo-multidão de uma capital cosmopolita, artificial e estrangeirada, o federalismo oligárquico valorizava um ‘autêntico' povo brasileiro que remetia ao imaginário de uma população interiorana e ordeira.
This study examines the expressions of demophobia of the political class of the First Republic, faced with demonstrations against the government in Rio de Janeiro, and relates them to the need to move to the seat of the federal government inland. The demophobic literature produced by liberal Europeans against democratization in their countries pervaded the orientation of the Brazilian political class during the period. Committed to building an oligarchic federation, they saw the population of Rio de Janeiro as a threat. Compared to a subversive crowd of people in a huge, artificial capital suffering from foreign influence, oligarchic federalism valued the ‘authentic' Brazilian people, referred to the image of a provincial, orderly population.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Politics , Population , Hazards , Agoraphobia/history , Brazil , Federal Government , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
This article aims to demonstrate the existence of demophobic principles in the theory of modern democracy. Liberal theoretical propositions decreed the subsumption of the demos in the government of all, reduction of the presence of the masses in politics, the exteriority of their modes of organization, and rationalization of administration of "the many". The study focuses on liberal thinkers from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries, but is not limited to them. The result is the enunciation of a political oxymoron (demophobic democracy), which also appears as an epistemological obstacle to democratic experimentation.
Dans cet article, on cherche à montrer l'existence de principes de démophobie dans la théorie de la démocratie moderne. On observe que des propositions théoriques libérales ont tranché sur le fait de subsumer le demos dans le gouvernement de tous, la restriction de la présence des masses dans le politique, l'extériorité des modes d'organisation et la rationalisation de la gestion du "grand nombre". On souligne que cette étude ne concerne que des penseurs libéraux influents de la fin du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle, mais sans s'attarder sur eux. Le résultat est l'énoncé d'un oxymoron politique (la démocratie démophobique), qui apparaít aussi comme un obstacle épistémologique à l'expérimentation démocratique.