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Objective:To analyze the characteristics of demoralization in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the differences of death anxiety among these types using latent profile analysis.Methods:Based on the cross-sectional design, 216 patients with primary liver cancer undergoing TACE of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected by convenient sampling method from July 2018 to May 2021, and were investigated by using the general data questionnaire, Demoralization Scale and Templer′s Death Anxiety Scale.Results:A total of 139 cases (64.4%) with high demoralization and 120 cases (55.6%) with high death anxiety were detected. The patients were divided into four subtypes: 67 cases(31.0%) in the emotional distress group, 52 cases(24.1%) in the high risk group, 72 cases (33.3%) in the sense loss group, and 25 cases (11.6%) in the low risk group. Tumor stage and working status were the main factors affecting the characteristic classification of demoralization ( β=2.615, 2.085, both P<0.05). There were significant differences in death anxiety among different subtypes of patients ( H=77.00, P<0.01). Conclusions:The level of death anxiety is higher in patients with primary liver cancer after TACE surgery, and there are differences in different subtypes of patients with demoralization. Medical staff should formulate targeted intervention measures for different subtypes of patients to reduce their symptoms of demoralization and death anxiety.
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Objective:To investigate distinct trahectories of demoralization of maintenance hemodialysis patients in young and middle-aged adults, and analyze the factors that affect the trajectory category, so as to provides reference for formulating individualized intervention strategies.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From April 2020 to April 2021, young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis patients fromShangyu People′s Hospital were collected by convenience sampling method and conducted 4-time follow-up investigation. The survey tools included general information questionnaire, Demoralization Scale Mandarin Version (DS-MV) and Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-Short Form (ECR-S). Latent class growth model was used to identify trajectory patterns of demoralization, Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of demoralization trajectories.Results:Totally, 105 patients were enrolled in the present study. Three distinct trajectories were identified and named as "table high level group" 24 cases, "slow reduction group" 39 cases and "continuous reduction group" 42 cases. Univariate analysis showed that age, occupational status, average income per person in family, number of comorbidities, attachment anxiety scores were related to the category of demoralization trajectories ( F = 15.92, χ2 values were 9.16-15.95, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupational status, average income per person in family, number of comorbidities, and attachment anxiety scores were important predictors of patterns of demoralization trajectories in young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis patients. Conclusions:This study identified three distinct demoralization trajectories in young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis patients, clinical nursing should formulate individualized intervention strategies according to the types of patients′ delirium trajectories.
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Resumen Este estudio analiza la percepción del sistema normativo, su relación con las emociones que derivan de dicha evaluación y componentes de la identidad nacional en Argentina, Perú y Venezuela. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 799 personas. Por una parte, los resultados dan cuenta de una percepción negativa del sistema normativo en los países estudiados, una alta sensación de desmoralización social y una balanza emocional negativa ante el funcionamiento del sistema normativo; por otra, muestran puntuaciones medias-altas en las medidas de identificación con el colectivo nacional y la autoestima colectiva. A partir de un análisis de senderos se observa que la percepción del sistema normativo genera sensaciones de desmoralización social, emociones negativas, ausencia de emociones positivas, disminución de la autoestima colectiva e, indirectamente, una menor identificación con el colectivo nacional. Es decir, la percepción negativa del sistema normativo repercute negativamente a nivel emocional en los ciudadanos, debilita la sensación de justicia distributiva informal y disminuye los sentimientos de orgullo y satisfacción por la patria.
Abstract The study analyzes the perception of the normative system,its relation to the emotions deriving from that evaluation,and components of national identity in Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela, in a sample of 799 persons. On the one hand, results show a negative perception of the normative system in the countries studied, a high sense of social demoralization, and a negative emotional balance regarding the functioning of the normative system. On the other hand, they show medium-high scores in measurements of identification with the national collective and collective self-esteem. Path analysis shows that the perception of the normative system generates feelings of social demoralization, negative emotions, absence of positive emotions, decrease in collective self-esteem, and, indirectly, a lower identification with the national collective. That is, the negative perception of the normative system has negative repercussions on citizens' emotional level, weakens the sense of informal distributive justice, and decreases the feelings of pride and satisfaction with the homeland.
Resumo Este estudo analisa a percepção do sistema normativo, sua relação com as emoções que derivam dessa avaliação e os componentes da identidade nacional na Argentina, no Peru e na Venezuela. A amostra esteve composta por 799 pessoas. Por um lado, os resultados indicam uma percepção negativa do sistema normativo nos países estudados, uma alta sensação de desmoralização social e uma balança emocional negativa ante o funcionamento do sistema normativo; por outro, mostram pontuações médias e altas nas medidas de identificação com o coletivo nacional e com a autoestima coletiva. A partir de uma análise de trilha (Path analysis), observa-se que a percepção do sistema normativo gera sensações de desmoralização social, emoções negativas, ausência de emoções positivas, diminuição da autoestima coletiva e, indiretamente, uma menor identificação com o coletivo nacional. Isto é, a percepção negativa do sistema normativo repercute negativamente no âmbito emocional nos cidadãos, enfraquece a sensação de justiça distributiva informal e reduz os sentimentos de orgulho e satisfação pela pátria.
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Objective To examine the impact of liver cancer patients′ depression, anxiety, psychological distress on demoralization. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 116 liver cancer patients using Demoralization Scale-Mandarin Version, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Herth Hope Index, Distress Thermometer. Results The average score of demoralization was 33.22 ± 14.85. Analysis of variance showed that the demoralization syndrome′s difference caused by degree of working state, monthly incomewas significant(F=3.795-4.147, P<0.05), correlation analysis showed that patients′demoralization was positively correlated with depression,anxiety, psychological pain,the problems encountered,and negatively correlated with the level of hope(r=0.344-0.601, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that working state,depression and hope level explained 50.0％ of the total variance of liver cancer patients′ demoralization. Conclusions Patients with liver cancer have higher levels of demoralization, psycho-physiological symptom can predict it, and the nurses should pay more attention to patients with demoralization.
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Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, desde una perspectiva psicosocial, la percepción de transgresión normativa y las repercusiones emocionales que ello trae aparejado, así como evaluar la relación con otras variables como la identificación con el colectivo nacional, la autoestima colectiva nacional y la auto-percepción de clase social de los participantes. Para ello se diseñó un estudio no-experimental, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto administrado a 320 venezolanos residentes en Caracas. Los resultados del análisis de senderos indican que hay una mala percepción del sistema normativo asociada a sentimientos negativos, menores niveles de identificación con el colectivo nacional y de sentimientos de orgullo nacional. También se halló que los participantes que se autodefinen de clase más baja perciben más positivamente el sistema normativo que los de clase más alta.
Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze, from a psychosocial perspective, the perception of normative system and the emotional repercussions that this brings with it, and to assess the relationship with other variables such as identification with the national collective, the national self-esteem and the participant's self-perception of social. For this purpose a non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and correlational study was designed. A self-administered to 320 Venezuelans resident of Caracas questionnaire was applied. The results of the path analysis indicate that the negative perception of the normative system is associated with negative feelings, lower levels of identification with the collective and national feelings of national pride. It was also found that participants who auto-define as lower class citizen perceive the normative system more positively than citizen of higher class.