Occupational protection effect of two protective devices for manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces on operators / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational protective effect of different protective devices on the operators during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces, and to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate protective methods. Methods: From November 2020 to December 2021, 20 high-speed dental handpieces of the same brand were selected and randomly divided into disposable protective bag group and small aerosol safety cabinet group by drawing lots, with 10 in each group. After recording the model, they were distributed to the clinical fixed consulting room for use, and were collected by specially-assigned personnel every day for manual cleaning under the protection of the two devices. By measuring the number of airborne colonies, the concentrations of particulate matter and the satisfaction of operators, the occupational protection effect of the two protective devices on operators was evaluated. Results: Under the protection of the two devices, the average number of airborne colonies after operation was less than 1 CFU/ml. When no protective device was used, the number concentration of particulate matter produced during operation was (21595.70±8164.26) pieces/cm(3). The number concentrations of particles produced by disposable protective bag group [ (6800.24±515.05) pieces/cm(3)] and small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (5797.15±790.50) pieces/cm(3)] were significantly lower than those without any protective device (P<0.001). The number concentration of particle matter of small aerosol safety cabinet group was significantly lower than that of disposable protective bag group (P<0.001). In the satisfaction evaluation of operators, small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (3.53±0.82) points] was significantly better than disposable protective bag group [ (2.23±1.10) points] (P<0.001) . Conclusion: The use of small aerosol safety cabinet during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces has good protective effect, superior safety performance and strong clinical applicability, and has advantages in occupational protection of clinical operators.

La technologie CAD CAM: enquête auprès des techniciens dentaires de la ville de Rabat / CAD/CAM-Technology: A Survey among dental technicians in Rabat

La profession de prothésiste dentaire évolue et s'inscrit pleinement dans l'ère numérique. Cette révolution technologique s'est fait connaître sous le nom de CFAO dentaire (conception et fabrication Assistées par ordinateur), qui regroupe l'ensemble des étapes de numérisation et de conception informatique (CAO) et celles de fabrication à l'aide des machines-outils (FAO). La CFAO dentaire date de plus de 40 ans avec la thèse du Dr François Duret en 1973 intitulée « l'empreinte optique ¼, son développement a été, et reste encore, intimement dépendant des évolutions et des progrès de l'ingénierie et de l'informatique. Au sein du laboratoire de prothèse dentaire, la CFAO a connu une ascension fulgurante. En effet, cette technique a totalement modifié la pratique quotidienne des prothésistes dentaires en remplaçant certaines techniques traditionnelles. Cette nouvelle façon de concevoir les prothèses a permis ainsi aux laboratoires d'améliorer leurs travaux en termes de précision, de reproductibilité et de diversité des matériaux, tout cela en diminuant les erreurs en liaison avec le facteur humain. La CFAO a-elle véritablement remplacé les techniques conventionnelles dans la réalisation des prothèses dentaires ? Présente-t-elle de véritables avantages pour les prothésistes ? La CFAO a-t-elle un avenir au sein des futurs laboratoires de prothèse dentaire ? C'est dans ce sens que ce travail a été mené, afin d'étudier l'intégration et l'utilisation de la CFAO au laboratoire dentaire, à travers une enquête descriptive auprès des prothésistes dentaires exerçant dans la ville de Rabat, et de comprendre l'impact de cette technique sur l'exercice quotidien du prothésiste.

The dental technician profession is evolving and is fully integrated into the digital era. This technological revolution has become known under the name of dental CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing), which includes all the steps of digitization and computer design (CAD) and those of manufacturing with the help of machine tools (CAM). Dental CAD/CAM dates back more than 40 years with the thesis of Dr. François Duret in 1973 entitled "the optical impression", its development has been, and still is, intimately dependent on the evolution and progress of engineering and computer science. In the dental laboratory, CAD/CAM is on a meteoric rise. Indeed, this technique has completely changed the daily practice of dental technicians by replacing certain traditional techniques. This new way of designing prostheses has enabled laboratories to improve their work in terms of precision, reproducibility, and diversity of materials while reducing errors related to the human factor. Has CAD/CAM replaced conventional techniques in producing dental prostheses? Does it offer real advantages for dental technicians? Does CAD/CAM have a future in the dental laboratories of the future? In this sense, this work was conducted to study the integration and use of CAD/CAM in the dental laboratory through a descriptive survey of dental technicians practicing in the city of Rabat and to understand the impact of this technique on the daily practice of the prosthetist.

Avaliação dos impactos financeiros gerados pela pandemia da Covid-19 aos técnicos de prótese dentária no Brasil / Assessing the financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on denture technicians in Brazil

Resumo Introdução a pandemia da Covid-19 e medidas de controle da sua expansão impactaram diferentes segmentos da economia, dentre eles os profissionais da Odontologia. Objetivo este trabalho analisou o impacto financeiro gerado pela pandemia da Covid-19 aos técnicos de prótese dentária (TPDs) no Brasil. Material e método por meio de um estudo transversal descritivo, aplicou-se aos TPDs do Brasil um questionário relacionado ao perfil sociodemográfico e profissional, impacto financeiro e medidas adotadas para minimizar seus efeitos. O questionário foi aplicado de forma on-line em redes sociais entre 27 de janeiro e 15 de fevereiro de 2021. Resultado demonstrou-se que 59,8% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino; 47,5% até 30 anos de idade e 57,3% com menos de 10 anos de prática. As medidas para contenção da propagação do coronavírus impactaram financeiramente 89,6% dos participantes; 72,0% interromperam totalmente seus trabalhos; 97,7% tiveram redução no faturamento; 98,2% tiveram mudança na rotina de trabalho; 94,8% tiveram aumento das despesas do laboratório no período; houve queda do faturamento para 41,2% entre 0% e 25,0% e para 36,3% entre 25,0% e 50,0%; 66,6% continuaram trabalhando durante a pandemia devido à sua situação financeira. Não pensaram em fechar seu laboratório de forma definitiva 71,8% dos participantes; 92,2% seguiram rotineiramente os cuidados de higienização e 21,6% fizeram uso das reservas financeiras. Conclusão os TPDs tiveram impacto financeiro durante o período da pandemia da Covid-19 causado principalmente pela diminuição da carga horária de trabalho, redução do faturamento e aumento do custo operacional devido à mudança na rotina de biossegurança.

Abstract Introduction the COVID-19 pandemic and measures to control its expansion impacted different segments of the economy, including dentistry professionals. Objective this study analyzed the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental technicians in Brazil. Material and method this is a descriptive cross-sectional study with the application of a questionnaire of sociodemographic and professional profile, financial impact, and effect containment measures to dental technicians in Brazil. The questionnaire was applied online on social networks between January 27 and February 15, 2021. Result 59.8% of the participants were male, with 47.5% aged up to 30 years, and 57.3% with less than 10 years of practice. The measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus had a financial impact on 89.6% of the participants: 72.0% had their work completely interrupted, 97.7% had their billing reduced, 98.2% changed their work routine, and 94.8% had higher laboratory expenses in the period. Revenue decreased between 0% and 25.0% for 41.2% and between 25.0% and 50.0% for 36.3%. In addition, 66.6% continued working during the pandemic due to their financial situation. 71.8% of the participants did not consider closing their laboratory permanently, whereas 92.2% followed hygiene protocols routinely and 21.6% made use of their financial reserves. Conclusion dental technicians were financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly caused by fewer working hours, revenue reduction, and higher operating costs due to the change in the biosafety routine.

Pulmonary Foreign Body Granulomatosis in Dental Technician / 결핵및호흡기질환

Occupational lung diseases are caused by several toxic substances including heavy metals; however, the exact pathologic mechanisms remain unknown. In the workplace, dental technicians are often exposed to heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, or beryllium and occasionally develop occupational lung diseases. We described a case of occupational lung disease in a patient who was employed as a dental technician for over a decade. A 31-year-old, non-smoking woman presented with productive cough and shortness of breath of several weeks duration. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of scattered, bilateral small pulmonary nodules throughout the lung field, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed multifocal small granulomas with foreign body type giant cells suggestive of heavy metals inhalation. The patient's condition improved on simple avoidance strategy for several months. This case highlighted the importance of proper workplace safety.

Medidas de Segurança Adotadas por Técnicos de Prótese Dentária da Paraíba durante a Manipulação da Resina Acrílica / Safety Measures Adopted by Prosthetic Technicians in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, During the use of Acrylic Resin

O metacrilato de metila, material largamente utilizado naconfecção de próteses dentárias, apresenta níveis de toxicidadecomprovados. Por essa razão, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar,em técnicos de prótese dentária de 4 cidades do Estado da Paraíba,os sinais e sintomas que ocorrem após a exposição às resinas acrílicase as medidas de segurança adotadas durante o seu processamento.Material e Métodos: Usou-se um questionário direcionado ao tipo deserviço prestado, tempo de trabalho com a resina, sinais e sintomasdecorrentes da exposição e medidas de segurança adotadas durantea manipulação. A amostra foi constituída por 50 profissionais atuantesnas cidades de João Pessoa (44%), Campina Grande (24%), Sousa(18%) e Cajazeiras (14%). Resultados: Verificou-se que 72% dostécnicos trabalham por mais de 10 anos com a resina acrílica. Apósa manipulação, em curto prazo, 26% dos profissionais relataram irritaçãonos olhos, 18% dor de cabeça e 14% irritação nas narinas. Em longoprazo, 10% dos profissionais informaram sobre irritação nas narinas,8% irritação na pele e 6% dificuldade para respirar. Oitenta e quatropor cento (84%) dos profissionais informaram não conhecer técnicosde prótese que tenham desenvolvido problemas de saúde atribuídosao uso da resina. Oito por cento (8%) dos entrevistados jáapresentavam alguma alteração de saúde decorrente da profissão.Durante o processamento da resina os cuidados mais frequentesforam manter a circulação do ar (82%), uso de máscaras cirúrgicas(76%) e uso de óculos de proteção (28%). Conclusões: Concluiu-seque os técnicos de prótese dentária das cidades envolvidas estãosujeitos a uma série de doenças profissionais por desconhecerem atoxicidade das resinas acrílicas e não empregarem métodos desegurança eficazes...

Methyl methacrylate is a material widely used inprosthodontics which has been found to cause toxic effects. Therefore,this study aims to evaluate the signs and symptoms that occur afterexposure to acrylic resins and the safety measures taken during theiruse by prosthetic technicians from four cities in the state of Paraiba,Brazil. Material and Methods: We applied a questionnaire addressingthe topics: type of service performed, time of working with the resin,signs and symptoms resulting from their exposure and safetymeasures taken during material handling. The sample consisted of 50professionals working in the cities of João Pessoa (44%), CampinaGrande (24%), Sousa (18%) and Cajazeiras (14%). Results: It wasfound that 72% of technicians had been working with acrylic resin forover 10 years. After short-term manipulation, 26% of professionalsreported having had eye irritation, 18% headache and 14% itchynose. In long-term exposures, 10% of professionals reported havinghad itchy nose, 8% skin irritation and 6% difficulty to breath. Eightyfourpercent (84%) of practitioners reported not knowing any prosthetictechnician who had experienced health issues attributed to the use ofresin. Eight percent (8%) of respondents had already had occupationalhealth issues. During the processing of resin, the most frequentlymeasures taken were: keep the air circulation (82%), use of surgicalmasks (76%) and use of goggles (28%). Conclusion: Based on theseresults, we concluded that the prosthetic technicians of the earlymentioned cities are susceptible to several occupational diseasesdue to be unaware of the toxicity of acrylic resins and not to employeffective safety methods...

Evaluation of alternative dispositives to the face-bow for mounting casts in semi-adjustable articulator / Avaliação de dispositivo alternativo ao arco facial para montagem de modelos em articulador semi ajustável

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative technique to face-bow for mounting casts in semi-adjustable articulators. Material and methods. Nine students from the 8th and 10th periods of the Federal University of Goias, aged over 18 years and whom presented complete natural dentition were included in the study. The four cast maxillaries of each subject were mounted in a single semi-adjustable articulator, using one of the following mounting techniques: face-bow, universal mounting jig of 0º, of 15º or universal mounting jig of 20º. On each side of the articulator three points were defined: one in the articulator (A, in the condylar region) and two in the cast (B and C). Images were obtained on each side of the articulator. Using Image J software, "the angle" "?" formed by the intersection of the line segments AB/BC was acquired. The level of significance was set at ? = 0.05. Results. Only the universal mounting jig of 15 degrees was not significantly different to the face-bow. Whereas, the universal jigs of zero and 20 degrees, showed differences to the face-bow and the 15º universal jig (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The universal mounting jig could represent an alternative to the face-bow and might encourage the use of a semi-adjustable articulator, which has been shown to be indispensable in a large number of clinical situations.

Objetivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar uma técnica alternativa ao arco facial para montagem de modelos em articuladores semi-ajustáveis. Material e métodos. Nove estudantes do 8º e 10º períodos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, com mais de 18 anos e que apresentou dentição natural completa foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro modelos do arco superior de cada sujeito foram montados em um único articulador semi-ajustável, usando uma das seguintes técnicas de montagem: arco facial, plano de camper de 0º, 15º ou 20º. Em cada lado do articulador foram definidos três pontos: um no articulador (A, na região do côndilo) e dois no moldelo (B e C). As imagens foram obtidas em cada um dos lados do articulador. Usando o software Image J, o "?" ângulo formado pela intersecção dos segmentos de linha AB / BC foi adquirido. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em ? = 0,05. Resultados. Apenas o plano de camper de 15º, não foi significativamente diferente do arco facial. Enquanto que, os plano de camper de zero e 20º, mostraram diferenças para o arco facial e o plano de 15º (p <0,05). Conclusões. O plano de camper pode representar uma alternativa para o arco facial e pode encorajar o uso de um articulador semi-ajustável, o qual tem sido mostrado ser indispensável num grande número de situações clínicas.

Perfil dos alunos dos cursos de técnico em prótese dentária do estado da Paraíba / Profile of students of the dental technician courses in the state of Paraíba

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos alunos dos cursos técnicos em prótese dentária do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. O universoda pesquisa compreendeu todos os estudantes de 18 a 61 anos de idade regularmente matriculados nos cursos de formação de Técnicos em Prótese Dentária(TPD) do estado da Paraíba. A amostra do tipo não probabilística foi composta por114 alunos, em ambos os sexos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um examinador nas 4 escolas existentes no estado, mediante aplicação de questionário específico. Os dados foram organizados com o software Excel®. Resultados: a maioria dos alunos é do sexo masculino (59,6%), têm entre 30 e 39anos (41,2%), possuem renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos (46,5%), são casados(56,1%) e oriundos do estado da Paraíba (46,4%). Mais de um terço dos alunos(38,6%) possuem parentes atuando como TPD. O principal motivo para escolha do curso foi a pessoal (37,9%). Verificou-se que 39,5% participaram de congressos e33,3% pretendem trabalhar na área de prótese total. Conclusão: a maioria dos alunos do curso técnico em prótese dentária é do sexo masculino, de baixa renda familiar e casado. Muitos possuem familiares atuando na profissão, sendo a escolha pessoal o fator determinante para o ingresso na profissão. A maioria pretende atuar nas áreas de prótese total e prótese fixa.

Aim: to characterize the profile of students of technical dental courses in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Methodology: an observational cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. The research sample comprised all students aged 18 to 61 years of age enrolled in courses for Dental Technicians (TPD) in Paraíba state. The non-probability sample consisted of 114 students of both genders. Data collection was carried out by an examiner in four schools in the state, and a specific questionnaire was applied. Data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet. Results: most students are male (59.6%), are aged between 30 and 39 (41.2%), have family income of up to two minimum wages (46.5%), are married (56.1%) and from the state of Paraíba (46.4%). More than a third of students (38.6%) have relatives working as DPT. The majority (37.9%) of the sample chose this course for personal reasons. It was found that 39.5% had participated in congresses and 33.3% intend to work in the field of complete dentures. Conclusion: the majority of the students of dental technician courses are male, of lower income and married. Many have relatives working in the profession, the personal choice was the determining factor for entry into the profession and they intend to work in the fields of dentures and fixed prostheses.

The Assessment of Pulmonary Function in Dental Technicians / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Dental technicians are exposed to various toxic materials in the workplace. The objectives of this study were to assess the pulmonary function of dental technicians and to evaluate the association between work-related factors and pulmonary function of dental technicians. METHODS: Study subjects were 209 dental technicians in the Korean Dental Technologist Association. A self-report questionnaire including general characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and work-related characteristics was conducted on study subjects, and a pulmonary function test (PFT) was done. Study subjects were classified into two groups(normal and abnormal pulmonary function) based on the pulmonary function test (PFT). RESULTS: 43 subjects (20.6%) among 209 subjects had abnormal pulmonary function. After adjusting for general characteristics such as age, sex, past medical history, familial history, and smoking status, the odds ratio for work duration (per year) was 1.42(95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14~1.83). After adjusting for general and work-related characteristics, the odds ratio for work duration (per year) was 1.48(95% CI 1.18~1.92). CONCLUSIONS: Dental technicians are exposed to hazardous materials, which might lead to abnormal pulmonary function. A long work duration could increase exposure time, thereby increasing the chance for abnormal pulmonary function. Therefore, pulmonary function tests should be carried out periodically in dental technicians to ensure their pulmonary health.

Perfil do Técnico em Prótese Dentária no município de Campina Grande-PB / Profile of dental prosthetic technique in Campina Grande-PB

Objetivo: Objetivou-se, com este estudo, elaborar um perfil dos profissionais Técnicos de Prótese Dentária (TPD) do Município de Campina Grande-PB. Método: Desenvolveu-se uma investigação quantitativa mediante o desenho de estudo do tipo transversal, com a coleta de dados realizada através de questionário, contendo os elementos de identificação e questões relativas à vida profissional. Entrevistaram-se 25 profissionais de um total de 31 inscritos no Conselho Regional de Odontologia (CRO) neste Município. Resultados: Com base nas respostas obtidas, constatou-se que a maioria (96,0%) é do sexo masculino. A faixa etária predominante variou entre 41 e 50 anos (48,0%). Observou-se que 84,0% possuem curso de formação e mais da metade, (64,0%), escolheu a profissão por indicação de terceiros e/ou da família. Em relação à renda mensal, a faixa mais citada oscilou de 8 a 12 salários mínimos (31,5%), e 56% consideram a relação com o Cirurgião-Dentista boa ou ótima.Conclusão: Há necessidade de discutir e construir parâmetros de satisfação profissional que possam ser utilizados para o melhor conhecimento da realidade desta categoria auxiliar em Odontologia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the professional profile and describe the satisfaction of dental prosthetic technicians (DPT), in the city of Campina Grande. Method: A quantitative investigation with a cross sectional design was carried out, and the data were collected through a questionnaire containing identification data and questions about satisfaction with the profession life. The study interviewed 25 professionals out of a total of 31 enrolled in the Regional Council of Dentistry (CRO). Results: Based on the questionnaires, it was found that the majority (96.0%) is male, the predominant age group is between 41 to 50 years (48.0%), 84.0% have attended a professional course and more than half (64.0%) of the sample chose the profession after recommendation by a third-party or family member. The most common monthly income was in the range between 8 to 12 minimum salaries (31.5%) and 56% believe the relationship with the dentists to be good or excellent.Conclusion: It is important to discuss and design parameters for the professional satisfaction that can be used for better understanding of the reality of this group of dental assistants.

Projeto integrado de apoio técnico e laboratorial em prótese fixa da Escola Técnica de Saúde ­ Universidade Federal de Uberlândia / Integrated technical and laboratorial fixed prosthesis support project of the Technical School of Health ­ Federal University of Uberlandia

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo ofertar estágio profissionalizante para a educação profissional na área de prótese fixa, bem como suprir carências relacionadas à confecção técnica e laboratorial de elementos protéticos, para o desenvolvimento e suporte de clínicas de extensão e projetos de pesquisa da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (FOUFU), por meio da elaboração de trabalhos protéticos na área de prótese fixa nas dependências do Curso Técnico em Prótese Dentária da Escola Técnica de Saúde (CTPD/ESTES). Os trabalhos foram realizados em forma de estágio supervisionado, pelos estudantes da ESTES, que além de se capacitarem por meio de treinamento teórico/ prático, na confecção de diversos tipos de próteses, interagiram com trabalhos de pesquisa e ofertaram à comunidade carente a oportunidade de usufruírem de aparelhos de qualidade e sem custos (AU).

The present work aimed to offer professional training for professional education in the area of fixed prosthesis, and to address the technical and laboratorial deficiencies in making prosthetic elements, for the development and support of extension clinics and research projects of the Dental School of the Federal University of Uberlândia (FOUFU), by performing prosthetic work in the area of fixed prosthesis at the Technical Dental Prostheses Course facilities of the Technical School of Health (CTPD/ESTES). The work was performed as supervised training for the students of ESTES, who not only were qualified to make several types of prostheses through theoretical / practical training, but also based themselves on research work. They then offered the poor community the opportunity to use these quality devices at no cost (AU).

Dentistry in Korea during the Japanese Occupation / 의사학

The Japanese introduction of dentistry into Korea was for treating the Japanese residing in Korea Noda-Oji was the first Japanese dentist for Japanese people in Korea in 1893. and Narajaki doyoyo, an invited dentist was posted in the Korean headquarter of Japanese army in september, 1905. The imperialist Japan licensed the dental technicians (yipchisa) without limit and controled them generously so they could practice dentistry freely. This measure was contrary to that in Japan. (In Japan no new dental technician was licensed.) Komori, a dental technician opened his laboratory at Chungmuro in 1902. The dental technician had outnumerbered by 1920. In 1907, the first Korean dental technician Sung-Ryong Choi practiced dentistry in Jongno. The imperialist Japan made the regulation for dental technicians to set a limit to the advertisement and medical practice of dental technicians. The first Korean dentist Suk-Tae Ham was registered No. 1 in the dentist license. The Kyungsung dental school was established by Nagira Dasoni for the purpose of educating some korean people that contributed to Japanese colonization. It made progress with the help of Japan. it was given the approval of the establishment of the professional school in January the 25th, 1929. it was intended to produce Korean dentists in the first place but became the school for Japanese students later on. The association of Chosun dentist, which had been founded by Narajaki doyoyo, was managed by Japanese dentists in favor of the colonial ruling. The Hansung Association of Dentists established in 1925 was the organization made by the necessity of the association for Koreans only. the Japanese forcefully annexed the Association of Hansung Dentists (Koreans only) to the Association of Kyungsung Dentists to avoid collective actions of Korean dentists in the name of 'Naesunilche'--'Japan and Korea are one'. Their invading intention was shown in the event of 'decayed tooth preventive day'. Japanese controled the gold for dental treatment by licensing and limited the stuff for dental treatment by rationing. The association of Chosun dentists was a group organized for the academic purpose by Nagira Dasoni and etc. In October of 1919, where as the association of kyungsung dentists was constructed on the background of Nagira Dasoni. This establishment of the association of Kyungsung dentists represented a backlash against Ikuda singho having a complete control over the association of Chosun dentists. The number of Koreans who wrote to the Chosun Dental Science Academy was 27, and they wrote 75 articles, which amounted to 15% of 486 articles. The number of Koreans who wrote to the Kyungsung Dental Science Academy was 16, and they wrote 52 articles, which amounted to 11% of 481 articles. These had been a lot of improvement by activity backlash of the dental association. However, they experimented Korean people. The experiments included the experimental stimulation of dental pain by Nagira Dasoni, use of toxic agents on human bodies such as mercury, bismuth and carcinogenic benzole, and experimental treatments with a poor prognosis. Worst of all, the rapid discrimination was stressed. The different dentition according to races was the subject of comparison researches. The dangerous chemicals were sometimes used. The non-akaloid medication was investigated to relieve the dental pain but, the habitual side effects were not unusual by the overuse of morphine or heroin, which was known to be irrelevant due to their habitual side effect. The use of new and unproven material was recommended as well. Especially, the alloy that substituted gold, attracting attention, was substantiated by researches.

Development of Stress Measurement Tools in Korean Dental Laboratory Technicians / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to develop a proper self-administered survey instrument which can be used to measure psychiatric stress symptoms in Korean dental laboratory technicians, and to investigate the relationship between the symptom dimensions and stress inducing factors, such as psychological distress, stress inducing overload, work demand, work procedure and so forth in them. METHODS: Prepared questionnaires were mailed to 1,000 dental laboratory technicians who were systematically selected. There were 786 responses to the questionnaires. All the data obtained were analyzed with SAS program. RESULTS: Fifty items for the stress symptom checklist for dental technician(SCLD) were selected after a pilot test, interviews and literature reviews. Stress symptoms were classified into the following 6 categories, i.e, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility symptom. Factor analysis for validity was carried out for corroboration, using the SCL-90-R as a standard. CONCLUSION: SCLD had the reasonable reliability and validity. We believe that this study provides validity and reliability for new self-report questionnaire, it will make a significant contribution to assessment of stress symptoms.