Factors associated with dental cavity in children aged six to 36 months old, in Salvador-BA / Fatores associados à cárie dentária em crianças de seis a 36 meses, em Salvador-BA

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associatedwith dental cavity in early childhood. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study on oral health condition of 535 children aged between six and 36 months old, at Family Health Units, in Salvador-BA. Information was collected on socioeconomic conditions, mother and child's health, eating and oral hygiene habits, and oral examination. Results: the prevalence of dental cavity was 13.64% (CI95%=11.44 -15.84) and the factors associated were: child's age, number of rooms in the house, "Bolsa Família" (Family Welfare) benefit, prenatal consultations, birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: socioeconomic conditions strongly influenced oral health, as well as prenatal care and breastfeeding. To prevent childhood cavities, it is pertinent to invest in intersectoral actions and systematized programs, including the medical and nursing staff, as these actions are essential for integral care for the child's health and quality of life

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados à cárie dentária na primeira infância. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal das condições de saúde oral de 535 crianças entre seis e 36 meses, em Unidades de Saúde da Família, em Salvador-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, saúde da mãe e da criança, hábitos alimentares e de higiene oral e exame oral. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 13,64% (IC95%=11,44-15,84) e os fatores associados foram: idade da criança, número de cômodos da casa, benefício "Bolsa Família", consultas de pré-natal, peso ao nascer e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusões: as condições socioeconômicas influenciam fortemente na saúde oral, bem como o pré-natal e o aleitamento materno. Para prevenir cárie na infância, é pertinente investir em ações intersetoriais e programas sistematizados, incluindo a equipe médica e de enfermagem, pois estas ações são imprescindíveis para o cuidado integral à saúde da criança e qualidade de vida

Prevalencia y factores pronósticos de caries dental en la población de 15 a 19 años / Prevalence and prognostic factors of dental caries in population aged 15 to 19

Introducción: las edades entre 15 y 19 años es una etapa en la que se pueden consolidar actitudes y comportamientos saludables como los de prevención de la caries dental. Objetivos: identificar la prevalencia de caries dental y los factores pronósticos que conducen a la enfermedad en los adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de los consultorios 8 y 25 del Área de Salud Julián Grimau en el año 2012. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva. El universo fue de 120 adolescentes, residentes en el área que atienden los consultorios. Se exploraron variables de estado de salud bucal, características socioeconómicas, prácticas nocivas a la salud, y daños a la salud. La información se resumió en frecuencias absolutas y por cientos. Se aplicó la prueba estadística de independencia para identificar la asociación entre la presencia de caries dental y las variables estudiadas con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Para la identificación de los factores pronósticos, la muestra se dividió en dos grupos, los casos fueron los adolescentes con caries y los controles, los que no la tenían; se utilizó la regresión logística paso a paso y mediante el estadígrafo de Wald con una significación de 0,05 se agregaron las variables al modelo. Resultados: la caries dental estuvo presente en la tercera parte de los adolescentes. Los afectados presentaron más frecuentemente historia anterior de caries, placa dentobacteriana, uso de aparatos de ortodoncia, enfermedad periodontal, incorrecta calidad del cepillado, consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, condiciones inadecuadas de la vivienda; la ocupación de los adolescentes y de los padres respondía a menos remuneración. Los factores pronósticos de caries fueron: la historia anterior de caries dental, la enfermedad gingival, el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, el apiñamiento y la ocupación de la madre. Conclusiones: la presencia de caries estuvo relacionada con prácticas nocivas a la salud y aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos que a su vez son factores pronósticos para la aparición de una nueva afección dentaria de este tipo(AU)

Introduction: ages between 15 and 19 years is a stage in which attitudes and healthy behaviors such as the prevention of dental caries can be consolidated. Objectives: identify the prevalence of dental caries and the prognostic factors leading to disease in adolescents aged 15 to 19 assisted at medical practices 8 and 25 in Julian Grimau Health Area during 2012. Method: a descriptive research was conducted. The universe was 120 adolescents, residing in the health areas of these two medical practices. Variables were explored such as oral health status, socio-economic characteristics, harmful health practices, and health damage. Data is summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. Statistical independence test was applied to identify the association between the presence of dental caries and these variables with a significance level of 0.05. For identifying of prognostic factors, the sample was divided into two groups: cases (teenagers with cavities) and controls (those who did not have). The stepwise logistic regression was used and variables to the model were added through Wald statistic with 0.05 significance. Results: the third of adolescents had caries. Those affected presented more frequently previous history of caries, presence of plaque, use of braces, periodontal disease, improper brushing, cariogenic food consumption, inadequate housing conditions and the occupation of adolescents and their parents responded to low income salary. The caries prognostic factors were previous history of caries, the presence of gum disease, cariogenic foods, crowding and their mother´s occupation. Conclusions: the presence of caries was associated with harmful health practices and socio-economic and clinical aspects, which in turn forecasts the emergence of a new dental condition of such factors(AU)

Rehabilitación dental y trastornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes de Puebla, México / Temporomandibular dental rehabilitation and adolescent disorders of Puebla, México

OBJETIVO: determinar el factor de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes (TTM). METODOLOGIA: cohorte prospectiva realizada en 153 adolescentes, (52,9% mujeres y 47% hombres) libres de TTM. Para diagnosticar los TTM se utilizaron los Criterios Diagnósticos para la Investigación de los TTM (CDI/TTM), para determinar caries se aplicó el índice CPOD. Se formaron dos grupos, el grupo expuesto a rehabilitación dental (74), y el grupo no expuesto (79). Se realizaron seguimientos a las dos semanas, tres y seis meses de la rehabilitación dental. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se calculó el riesgo relativo con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Para el grupo de los expuestos, se incluyeron adolescentes libres de TTM en los que fue necesario realizar tratamiento de rehabilitación dental en órganos posteriores con caries en esmalte y dentina en fosas y fisuras. Para el grupo no expuesto, se incluyeron adolescentes pareados por edad y sexo con los expuestos, libres de TTM sin necesidades de rehabilitación dental. RESULTADOS : la incidencia de TTM a los quince días de los expuestos (18,9%) fue superior en contraste con los no expuestos (5,0%). El riesgo relativo de desarrollar TTM en los adolescentes rehabilitados con resina a las dos semanas posteriores a la rehabilitación fue de 2.412 (I.C. 95% 1.001-5,81) veces más que en aquellos que no fueron sometidos a la rehabilitación. CONCLUSION:la rehabilitación dental es un factor de riesgo mínimo para desarrollar TTM a corto plazo (15 días) de realizado el procedimiento, dicho padecimiento inducido por la rehabilitación dental es agudo y auto limitante.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk factor involved with developing temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adolescents. METHODOLOGY: Prospective cohort study carried out on 153 TMD-free adolescents (52.9% women and 47% women). In order to diagnose TMDs the Diagnostic Criteria for Research into TMDs (CDI/TMD), and the CPOD index was used to determine cavities. Two groups were formed: one exposed to dental rehabilitation (74) and one group unexposed (79). Follow-ups were performed two weeks, three months and six months after dental rehabilitation. Descriptive statistics were used and the relative risk was calculated with confidence intervals at 95%. Included in the exposed group were TMDfree adolescents in whom it was necessary to carry out dental rehabilitation treatment on rear teeth with cavities using enamel and dentin to fill in pits and fissures. Included in the unexposed group were adolescents paired with the exposed group based on age and sex, TMD-free and without the need for dental rehabilitation. RESULTS :The incidence of TMD two weeks subsequently in the exposed group (18.9%) was greater in contrast with the unexposed group (5.0%). The relative risk of carrying out TMD on adolescents rehabilitated with resin two weeks after rehabilitation was 2.412 (C.I. 95% 1.001-5.81) times more than in those that did not undergo rehabilitation. CONCLUSION:Dental rehabilitation is a minimum risk factor for carrying out TMD in the short term (two weeks) after the procedure, as this disease induced by rehabilitation is acute and self-limiting.

Algunos riesgos durante el embarazo en relación con la enfermedad periodontal y la caries dental en Yemen / Some risks during pregnancy related to periodontal disease and dental cavities in Yemen

Yemen es un país con grandes diferencias regionales en su estructura social, económica y de alfabetización, lo cual se demuestra en los índices de mortalidad materna, mortalidad infantil y morbilidad de los niños menores de 5 años y las existentes necesidades para el cuidado de salud de su población. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación nos propusimos valorar cómo influyen en el estado de salud bucal de la embarazada algunos riesgos biosociales identificados en la bibliografía. Para ello se realizó un estudio analítico transversal y fueron estudiadas todas las embarazadas encontradas en el Al Wahdah Teaching Hospital y en el policlínico de atención prenatal de Kormarzar, ambos situados en la ciudad de Adén, Yemen, durante un período de 8 meses. Las gestantes fueron clasificadas según nivel de riesgo (alto, moderado y bajo) y estos fueron relacionados con la presencia de caries dental y enfermedad periodontal(AU)

Yemen is a country with great regional differences in its social, economic and literacy structure, which is demonstrated in death mother mortality, children mortality of children aged younger than 5 and the present needs for health care of its population. Taking into account this situation our objective was to value how some biosocial risk factors identified in the bibliography may influence on the buccal health status in the pregnant. Thus, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted and also all pregnant seen in the Al Wahdah Teaching Hospital and in prenatal care polyclinic in Kormazar, both located in Aden city, Yemen during 8 months. Pregnants were classified according the risk level (high, moderate and low) and these were related to presence of dental cavities and periodontal disease(AU)

A saúde bucal de adolescentes: aspectos de higiene, de cárie dentária e doença periodontal nas cidades de Recife, Pernambuco e Feira de Santana, Bahia / Oral health among adolescents: aspects relating to hygiene, dental cavities and periodontal disease in the cities of Recife and Feira de Santana, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a saúde bucal de adolescentes nas cidades de Recife e Feira de Santana, pela avaliação de higiene bucal, cárie dentária e doença periodontal. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 40 adolescentes com 10 a 18 anos de idade em Recife, em estudo exploratório, em 2005 e, em Feira de Santana, 971 adolescentes com 12 anos idade, num estudo de prevalência, em 2002. Avaliaram-se: cárie, pelo número de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados; placa dentária visível, sangramento gengival e condição periodontal. Para análise, utilizaram-se os testes Quiquadrado, Kruskall-Wallis, Exato de Fisher, com intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos adolescentes realizavam higiene oral três vezes ao dia. Os valores do CPOD apresentaram mediana de 1,5 em Recife e médias de 1,89 nas escolas estaduais, 2,17 nas municipais e 2,39 nas particulares, em Feira de Santana. O sangramento gengival em Recife teve mediana de 27 por cento e, em Feira de Santana, a média de sextantes sadios foi de 4,36, 4,08 e 5,16, nas escolas estaduais, municipais e particulares respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência da cárie dentária foi baixa, a maioria dos adolescentes relatou bons hábitos de higiene bucal e a condição periodontal nos adolescentes foi favorável.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the oral health in adolescents in the cities of Recife and Feira de Santana, Northeast Brazil by assessment of personal hygiene and dental cavities and periodontal disease. METHOD: Forty adolescents between ten and eighteen years old were assessed through an exploratory study run in Recife in 2005. In Feira de Santana, 971 adolescents (twelve years old) were examined through a cross section study in 2002. It was assessed cavity status through the number of cavitied, missing and filled teeth, visible dental plaque, bleeding gums and periodontal status. The analysis was based on Chi-Square, Kruskall-Wallis and Fisher tests, with a confidence interval of 95 percent. RESULTS: The most of adolescents followed oral hygiene practices three times a day. The DMTF values presented a median of 1.5 in Recife and averages of 1.89 in state schools, 2.17 in municipal schools and 2.39 in private schools in Feira de Santana. The bleeding gum in Recife presented a median of 27 percent, and in Feira de Santana the healthy sextant averages of 4.36, 4.08 and 5.16 in state, municipal and private schools respectively. CONCLUSION: The frequency of the dental cavities was low, with most of the adolescents reporting good habits of oral hygiene and favorable periodontal conditions.

Prevalência de cárie em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil / Prevalence of cavities among adolescents in public and private schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de cárie em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas em João Pessoa (PB), Brasil, e comparar a média de CPOD com relação ao gênero, idade e nível de escolaridade da mãe. A amostra constou de 3.330 adolescentes de 12 a 15 anos de idade: 1.665 da rede pública e 1.665 da rede privada de ensino. Os critérios para avaliação do CPOD foram os adotados pela OMS (1997). A concordância de diagnóstico intra-examinadora foi aferida pelo teste Kappa (0,92). Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. A prevalência de cárie nas escolas públicas foi de 51,6 por cento e de 9,3 por cento nas privadas. A média de CPOD no gênero feminino foi de 4,79 e de 3,46 no masculino, nas escolas públicas (p<0,0001) e de 2,11 e de 1,65 (p=0,0007), nas escolas privadas. Na idade de 12 anos, foi de 3,37 nas escolas públicas e de 1,35 nas escolas privadas, enquanto aos 15 anos foi de 5,65 e 2,88, em ambas escolas, respectivamente. Para aqueles cujas mães concluíram o ensino superior, a média de CPOD foi de 4,21 na rede pública e de 1,81 na rede privada. A prevalência de cárie foi mais elevada em crianças da rede pública, no gênero feminino, aumentou com a idade e diminuiu com a elevação do nível de escolaridade da mãe.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of cavities among adolescents in public and private schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil, comparing the DMFT in terms of gender and age, as well as education levels and quality among mothers in these two types of schools. The sample consisted of 3,330 adolescents between twelve and fifteen years old: 1,665 attending public schools and 1,665 attending private schools. The DMFT was evaluated by the WHO criteria (1997), using the Kappa (0.92) intra-examiner agreement for cavity diagnoses and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical analyses. The prevalence of cavities in public schools was 51.6 percent, compared to 9.3 percent in private schools. The DMFT for girls was 4.79 and 3.46 for boys in public schools (p<0.0001) and 2.11 and 1.65 (p=0.0007) in private schools. At the age of 12 years, the DMFT was 3.37 in public schools and 1.35 in private schools, while for the age of 15 it was 5.65 and 2.88 for each type of school. Among children whose mothers graduated from high school, the average DMFT was 4.21 in public schools and 1.81 in private schools. The prevalence of cavities was higher among girls in public schools, increasing with age and decreasing with higher education levels among mothers.