Analysis of dental clinic and dental chair distribution in Sichuan / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To thoroughly understand the current dental chair equipment status of dental clinics in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for administrative departments.@*METHODS@#Data were collected from a health administrative department and a regional social development yearbook. The number of existing dental clinics and dental chairs in Sichuan Province was investigated.@*RESULTS@#In Sichuan Province, 7 103 dental clinics were determined to be equipped with 21 760 dental chairs. The Gini coefficients of per capita dental clinics in the province were 0.50, 0.22, and 0.06, and the Gini coefficients of per capita dental chairs were 0.68, 0.31, and 0.15; these coefficients had the same distribution as that reflected by the Lorenz curve. In consideration of geographic distribution, the Theil index for the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs among cities and states were 0.690 7 and 0.822 3, respectively. The overall Theil index va-lues for the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs in the province were 0.902 4 and 1.079 4, respectively. The difference in the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs among cities and states in the province contributed 0.765 4 and 0.761 8 to the total difference, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The allocation of oral health resources in Sichuan Pro-vince is relatively equitable in terms of population and economic distribution but uneven in geographical distribution.

Herramienta de Detección de Maltrato Infantil para la Clínica Odontológica

RESUMEN: El maltrato infantil es una grave vulneración a los derechos humanos de los niños, que afecta su salud física, mental y emocional, y que puede provocar además graves consecuencias en su vida adulta. El odontólogo tiene la responsabilidad de detectar los posibles casos de maltrato infantil y tomar acciones para detenerlo en una etapa temprana. Sin embargo, muchas veces la decisión de intervenir y/o denunciar un caso se hace difícil, pues no se posee las herramientas para objetivar la sospecha. Aplicando el método Delphi, con el apoyo de destacados expertos nacionales, se desarrolló un breve formulario de auto-aplicación para el odontólogo, en el que se definieron siete puntos clave que se deben examinar al enfrentarse a un niño lesionado que llega a la clínica odontológica. Este formulario guía al cirujano dentista en el reconocimiento de las señales y signos clínicos de abuso, y le permite determinar cuándo un caso presenta suficientes elementos que apuntan a posible maltrato infantil y se hace recomendable su denuncia, tal como indica la ley. La aplicación del formulario mejorará la pesquisa de los casos, que es el primer paso para asegurar el bienestar de las niñas y los niños maltratados.

ABSTRACT: Child abuse is a serious violation of children's human rights, that affects their physical, mental and emotional health, and can, furthermore, have serious consequences in their adult life. Dentists have the responsibility to detect possible cases of child abuse and take actions to put a stop to it at an early stage. However, often the decision to report a case is made difficult due to a lack of tools to express an objective suspicion. Applying the Delphi method with the support of prominent national experts, a short self-application questionnaire was developed to be applied by odontologists in the dental clinic, defining seven key points that should be examined when handling the case of an injured child. The questionnaire guides dentists in recognizing the signs of abuse and deciding when a case has enough elements suggesting possible child abuse that it is advisable to report it, as required by law. Applying this questionnaire will improve the detections of cases, which is the first step to ensure the wellbeing of abused children.

Toolkit for delivering the 3Es and 6As tobacco interventions in dental care

Tobacco use is one of the major public health problems in India and also the single most important remediable public health problem. Tobacco cessation is the need of the hour. The dentists have a unique opportunity and professional obligation to be a positive influence in reducing the economic and social burden inflicted by tobacco use on dental and general health. However, dentists, in general, have not widely embraced tobacco cessation in practice. In this article, an evidence-based model (an adaptation of the World Health Organization “5As” tobacco cessation model) is presented for the dentist to help patients avoid tobacco initiation, to encourage and assist patients in tobacco cessation

Barreras de protección utilizadas por odontólogos en México, durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Protection barriers used by dentists in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo. Comparar el tipo de barreras de protección utilizadas en consultorios dentales de México durante la pandemia. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 250 odontólogos que laboran en instituciones, consultorios o clínicas particulares de cinco estados de la república mexicana; la información se recolectó en un formulario de Google que incluyó: consentimiento informado, ficha de identificación, uso de barreras de protección y cambio de las mismas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados. Fueron 250 participantes, 50 de cada estado, la media de la edad fue 37,10 años (DE 11,98), predominó el sexo femenino, la condición de soltero, y el nivel de estudios de licenciatura. La barrera más utilizada fue gorro quirúrgico y/o desechable, señalaron atender pacientes con protección ocular y careta más del 80%; el uso de la mascarilla KN95/N95 fue mayor que la de triple capa, sólo el 3% respondió no usar guantes, fue elevado el empleo de bata desechable, 31 participantes aún no han atendido pacientes. La mayoría cambian gorro, careta, mascarilla y bata con cada paciente, refirieron incrementar el uso de barreras durante la pandemia. Hubo significancia estadística entre grupos de edad, estado civil y nivel de estudios respecto a la entidad. Conclusiones. El uso de las barreras de protección fue elevado, el equipo más empleado fue la protección ocular, careta, mascarillas, guantes, bata y campos desechables; sin embargo, es necesario se incremente el cambio de barreras después de cada paciente.

Objective. Compare the type of protective barriers used in dental clinics in Mexico du- ring the pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with 250 dentists who work in institutions, clinics, or private offices in five states of the Mexican Republic; the information was collected in a Google form that included: informed consent, identification card, use of protection barriers and protocol to use them. A descriptive analysis of the data was prepared. Results. There were 250 participants, 50 from each state, the mean age was 37.10 (SD 11.98), predominating, females, single status and having a bachelor's degree. The most used barrier was a surgical and/or disposable cap, more than 80% indicated servicing patients using eye protection and a mask; the use of the KN95 / N95 mask was greater than the triple layer, only 3% responded not to use gloves, the use of disposable gowns was high, and 31 participants have not seen patients yet. The majority (48.5%) change hat, face shield, mask, and gown with each patient. They referred to had increased the use of barriers during the pandemic. There was statistical significance between age groups, marital status and educational level with respect to the entity. Conclusions. The use of protective barriers was elevated, the most used equipment was eye protection, face shield, masks, gloves, gown, and disposable fields; however, it is necessary to increase the change of barriers after each patient.

Current situation and discussion on common problems of radiation protection for dental X-ray diagnostic project in 44 dental clinics in Guangdong Province, China / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To analyze the relevant measures of radiation protection for dental X-ray diagnostic projects in 44 dental clinics in Guangdong Province, China, and discuss common problems. <b>Methods</b> Based on the three principles of radiation protection, relevant laws, regulations and standards of the state, combined with field investigations and test results of radiation protection, the situation of radiation protection and management was analyzed. <b>Results</b> The layout of 56 dental diagnostic rooms in 44 clinics was (basically) reasonable. The protective performances and quality control tests of 56 dental X-ray diagnostic machines met the standard requirements, and the dose equivalent rate around 56 dental diagnostic rooms was from the background to 1.47 μSv/h, which met the national standard. The coincidence rates of ionizing radiation warning signs, working status indicator lights and door light interlocks, automatic door closing devices, power ventilation devices, and personal protective equipment were from 85.70% to 98.20%. The compliance rates of dental radiologists and full-time (part-time) administrative staffs, occupational health monitoring, management system related to radiation protection, and radiation health files were from 79.5% to 100.0%. <b>Conclusion</b> The current situation of radiation protection and management in the dental X-ray diagnostic room is good, and relevant national regulations and standards should be promulgated or improved to standardize the cone-beam CT quality control testing, dental clinic location requirements, and radiation staff configuration.

The enlightenment of Japanese dental hygienist system to Chinese stomatology education and clinic / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Dental hygienist is not only an important system of stomatology education, but also an important process of the clinical diagnosis and treatment in Japan. This paper discusses the development and current situation of dental hygienist system in Japan, and mainly introduces the admission requirements, teaching courses, employment status and clinical work, which maybe provide some important references for stomatology education and dental clinic for us in such aspects as specialty setting, talents cultivation and clinical team cultivation.

Biosecurity Perspectives in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology in Times of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a Literature Review

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to report biosecurity measures in the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (OMR) clinic in the current context of COVID-19, based on a literature review. An electronic search for scientific papers was perform ed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus database. Although the literature related to care in the OMR clinic regarding COVID-19 is still scarce, this unprecedented scenario created by the pandemic generated an urgent need for measures to prevent the transmission of the virus. Dentists are at maximum risk of contagion and, although the practice of OMR generally does not produce aerosols, radiologists and technicians are continually in contact with body fluids, such as saliva. In additio n, imaging exams are often indispensable for emergency or elective dental diagnosis and treatment. Training in infection control practices during major outbreaks of infectious diseases should be quickly reinforced and dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations. Some recommendations have been proposed and were discussed, which cover patient flow, equipment handling and environment, radiographic technique and processing, personal protective equipment and preparation and issuance of radiological reports and access to exam results. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, biosecurity measures in the routine of the OMR clinic are indispensable to enable emergency dental care and the perspectives of returning to elective treatment. Biosecurity measures and staff training at the OMR clinic should be instituted immediately, since imaging exams are an important and often indispensable part of dental diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar las medidas de bioseguridad en la clínica de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial (OMR) en el contexto actual del COVID-19, a partir de una revisión de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de artículos científicos utilizando PubMed, Embase, Web of Science y la base de datos Scopus. Si bien la literatura relacionada con la atención en la clínica OMR respecto al COVID- 19 aún es escasa, este escenario inédito creado por la pandemia generó una urgente necesidad de medidas para prevenir la transmisión del virus. Los dentistas tienen el máximo riesgo de contagio y, aunque la práctica en la OMR generalmente no produce aerosoles, los radiólogos y técnicos están continuamente en contacto con fluidos corporales, como la saliva. Además, los exámenes por imágenes a menudo son indispensables para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento dental de emergencia o electivo. La capacitación en prácticas de control de infecciones durante brotes importantes de enfermedades infecciosas debe reforzarse rápidamente y los entornos dentales tienen características únicas que justifican consideraciones específicas de control de infecciones. Se han propuesto y discutido algunas recomendaciones que cubren el flujo de pacientes, el manejo y el entorno del equipo, la técnica y el procesamiento radiográfico, el equipo de protección personal y la preparación y emisión de informes radiológicos y el acceso a los resultados de los exámenes. Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, las medidas de bioseguridad en la rutina de la clínica OMR son indispensables para posibilitar la atención dental de emergencia y las perspectivas de volver al tratamiento electivo. Las medidas de bioseguridad y la capacitación del personal en la clínica OMR deben instituirse de inmediato, ya que los exámenes por imágenes son una parte importante y, a menudo, indispensable del diagnóstico y tratamiento dental.

Strategy of dental clinics to cope with the epidemic period of infectious diseases based on the experience of corona virus disease outbreak / 华西口腔医学杂志

The outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has raised concerns among dentists to develop strategies to prevent infection of dental equipment, materials, and patients during an epidemic period. Strategies following the National Laws and Standards of China and local standards of several provinces for controlling cross-infection and instituting protective measures for medical staff in dental clinics during an epidemic period are discussed. A proposal is put forth for dental clinics that will face similar situations in the future. Further research is warranted to address potential problems that will be encountered under such dire circumstances.

Droplets and aerosols in dental clinics and prevention and control measures of infection / 中华口腔医学杂志

Spraying during dental practices can generate quantity of droplets, which transform into droplet nuclei and suspend in the air of clinic in the form of aerosol. Either droplets or aerosols may carry microorganisms and cause air contamination in the hospital, posing potential threat to the health of clinical healthcare staff and patients. The present article summarizes some basic concepts involved in bio-aerosol research and reviews literatures on intervention measures of dental clinic droplet/aerosols to clarify whether there is experimental evidence of aerosol-carrying bacteria in the existing literatures. The aim of this article is to provide evidence for the formulation of guidelines for infection control in dental healthcare practices during the epidemic period of infectious diseases, as well as to provide reference and scientific basis for the management and implementation of infection control measures in daily dental clinical work.

Administrative strategy of dental clinic during the epidemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 / 口腔疾病防治

@#Since an epidemic occur of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) in December, 2019, all the dental healthcare service providers in our country have been greatly impacted. The strategy of managing the dental clinics is quite different from that of the medical healthcare clinics, and the key point of the administration of those dental healthcare providers is to focus on the management of outpatient care because they only supply just a little bit of inpatient care service but quite an large amount of outpatient care service. So we think the next step is to make plausible and effective scenarios to protect our dental healthcare staff and patients against corona virus infection during the treatments procedures after the reopening all of our dental clinics. To overcome this harsh condition, the infection prevention and control strategies adopted by the Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University were designed to be flexible and could be adjusted promptly according to the national and local governmental orders and latest guidelines released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All these prevention procedures and protocols were customized to fit our own situation and have been updated for several times based on the latest global pandemic reports. After going through the hardest time in the past four months, it’s considered that our COVID-19 prevention rules have been proved to be efficient and work well. Further more, it has made massive progress for the hospital in improving the capability of dealing with this state of emergency, especially by previewing and triaging patients strictly to cut off the possible coronavirus spreading from the original step, enhancing the standard precautions and those specific protocols made for minimizing the droplets, aerosol and contact transmission of COVID-19 indoors. Besides, a daily supervision system was set up as a routine job and a team of qualified infection prevention specialists were assigned to check and report every incorrect details during the whole procedure of dental practice. Meanwhile, the safety and well-being of the public and our medical workers could be also guaranteed through following those detailed prevention scenarios.

Patient satisfaction level in outpatient department in a private dental hospital

Background: In the dental field, patient satisfaction played a very important role, specifically finding the strength and weakness in the dental clinic. It also assists in improving the quality of treatment as well as better future planning of treatment. Objective: The present study was planned and conducted with an objective to assess the level of satisfaction among patients attending the outpatient department in a private dental hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, and questionnaire-based study was undertaken in a private dental hospital. Patients of age more than 18 years and of both gender attending outdoor patient department were included in the study. For the purpose of this survey, consecutive sampling was carried out until a sample size of 200 was achieved. The patient satisfaction was assessed using dental satisfaction survey 2002 – questionnaire. Results: Among 31 items, none of the respondents indicated strong agreement or disagreement for 30 items, only for one item, item no. 14 regarding the explanation of cost, respondents indicated strong agreement (106, 53.00%). More than 40% of respondents indicated strong agreement (indicating satisfaction) with the statement for seven items. None of the items have <10% of respondents indicated strong agreement. The respondents expressing strong disagreement (indicating dissatisfaction) with any statement was <10% on 23 of the 31 items. The inter-item reliability of all 31 items of the questionnaire was tested, and the overall satisfaction scale (all items 1–31) produced a high Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.92. Conclusion: Patients’ satisfaction was observed not only for overall satisfaction but also in all sub-scales – context, content, outcome, cost, and facilities.

Análisis sobre carbono neutralidad y dificultades técnicas para la implementación de una clínica dental ecológica / Analysis on carbon neutrality and technical difficulties for the implementation of an ecofriendly dental office

Resumen El tema de la ecología en los últimos años ha sido de gran interés para la población en general, más aún en las empresas para disminuir el impacto ambiental generado, y la práctica odontológica no está exenta, ya que como es de conocimiento, se genera gran cantidad de basura mucha de la cual es infecciosa y altamente contaminante, por lo que la tendencia actual es de generar menos impacto ambiental en todos los aspectos del diario vivir y eso está retomando fuerza. Se abordó el tema de la carbono neutralidad, ya que es un complemento para entender el daño y la huella de carbono que se genera en la actualidad. De igual manera parte del trabajo se basó en la indagación sobre la cantidad de información que poseen los odontólogos acerca del tema de las clínicas dentales ecológicas, asimismo como de los requisitos necesarios para el proyecto, y se enlistaron las principales dificultades que ellos consideraban impedimento para aplicar esta modalidad en su práctica profesional.

Abstract The research intends open a gate between the dental industry and ecofriendly practices, now that the tendency to have less contamination impact in a daily basis routine has risen in the past years. The topic of carbón neutrality has come to the table since it is an important complement to have a better understanding of the damage and carbon foot print that is happening in the present. As well, big part of the study was to investigate if the dentists have had any kind of information regarding ecofriendly dental offices and it requirements, as well to see which one is the biggest difficulties dentists think are pushing them back to apply this modality in their day to day routine.

Medical emergencies in Dentistry:Practical tips in implementation

@#In a rapidly aging society, many patients will have multiple medical co-morbidities and on polypharmacy. Dental patients rarely have medical emergencies during their treatment and it is because of this rarity, that theodd emergency that presents can overwhelm the dentist’s ability to cope despite their theoretical knowledge. The authors discuss how to adapt the clinic facilities for managing an emergency and provide an overview of management of common emergencies that dentists may encounter.

Evaluación del clima organizacional en la Clínica Docente Estomatológica 27 de Noviembre. Colón. 2017 / Assessment of the organizational climate in the Teaching Dental Clinic 27 de noviembre. Colon. 2017

Introducción: el clima organizacional es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial, que involucra a factores relacionados con los estilos de dirección, la estructura y los comportamientos dentro de la organización, y tienen como sustento los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas. Objetivo: evaluar el clima organizacional en la Clínica Docente Estomatológica "27 de Noviembre". Colón. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, en el periodo de enero a mayo del 2017. El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por los 120 trabajadores que fueron organizados por estratos. Se estudiaron tres dimensiones básicas: comportamiento organizacional, estructura organizacional y estilo de dirección. Resultados: las dimensiones comportamiento organizacional; estructura organizacional y estilo de dirección, fueron percibidas como clima organizacional adecuado. Conclusiones: el clima organizacional en la Clínica Docente Estomatológica "27 de Noviembre" fue evaluado de adecuado para todas las dimensiones objeto del estudio. Todas las categorías investigadas fueron evaluadas de aceptable, excepto las condiciones de trabajo que fueron evaluadas en riesgo (AU).

Introduction: the organizational climate is a multifactorial, complex phenomenon involving factors related with managing styles, structure and behavior inside the organization, and have as a support knowledge, attitudes and practice. Objective: to assess the organizational climate in the Teaching Dental Clinic ¨27 de noviembre¨ of Colón. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out in the period from January to May of 2017. The universe and sample was formed by 120 workers who work in the institution organized by strata. Three basic dimensions were studied: organizational behavior, organizational structure and managing style. Results: the dimensions organizational behavior; organizational structure and managing style were perceived as adequate organizational climate. Conclusions: the organizational climate in the Teaching Dental Clinic ¨27 de noviembre¨ was assessed as adequate for all the dimensions that were object of study. All the investigated categories were evaluated as satisfactory, except for occupational conditions that were evaluated as at risk (AU).

Rational use of first-aid medicine in dental clinic / 口腔疾病防治

@#First-aid medicine is indispensable in emergency treatments, and the rational use of first-aid medicine is directly related to efficacy. Oral treatment seems to be simple, but there are still many potential risks with different levels. Therefore, the rational use of first-aid medicine is related to the patient’s life. First-aid drugs that are commonly used in oral practice include anti-shock vasoactive drugs, anti-heart failure drugs, anti-arrhythmia drugs, anti-angina drugs, glucocorticoids, anti-allergy drugs, electrolytes and acid-base balance regulators. This article summarizes the indications, usages, common adverse reactions and cautions of emergency medicine in the oral clinic. Additionally, the rational usage of first-aid medicine in the dental clinic is discussed. This work is expected to provide some suggestions for the reasonable use of emergency medicine in domestic dental clinics.

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la Escala de Hábitos de Higiene Bucal en muestras de población general y clínica odontológica / Factor structure and internal consistency of the Oral Hygiene Habits Scale in general population and dental clinic samples

RESUMEN La falta de higiene bucal puede causar diferentes tipos de padecimientos, como caries, gingivitis y periodontitis. En México, se ha propuesto recientemente el uso de la Escala de Hábitos de Higiene Bucal (EHHB) como un instrumento diagnóstico para el sector salud. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la consistencia interna y estructura factorial de la EHHB para que pueda ser aplicada en la evaluación de los hábitos de higiene bucal. En Monterrey, México, se recolectó una muestra de población general (MPG) de 256 participantes y otra muestra clínica odontológica (MCO) de 240 participantes, usando un muestreo no probabilístico. Se comprobó la discriminabilidad y consistencia interna de los 10 ítems de la EHHB, se calculó la consistencia interna de la escala, se exploró su estructura factorial y se contrastó la invarianza del modelo factorial entre la MPG y la MCO. La consistencia interna de la EHHB se incrementó y fue alta (α ordinal = 0.833 en MPG y 0.865 en MCO), al eliminarse dos ítems repetidos: frecuencia del cepillado dental (ítem 1), y el uso de pasta dental durante el cepillado (ítem 3). En ambas muestras se definieron dos factores: uso de hilo dental con cuatro ítems (α ordinal = 0.911 en MPG y 0.944 en MCO), y cepillado dental con cuatro ítems (α ordinal = 0.628 en MPG y 0.633 en MCO). La consistencia interna de este último mejoró (α ordinal = 0.693 en MPG y 0.727 en MCO), al ser incluido el ítem 8 (atención prestada a la limpieza del espacio interdental). El modelo de dos factores tuvo buen ajuste y propiedades de invarianza aceptables entre ambas muestras. Se concluye que la EHHB con ocho ítems es consistente y el modelo bifactorial es válido en MPG y MCO, presentando el ítem 8 una posible doble interpretación.

ABSTRACT The lack of oral hygiene can cause different types of conditions, such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. In Mexico, the use of the Oral Hygiene Habits Scale (OHHS) has recently been proposed as a diagnostic tool for the health sector. The objective of this research was to establish the internal consistency and factor structure of the OHHS, so that it can be applied in the evaluation of oral hygiene habits. In Monterrey, Mexico, a general population sample (GPS) of 256 participants and another dental clinic sample (DCS) of 240 participants were collected, using nonprobability sampling. The discriminability and internal consistency of the OHHS 10 items were verified, the internal consistency of the scale was calculated, the factor structure was explored and the invariance of the factor model across the GPS and the DCS was contrasted. The internal consistency of the OHHS increased and was high (ordinal α = 0.833 in GPS, and = 0.865 in DCS), by eliminating two repeated items: dental brushing frequency (item 1), and toothpaste use during brushing (item 3). In both samples, two factors were defined: dental floss with four items (ordinal α = 0.911 in GPS and 0.944 in DCS), and dental brushing also with four items (ordinal α = 0.628 in GPS, and 0.633 DCS). The internal consistency of the latter improved (α ordinal = 0.693 in GPS, and 0.727 in DCS), when the item 8 was included (attention paid to cleaning the interdental space). The two-factor model had good fit, and acceptable invariance properties across the two samples. We concluded that the eight-item OHHS is consistent, and the two-factor model is valid across GPS and DCS, where item eight displays a possible double interpretation.

Comparison of surface disinfection method on frequently touched objects in dental clinic / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To compare the bacteriostatic effect of two disinfections on the surface of frequently touched objects in dental clinic, so as to provide the reference for proper disinfection.@*Methods @#Specimens from the control panel and surface of examination table of comprehensive treatment chair were taken for bacterial culture, record the bacteria content on the objects surface. Then disinfect the objects surface by using 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (routing group) and Gamma disinfecting wet wipes (test group) respectively, compare the qualified rate of bacteriostasis on object surfaces between two group. @*Results @# After 10-minute disinfection on surfaces, bacteriostatic rate of routing group and test group was (91.66 ± 7.52)% and (93.87 ± 6.12)% respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The quaternary ammonium disinfectant for the dental clinic objects can reach the same effect as chlorine-containing disinfectant.

Validation of the oral hygiene habits scale: relationships with sociodemographic variables in the general and clinical population of Monterrey, Mexico / Validación de la escala de hábitos de higiene bucal: relaciones con variables sociodemográficas en población general y clínica de Monterrey, México

Abstract: several socioeconomic factors are associated with poor oral hygiene habits. A version of the Oral Hygiene Habits Scale (OHHS) was developed in Mexico to measure these factors; however, its relationship with sociodemographic variables has not been studied. The verification of these relationships could contribute to the validation of the scale. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between oral hygiene habits and sociodemographic variables of sex, age, schooling, self-defined socioeconomic stratum, occupation and marital status in the general and clinical population of Monterrey, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A general population sample (GPS) of 256 participants and a clinical sample (CPS) of 240 participants were studied. The OHHS consisted of an eight-item Likert scale of 4 points ranging from 0 to 4. A descriptive correlational study was performed with a cross-sectional design. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Cramer's V coefficient, and multivariate aligned rank test. Results: In GPS and CPS groups, OHHS was related to sex, schooling, socioeconomic stratum, occupation and marital status, but not to age. There were no significant interactions between the samples (GPS and CPS) and sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between oral hygiene habits and some sociodemographic variables in the general and clinical population. This relationship supports the validity of the OHHS.

Resumen: antecedentes: diversos factores socioeconómicos se asocian a pobres hábitos de higiene bucal. En México se ha creado la Escala de Hábitos de Higiene Bucal (EHHB), pero su relación con variables sociodemográficas no ha sido estudiada. La verificación de estas relaciones podría contribuir a la validación de la escala. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre hábitos de higiene bucal y las variables sociodemográficas de sexo, edad, escolaridad, estrato socioeconómico autodefinido, ocupación y estado civil en población general y clínica. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de población general (MPG) de 256 participantes y otra de población clínica (MCO) de 240 participantes. La EHHB es una escala de ocho ítems tipo Likert de 4 puntos que varía de 0 a 4. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional con un diseño transversal. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, el coeficiente V de Cramer y la prueba de rangos alineados multivariada. Resultados: En la MPG y la MCO, la EHHB mostro relación con el sexo, la escolaridad, el estrato socioeconómico, la ocupación y el estado civil, pero fue independiente de la edad. No hubo interacciones significativas entre las muestras (MPG y MCO) y las variables sociodemográficas. Conclusión: Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los hábitos de higiene bucal y algunas variables sociodemográficas en población general y clínica. Esta relación sustenta la validez de la EHHB.

Integrating Curricular Scenarios in the Dentistry Course: the Academic Disciplines of Dental Clinic and Dentistry and Society

Objective: Analyze the contributions of integration of the Dental Clinic (DC) and the academic discipline of Dentistry and Society (DS) in training students in the course. Material and Methods: The method used was a qualitative approach, with analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with students, professors, and patients. The Bardin thematic analysis technique was used to obtain results. Results: Positive impacts were related to the possibility of a more comprehensive approach, emphasizing the human aspects of patient care. Stress points were related to the routine of the dental clinic, patient screening, integration of professors from different areas, communication, and lack of student commitment. Conclusion: The proposal for integration of the DC and of the DS academic discipline is innovative in relation to academic training, with progress in overcoming the fragmented perspective of the dentistry student, allowing greater emphasis on the human aspects of patient care. Nevertheless, it was observed that implementing an integrated course plan is a slow process that depends on the engagement and commitment of those involved to move beyond the traditional educational model centered exclusively on physical cure and technical activity

Terapéutica holística en una paciente con gingivitis descamativa crónica / Holistic therapy in a patient with chronic desquamative gingivitis

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente con gingivitis descamativa crónica, atendida en el Departamento de Periodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba, en quien el tratamiento convencional no proporcionó resultados favorables, por lo cual se recurrió a la combinación de las terapias neural, acupuntural y periodontal y la aplicación de hipnosis, cuya combinación solucionó tan grave proceso inflamatorio, además de elevar la autoestima y la calidad de vida de la afecta.

The case report of a patient with chronic desquamative gingivitis, assisted in the Department of Periodontics of "Martires del Moncada" Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinical in Santiago de Cuba is described, in whom the conventional treatment provided no favourable results, reason why it was decided to combine the neural, acupunctural and periodontal therapies and the hypnosis which combined could solved such a serious inflammatory process, besides raising the self-esteem and the life quality of the one affected patient.