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Durante os procedimentos odontológicos, os profissionais devem se preocupar com a disseminação e a formação de aerossóis, sendo essa uma rota de transmissão potencial. O objetivo foi demonstrar o risco de contaminação por aerossóis da cavidade bucal durante o atendimento em consultórios odontológicos e comparar cinco procedimentos eletivos, utilizou-se um marcador (corante alimentício) na água do reservatório do equipamento odontológico para identificar a contaminação por produção de aerossóis. Estabeleceu-se os círculos A, B e C com raios de 50, 100 e 150 cm, respectivamente, a partir do ponto central do encosto da cabeça na cadeira odontológica. Estabeleceu-se um planejamento fatorial e teste de Tukey para comparação das médias dos pontos de contaminação e para os pontos não contáveis de contaminação aplicou-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). O tipo de procedimento e a interação entre o local e tipo de procedimento não se mostraram estatisticamente significativos, mas verificou-se maior incidência significativa no círculo A (raio de 50 cm). Aplicando a ACP foi possível relacionar a contaminação do tórax do paciente e da ponta do sugador com os procedimentos de Ultrassom e Incisivo Central Superior, assim como a relação da contaminação do jaleco do cirurgião dentista e da ponta da caneta de alta rotação com os procedimentos de Primeiro Molar Superior, Primeiro Molar Inferior e Incisivo Central Inferior. Precauções para minimizar a contaminação e o espalhamento dos aerossóis devem ser utilizadas nos atendimentos odontológicos para diminuir os riscos de contaminação da equipe profissional, dos pacientes e do ambiente.
During dental procedures, professionals should be concerned with the spread and formation of aerosols, as this is a potential transmission route. The objective was to demonstrate the risk of contamination by aerosols in the oral cavity during care in dental offices and to compare five elective procedures. Circles A, B and C were established with radii of 50, 100 and 150 cm, respectively, from the central point of the headrest on the dental chair. A factorial design and Tukey's test were established to compare the averages of the contamination points and for the non-countable points of contamination, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied. The type of procedure and the interaction between the location and the type of procedure were not statistically significant, but there was a significant higher incidence in circle A (50 cm radius). Applying PCA, it was possible to relate the contamination of the patient's thorax and the tip of the sucker with the Ultrasound and Upper Central Incisor procedures, as well as the relationship of contamination of the dentist's coat and the tip of the high-speed pen with the procedures of Upper First Molar, Lower First Molar and Lower Central Incisor. Precautions to minimize contamination and the spread of aerosols must be used in dental care to reduce the risk of contamination of the professional team, patients and the environment.
Durante los procedimientos dentales, los profesionales deben preocuparse por la propagación y formación de aerosoles, ya que esta es una ruta potencial de transmisión. El objetivo fue demostrar el riesgo de contaminación por aerosoles en la cavidad bucal durante la atención en los consultorios odontológicos y comparar cinco procedimientos electivos. Se establecieron círculos A, B y C con radios de 50, 100 y 150 cm, respectivamente, desde el punto central del reposacabezas del sillón dental. Se estableció un diseño factorial y la prueba de Tukey para comparar los promedios de los puntos de contaminación y para los puntos de contaminación no contables se aplicó el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). El tipo de procedimiento y la interacción entre la ubicación y el tipo de procedimiento no fueron estadísticamente significativos, pero hubo una incidencia significativamente mayor en el círculo A (50 cm de radio). Aplicando PCA se logró relacionar la contaminación del tórax del paciente y la punta de la ventosa con los procedimientos de Ultrasonido e Incisivo Central Superior, así como la relación de la contaminación de la bata del odontólogo y la punta del bolígrafo de alta velocidad con los procedimientos de Primer Molar Superior, Primer Molar Inferior e Incisivo Central Inferior. Precauciones para minimizar la contaminación y la propagación de aerosoles deben ser utilizados en la atención odontológica para reducir el riesgo de contaminación del equipo profesional, los pacientes y el medio ambiente.
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Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is formed by an autologous blood concentrate, with properties that promote cell proliferation and regenerationof bone, gingival and epithelial tissue. Objective: To compare four different procedures for processing as well as obtaining PRF, and analyzing their formation through laboratory techniques. The purpose of the study is to validate a method that produces higher quality PRF for oral surgery use in different branches of dentistry. Material and method: The experiment consisted of collecting blood from 12 volunteers, and processing each patient's sample in 4 different ways. In the following two-stage process analysis, the first, quantitative, step was to analyze the samples' platelet-poor plasma (PPP),with a Neubauer Hemocytometer to count blood components. In the second, qualitative step, the sample's PRF were analyzed under microscopy using histological slides. Result: The statistical analysis of the leukocyte, red blood cell and platelet count did not show any significant distinction when comparing different processes. Histological analysis of the PRF showed fibrin network with platelet aggregation, several leukocytes and presence of red blood cells, with double centrifuged samples presenting more white blood cells than the others. Conclusion: Among the analyzed procedures, the sample centrifuged once at 3000 RPM (1900 G) for 10 min showed the best quality PRF.
Introdução: A fibrina rica em plaquetas (FRP) é formada por um concentrado sanguíneo autólogo, com propriedades de promover a proliferação celular, regeneração de tecido, dentre eles tecido ósseo, gengival e epitelial. Objetivo: Comparar quatro tipos diferentes de processamento e obtenção de FRP, analisando a sua formação através de técnicas laboratoriais. A finalidade do estudo é validar um método que obtenha maior qualidade para o uso em cirurgias nas diversas áreas da odontologia. Material e método: O experimento foi constituído de uma coleta de sangue de 12 voluntários, onde a amostra de cada paciente foi processada de 4 formas. A análise dos processamentos se deu em duas etapas, onde na primeira, quantitativa, foi analisado o plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP), através de contagem de constituintes sanguíneos em câmara de Neubauer. Na segunda etapa, qualitativa, foram analisadas as FRP em microscopia através de lâminas histológicas. Resultado: A análise estatística da contagem de leucócitos, hemácias e plaquetas não mostraram diferença significativa entre os distintos processamentos. As análises histológicas do FRP mostraram redes de fibrina com agregação plaquetária, inúmeros leucócitos e presença de hemácias, sendo que as amostras de dupla centrifugação apresentaram mais leucócitos que nas demais. Conclusão: Dos procedimentos analisados, a amostra centrifugada a 1 única vez a 3000 RPM (1900 G) por 10 min mostrou-se a melhor qualidade de FRP.
Subject(s)
Sampling Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dentistry , Platelet-Rich Fibrin , LeukocytesABSTRACT
Background:Systemic absorption of local anesthetics occurs due to its local vasodilator effects. This leads to inhibi-tory action on the heart which is represented in the form of a decrease in conduction rate, the excitability of myocardi-um and force of contraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lignocaine and adrenaline combinations on electrocardiogram undergoing dental procedures. Methods:This was a prospective, observational clinical study done in collaboration with the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. All patients scheduled for oral surgeries under local anesthesia with Lignocaine 2% and adrenaline (1:80000 or 1:200000) combination of age 18 years or above 150 patients were included in the study. Patients with a history of hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. A standard 12-lead ECG (25 mm/s) was recorded for each patient before administration of drugs (Basal), during the dental procedure (Intraoperative) and immediately after completion of surgical procedure. Results:There was no statistically significant difference seen between the Group A (Lignocaine 2% with 1:80000 adrenaline) and B (Lignocaine 2% with 1:200000 adrenaline) when the age, gender, PR interval, RR interval, mean QT & QTc dispersion, and heart rate were compared. Statistically significant difference was seen in comparing the mean QT & QTc interval, which was higher in Group A. ECG parameters in Group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease in PR interval, RR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, QT dispersion and QTc disper-sion, with the basal, was compared with intraoperative and postoperative findings. The increase in heart rate although was statistically significant in both the groups, it was always within normal limits suggestive of no clinical signifi-cance. There was a statistically significant decrease in QT and QTc interval, QT and QTc dispersion. The change in all these parameters was within the physiologic range. All these relevant parameters for cardiac arrhythmias did not show any arrhythmogenic potential of lignocaine-adrenaline combination in both the groups. Both the combinations are comparable with each other in terms of ECG parameters with changes more with group A suggesting the effect of in-creased concentration of adrenaline. The change in the heart rate and ECG parameters in both the study group might be attributed to the presence of adrenaline in the combination. No cardiovascular morbidities were observed except palpitation. Conclusion:Thus it can be very well concluded that the effects of lignocaine-adrenaline combinations on electrocardiographic parameters are minimal and clinically irrelevant. Both the combination appears to be safe to use in healthy individuals.
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@#Work environment in dentistry benefits the right-handed dental practitioners. This situation requires the left-handers to work in an adjusted position causing them discomfort and inconvenience. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the identified left-handed undergraduate dental students in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) in performing dental procedures. The first phase of the study was to determine handedness of the students using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Questionnaire that was distributed to all the dental students. This was followed by a qualitative study using the phenomenology approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on left-handed students to determine their perceptions on left-handedness in performing dental procedures. The number of students interviewed was based on attainment of the saturation point. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed through coding, categorising and grouping responses into themes. Prevalence of left-handedness in this faculty was 7%. The participants were not aware of the right-handed situation when they enrolled in the faculty. This situation gave rise to psychological impact such as anxiety and stress. Although some participants were able to use their right hand for certain procedures, the dominant hand continued to be their preference. The difficulties encountered when using the non-dominant hand were grip-strength, angulation and positioning of the instruments. Dental procedures in periodontology (such as scaling, root debridement) and oral surgery (tooth extraction, incision and suturing) were found to be very challenging. They experienced muscle fatigue, reduced precision and prolonged time to complete the dental procedures. They felt that they should be given more time to adapt using the right hand under the tutelage of left-handed faculty members. Left-handed dental students faced difficulties in adapting to the right-handed situation and affect their effectiveness and efficiency. Specific activities need to be designed for left-handers to adapt to the situation under the guidance of left-handed faculty members.
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ABSTRACT Phytotherapeutic drugs are plant-derived products with medicinal properties. They are used for treating or preventing several diseases. However, patients who use these substances and even health professionals are unaware of their negative effects. One of the most common negative effects of phytotherapeutic drugs reported in the literature is the inhibition of natural coagulation factors in the human body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a brief review of the literature concerning the anticoagulant effects of phytotherapeutic drugs and their importance in surgical dental procedures. Preventive measures, clarification and monitoring of patients taking phytotherapeutic drugs are recommended before performing surgical dental procedures, in order to prevent against complications such as hemorrhage.
RESUMO Fitoterápicos são produtos derivados de plantas com propriedades medicinais. Eles são utilizados para o tratamento ou a prevenção de diversas doenças. No entanto, os pacientes que fazem uso destas substâncias, na sua grande maioria, desconhecem seus efeitos negativos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre os efeitos anticoagulantes de fitoterápicos e sua importância diante da realização de procedimentos odontológicos cirúrgicos. Medidas de prevenção, esclarecimento e acompanhamento de pacientes que se utilizam destes medicamentos são recomendados antes da realização destes procedimentos a fim de prevenir complicações como processos hemorrágicos.
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OBJECTIVE: Daily clinical activities in dental operatory expose dental surgeons to varied forms of ocular events. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular splashes and foreign bodies among dental surgeons in Nigeria. METHODS: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional of dental surgeons in Southern Nigeria was conducted between September 2010 and August 2011. The information elicited were demography, experience and type of ocular event, implicated dental procedure and action taken. RESULTS: Of the 185 studied, 148 of them responded. Of these 148 respondents, 56 (37.8%) reported foreign body, 18 (12.2%) splash, 33 (22.3%) both foreign body and splash while 41 (27.7%) reported no ocular event. It therefore means that the overall prevalence of ocular events among the respondents was 107 (72.3%). The prevalence of ocular events was significantly associated with age (p = 0.014), years of practice (p = 0.033) and safety eye goggle use (p = 0.023). The main dental procedures implicated in the ocular events among the respondents were scaling 77 (72.0%), tooth/cavity preparation 17 (15.9%), polishing 11 (10.3%) and forcep tooth extraction 10 (9.3%). The major implicated aetiological agents in the ocular events were calculus 74 (69.2%), saliva 29 (27.1%), mixed blood & saliva 19 (17.8%), tooth particles 15 (14.0%) and blood 9 (8.4%). The predominant action taken by the respondents was to rinse the eye under running water 89 (83.2%). CONCLUSION: Ocular splash and foreign body events are high among dental surgeons in Nigeria. Age, years of practice and safety eye goggles wear were also found to be associated with ocular events. Eye safety awareness is therefore deemed a necessity for dental surgeon in Southern Nigeria.
Subject(s)
Calculi , Data Collection , Demography , Eye Protective Devices , Foreign Bodies , Nigeria , Prevalence , Running , Saliva , Surgical Instruments , Tooth , Tooth Extraction , WaterABSTRACT
Mental Foramen is found on the anterolateral aspect of the mandible and transmits mental nerves and vessels. The knowledge of anatomical morphometry of mental foramen is essential in clinical dentistry when administering regional anesthesia and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible. Mental nerve leaving the foramen is anesthetized during the dental procedures, suturing of soft tissue lacerations of mouth and biopsy. The aim of the study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the mental foramen with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult South Gujarat population, the area where this information is scanty. This study was conducted using 100 dried human mandibles of unknown sex obtained from the Department of Anatomy, S.M. Institute of Medical Education & Research and Government Medical College, Surat. The parameters including size, shape, number, location and dimensions of mental foramen with respect to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks were studied. In most of the cases the foramen was oval in shape and situated in the line with the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar tooth. Its usual opening was in a postero-superior direction.
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Sabe-se que a ansiedade do paciente, nos momentos que antecedem um atendimento odontológico, pode interferir significativamente, influenciando nos trabalhos a serem executados. Há estudos que comprovam a eficácia do controle da ansiedade por métodos farmacológicos, que estão dentro do grupo dos agentes ansiolíticos. Com base na necessidade de alguns indivíduos controlar a ansiedade e fazer uso de uma medicação ansiolítica, o objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar o efeito do medicamento homeopático individualizado com o medicamento ansiolítico (benzodiazepínico) nos procedimentos odontológicos.
The patients anxiety before a dental procedure can interfere significantly the treatments to be performed. Some studies show the efficacy of the control of anxiety through pharmacological means including anxiolytic drugs. Since some individuals must control anxiety and use anxiolytic medication, this study ought to compare the effect of a benzodiapine and individualized homeopathic treatment on dental anxiety.