ABSTRACT
Background: Lower incisors are the first teeth to erupt, their sizes are reliable and little changes occur on the lower arch during mixed dentition. These teeth can be used to predict the size of remaining unerupted teeth. Tanaka Johnston's analysis is the most widely used method of mixed dentition analysis worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of Tanaka-Johnston's methods of mixed dentition analysis among orthodontic patients in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out at MUHAS dental clinic involving models from orthodontic patients. Data collection involved actual teeth size measurement and prediction using Tanaka-Johnston's method. Comparison between the actual measurements and the predicted measurements was assessed using students' paired t-tests. Prediction equations for the present study were generated using a simple linear regression analysis. Results: Tanaka Johnston's method significantly overestimated the combined width of upper canines and premolars in the female group (p=0.000). However, the method underestimated the lower jaw measurements in both sexes (p<0.05). New prediction equations for the present study were generated for each sex and arch separately. For the upper jaw, it was Y=11.97+ 0.56X for males and Y = 10.97+0.49X for females. While for the lower jaw, it was Y= 10.8 +0.51X for males and Y=11.39+0.47X for females. Conclusion: Tanaka-Johnston's methods of mixed dentition analysis was found to be inaccurate in estimating the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the study sample. Therefore, new prediction formulas were generated.
Subject(s)
OrthodonticsABSTRACT
Os objetivos desta pesquisa consistiram em examinar os motivos que levaram os pacientes à busca de tratamento ortodôntico, e determinar se há influência da idade e sexo. A amostra constitui-se de 250 pacientes entre nove a 59 anos de idade, sendo 144 do sexo feminino e 106 do masculino, em fase ativa de tratamento ortodôntico fixo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: grupo dos jovens, de nove a 16 anos; e dos adultos, de 19 a 59 anos de idade. Estes responderam a um questionário, e suas respostas foram analisadas pela estatística indutiva, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos pacientes busca pelo tratamento ortodôntico por que reconhecem que possuem má-oclusão (42,4%), sendo que os adultos (24,4%) citaram mais frequentemente esse motivo do que os jovens (18%). O segundo motivo apontado foi a busca pela melhora da aparência (24%), evidenciando diferenças entre as faixas etárias avaliadas, em que 15,6% dos adultos atribuíram o tratamento ortodôntico a razões estéticas. Os jovens apontaram a influência de um dentista ou outro profissional da saúde (9,6%) como o segundo motivo na busca de um tratamento ortodôntico. A porcentagem de pacientes, cuja decisão de se submeter ao tratamento foi direcionada pelos seus pais, diminuiu com o aumento da idade. Foi possível identificar os principais motivos que levam o paciente a buscar um tratamento ortodôntico, ressaltando a importância de se conhecer a queixa de acordo com a faixa etária, para alcançar resultados de excelência que atendam suas expectativas.
To assess patients' motivation seeking orthodontic treatment and its association with age and gender. The sample consisted of 250 patients from 9 to 59 years-old, 144 female and 106 male, in active phase of orthodontic treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to age, being young people from 9-16 years and adults from 19-59 years old. They answered a questionnaire to assess the motivation for orthodontic treatment and their responses were analyzed by frequency distribution and percentage. The inductive statistics, by Chi-square test was used to determine association between age, gender and motivation for orthodontic treatment. The results showed that the majority of patients seek orthodontic treatment because they are aware of malocclusion (42.4%); adults (24.4%) cited more often this reason than young people (18%). The second reason was to improve their appearance (24%); and differences between age groups were observed, where 15.6% of adults attributed orthodontic treatment for aesthetic reasons. The young group showed the influence of a dentist or other healthcare provider (9.6%) as the second reason in the search for orthodontic treatment. The percentage of patients whose decision to undergo treatment was directed by their parents decreased with increasing age. It was possible to identify the main reasons for patients seeking orthodontic treatment emphasizing the importance to understand their chief complaint according to age, to achieve excellent results that meet their expectations.
Subject(s)
Esthetics, Dental , Orthodontics, Corrective , Chi-Square Distribution , Oral HealthABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary oxidative stress and dental-oral health. Healthy young adults, matched for gender and age, with (N = 21, 10 men, mean age: 20.3 ± 1 years) and without (N = 16, 8 men, mean age: 21.2 ± 1.8 years) caries were included in this study. The World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria were used for determining the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. The oral hygiene and gingival status were assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index, respectively. Unstimulated salivary total protein, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels, carbonic anhydrase activity, and salivary buffering capacity were determined by standard methods. Furthermore, salivary pH was measured with pH paper and salivary flow rate was calculated. Simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index were not significantly different between groups but DMFT scores were significant (P < 0.01). Only, GSH values were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups (2.2 and 1.6 mg/g protein in young adults without caries and with caries, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between DMFT and GSH (r = -0.391; P < 0.05; Pearson's correlation coefficient). Our results suggest that there is an association between caries history and salivary GSH levels.