Restoration of a dental defect in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the treatment options for congenitally missing teeth in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and provide a clinical reference.@*Methods@#A patient with ectodermal dysplasia with a concave midface, anterior protrusion of the chin, and underdevelopment of the lower third of the face presented with congenital loss of multiple maxillary teeth, malocclusion of the remaining teeth, congenital loss of mandibular dentition, small dental arches, and upper and lower alveolar bone hypoplasia. The patient was treated by means of a removable partial maxillary prosthesis, implants in the anterior region of the lower mandible designed with the assistance of digital guides, and bar-clamped implant-overlay prostheses. A literature review of the protocol for the treatment of this condition was also conducted.@*Results@#In addition to good retention and stability after denture wear, an excellent occlusal relationship, improvement of the patient's facial appearance, including upper and lower lip fullness, more equal balancing of the lower and middle 1/3 of the face, and improved masticatory function were achieved. The results of the literature review showed that patients with ectodermal dysplasia who are congenitally edentulous usually have a complex intraoral situation that makes restoration difficult, and common restorative modalities for these patients include fixed bridges, removable partial dentures, complete dentures, overdentures, and implant prostheses, which need to be selected according to the actual intraoral situation of each patient. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of congenitally missing teeth in patients with ectodermal dysplasia, and some scholars have suggested that fixed restorations be recommended for patients with fewer missing teeth, while the option of removable or implant-covered denture restorations should be given to patients with more missing teeth, with removeable prostheses for underage patients that are replaced with permanent fixed prostheses when the jaws have stabilized.@*Conclusion@#In patients with ectodermal dysplasia with congenital tooth loss, all factors should be taken into account, and an individualized restorative plan should be developed.

Clinical study of polyetheretherketone resin-bonded bridge for restoring anterior missing teeth in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the clinical effect of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bonding bridge on the loss of 3 internal incisors in patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Thirty-eight patients with periodontitis and 3 missing central or lateral teeth were selected to undergo restoration with a PEEK bonding bridge and then returned to the hospital 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the restoration was completed. The survival rate of the restorations was assessed by the modified USPHS/Ryge criteria. The plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and attachment loss of the abutments were recorded, and the changes in periodontal tissues after restoration were observed and compared.@*Results@#Over 24 months of clinical follow-up observation of 38 patients, only 1 patient underwent secondary bonding after partial debonding (evaluated as grade B), while bonding was successful in the other 37 cases (evaluated as grade A). The plaque index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth were significantly lower after restoration than before (P<0.05). There was no significant change in attachment loss between before and after restoration (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For periodontitis patients missing 3 internal incisors, short-term PEEK bonding bridge repair has good clinical efficacy.

Digital repair for a patient with limited mouth opening: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore an accurate method to obtain an intraoral model of patients with specific limited mouth opening (microstomia) due to systemic scleroderma.@*Methods@#This study followed medical ethics, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A case of Ken's Type I mandibular dentition defect scleroderma with limited mouth opening was addressed with digital technology as the leading method combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression. Individual trays were made based on the patient's left and right mandibular dentition, and segmented molds were obtained. Simultaneously, intraoral scanning was performed to obtain the morphological data of both the soft and hard tissues of the upper and lower mandibles. After each part of the model was obtained, the mandibular model was scanned and digitally aligned to form the final denture model, and the final removable partial denture was designed and made by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. At the same time, combined with the literature, the diagnosis and treatment of removable partial denture in patients with limited mouth opening were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#The denture was well retained and achieved a good repair effect. The patients expressed satisfaction with the mastication efficiency and other functions of the denture. The findings of the literature review show that the integration of digital technology with the traditional impression method, along with computer fitting, can accurately obtain the patient's oral model and facilitate successful follow-up repairs. However, when the anterior mandibular dentition of the patient is absent, the margin of error is increased in this procedure, which deserves further exploration.@*Conclusion@#Utilizing digital technology as the leading method, combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression, for the repair of dental defects in patients with limited mouth opening, has proven to be effective. Thus, patients report a positive medical experience with high satisfaction, indicating that this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.

Relationship between permanent upper anterior teeth and anthropometric facial measures in different populations: a narrative review

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to conduct a narrative review investigating the possible relationship between permanent maxillary anterior teeth and anthropometric facial parameters in different populations. Methods: Searches were performed in the PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and SciELO databases to identify relevant scientific articles using the following search terms: "maxillary anterior teeth", "facial measurements" and "anthropometry", in such a way that 218 publications were found. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 publications remained for full-text reading. Results: All studies involved male and female samples and it was notorious that male measurements were unanimously higher than those obtained in the opposite sex. The age of the analyzed participants ranged from 17 to 60 years; however, a mean age of 18 to 25 years was the most investigated in literature. In addition, facial measurements including the bizygomatic width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar width and intercommissural width have been proposed to help determine the correct size of anterior teeth. Conclusion: It was concluded that despite the limited number of studies, some factors that influence dental and facial dimensions, such as sex and age, can be identified. However, there is no standardization of the facial or dental parameters used in the studies, a fact that makes it difficult to establish a universal ratio for clinical dental practice

Validación y Comparación de un Nuevo Método para Predecir el Ancho Mesiodistal de Caninos y Premolares no Erupcionados en una Población Chilena de la Región de Valparaíso, Chile

Uno de los principales problemas durante la dentición mixta es la determinación de la futura discrepancia entre tamaño dentario y el espacio disponible. Para predecir el ancho mesiodistal de los dientes permanentes no erupcionados se han introducido diferentes métodos de análisis. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el método Tanaka-Johnston con una nueva ecuación de regresión para predecir el ancho mesiodistal de caninos y premolares permanentes no erupcionados en una población de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Material y método: Este estudio fue realizado en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Valparaíso, desde octubre de 2022 a junio de 2023 (8 meses), la muestra estuvo compuesta por 202 modelos de estudio del departamento de ortodoncia (91 hombres y 111 mujeres) en el rango de edad de 11 -20 años. Resultados: Se demostró que el método elaborado por Lara-Sandoval presenta mayor fiabilidad respecto a las medidas mesiodistales reales de los pacientes (ICC 0,773 para maxilar y 0,762 para mandíbula), en comparación con el método de Tanaka-Johnston (ICC 0,665 para maxilar y 0,623 para mandíbula). No existen diferencias significativas entre los valores reales y el método de Lara-Sandoval. Conclusión: El método de Lara-Sandoval es mejor que el propuesto por Tanaka-Johnston para determinar el ancho mesiodistal de caninos y premolares para esta muestra. Es necesario validar este método en otras regiones del país para ser utilizado con mayor seguridad que el ya existente como método estándar nacional.

One of the main orthodontic problems in mixed dentition is the determination of future tooth and size arch discrepancy. In order to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted permanent teeth different methods of analyses have been introduced. The aim of this study is to compare the Tanaka-Johnston analysis with a new regressive equation to predict the mesiodistal width of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a Chilean population sample, from Valparaíso region. This study was conducted at the Universidad de Valparaíso Dental Faculty, from october 2022 to june 2023 (8 months), and the sample comprised historical dental casts from 202 patients (91 boys and 111 girls) in the age range of 11-20 from the orthodontics department. All the patients are from the Valparaíso region, Chile. The results show that the predictions of the new regressive equation method are closer to the actual mesiodistal measurements of the patients (ICC 0,773 for maxilla and 0,762 for mandible), compared to the Tanaka- Johnston method (ICC 0,665 for maxilla and 0,623 for mandible). There are no significant differences between the real values and the Lara-Sandoval method. Lara-Sandoval method is better than the one proposed by Tanaka-Johnston to determine the mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in this sample population. It is necessary to validate this method in other regions of the country to be used with greater security than the ones that already exists as a national standard method.

Duración de la erupción dental prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara / Duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional tooth eruption in Villa Clara population

Introducción: En Cuba ha sido poco estudiado el tiempo que demora el diente, desde que aflora a la cavidad bucal hasta que alcanza el plano oclusal. Objetivo: Determinar la duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo entre los años 2014 a 2018. Mediante un muestreo polietápico aleatorio simple se obtuvo una muestra de 2 584 niños y adolescentes (520 entre tres meses y cuatro años para la dentición temporal, y 2 064 entre cuatro y 14 años para la permanente), nacidos en la provincia, sin alteraciones del crecimiento general y craneofacial; se observó el brote; se calcularon por medio de la regresión de probit, las edades medias para los dientes brotados sin contacto oclusal y las que habían alcanzado la oclusión. La duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional fue calculada restando las medianas de ambas variables. Resultados: En los dientes temporales demoró más la erupción clínica prefuncional en los 1ros molares (superiores, 0,63; inferiores, 0,62); en los permanentes, en los incisivos centrales inferiores de hombres y mujeres, 1 y 1,07, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La erupción clínica prefuncional para los dientes permanentes osciló entre cuatro meses y un año; para los temporales, entre cuatro y siete meses con diferencias dentarias. Se elaboró una tabla de duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional de los dientes temporales y permanentes ajustada a la población villaclareña.

Introduction: the time the tooth takes to emerge from the oral cavity until it reaches the occlusal plane has been little studied in Cuba. Objective: to determine the duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional clinical tooth eruption in Villa Clara population. Methods: a descriptive and epidemiological study was carried out from 2014 to 2018. A sample of 2,584 children and adolescents who were born in the province without alterations in general and craniofacial growth was obtained through simple random multistage sampling (520 between three months and four years for temporary dentition and 2,064 between four and 14 years for permanent one); the outbreak was observed; the mean ages for teeth eruption without occlusal contact and those that had reached occlusion were calculated by means of probit regression. The duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption was calculated by subtracting the medians of both variables. Results: prefunctional clinical eruption took longer in temporary (upper, 0.63 and lower, 0.62) 1st molars, as well as in permanent lower central incisors of men and women (1 and 1.07, respectively). Conclusions: prefunctional clinical eruption for permanent teeth ranged from four months to one year and for temporary ones between four and seven months presenting dental differences. A table of the duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption of temporary and permanent teeth was created according to Villa Clara population.

A dentição do idoso e as implicações alimentares / The dentition of the elderly and the food implications / La dentición de los ancianos y las implicaciones alimentarias

O envelhecimento acarreta mudanças em todos os aspectos da vida, sendo caracterizado por uma modificação nas funções sociais, mentais e corporais. No Sistema Estomatoglossognático, é possível observar alterações significativas, começando pela fase preparatória da deglutição e da função de mastigação, decorrente da perda dos dentes, a qual é responsável pela trituração do alimento, formação do bolo alimentar e perda do tônus dos músculos que são responsáveis pelos movimentos mastigatórios. Esta pesquisa observou como as alterações dentárias em idosos podem repercutir na sua alimentação. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, com amostra de 33 idosos frequentadores da Igreja Evangélica Assembleia de Deus em Alagoas, no município de Coqueiro Seco. Foi feita aplicação de um instrumento de coleta, o qual possuía perguntas baseadas no MBGR e na escala EAT-10. Os resultados mostraram que há um grande número de idosos que fazem uso de prótese dentária, refletindo na execução da função mastigatória, escolha da consistência alimentar e aspectos socioemocionais. As próteses dentárias, quando bem adaptadas, podem gerar um ganho significativo ao paciente, permitindo uma alimentação que não interfere na sua postura social, nem em suas questões emocionais. (AU)

Aging causes changes in all aspects of life, being characterized by a change in social, mental and bodily functions. In the Stomatoglossognathic System, it is possible to observe significant changes, starting with the preparatory phase of swallowing and the chewing function, resulting from the loss of teeth; which is responsible for crushing food, formation of food bolus and loss of muscle tone that are responsible for masticatory movements. This research observed how dental changes in the elderly can affect their diet. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, with a sample of 33 elderly people attending the Evangelical Assembly of God Church in Alagoas, in the municipality of Coqueiro Seco. A collection instrument was applied, which had questions based on the MBGR and the EAT-10 scale. The results showed that there is a large number of elderly people who use dental prosthesis, reflecting on the performance of masticatory function, choice of food consistency and socio-emotional aspects. Dental prostheses, when well adapted, can generate a significant gain for the patient, allowing a diet that does not interfere with their social posture, nor with their emotional issues. (AU)

El envejecimiento provoca cambios en todos los aspectos de la vida, caracterizándose por un cambio en las funciones sociales, mentales y corporales. En el Sistema Estomatoglosognático, es posible observar cambios significativos, a partir de la fase preparatoria de la deglución y de la función masticatoria, resultantes de la pérdida de dientes; que se encarga de triturar los alimentos, formación de bolos alimenticios y pérdida de tono muscular que son responsables de los movimientos masticatorios. Esta investigación observó cómo las alteraciones dentales en los adultos mayores pueden afectar su alimentación. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, con una muestra de 33 ancianos asistentes a la Iglesia Evangélica Asamblea de Dios de Alagoas, en el municipio de Coqueiro Seco. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección, el cual contó con preguntas basadas en el MBGR y la escala EAT-10. Los resultados mostraron que existe un gran número de ancianos que utilizan prótesis dental, reflexionando sobre el desempeño de la función masticatoria, elección de la consistencia de los alimentos y aspectos socioemocionales. Las prótesis dentales, bien adaptadas, pueden generar una ganancia importante para el paciente, permitiendo una alimentación que no interfiere con su postura social, ni con sus problemas emocionales. (AU)

Fluorosis dental en la primera infancia: estado del arte

La fluorosis dental se caracteriza por una hipomineralización de la estructura dental causada por ingesta excesiva de flúor sistémico. En la dentición decidua, su diagnóstico precoz es importante, dado que será un predictor para la aparición de lesiones en la dentición permanente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia científica sobre la fluorosis dental en dentición decidua reportando su etiología y factores relacionados, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Pub-Med/Medline, EbscoHost y ScienceDirect (noviembre/2020), utilizando las palabras clave "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". El desarrollo de fluorosis dental en dentición decidua se relacionó con la ingesta de múltiples fuentes de flúor principalmente, agua potable, alimentos de la dieta, fórmulas infantiles, suplementos y uso de dentífricos fluorados en dosis inadecuadas. Algunos factores prenatales, como vivir en terrenos montañosos o de gran altitud y habitar en lugares cercanos a minas de combustión de carbón, también fueron asociados. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental reportada en los estudios varió entre 6,2 y 96,6 %, dependiendo principalmente de la concentración de flúor en agua potable. Para el diagnóstico de la fluorosis dental en la dentición decidua se deben considerar características como la localización, aspecto, extensión y color de la lesión, realizando diagnóstico diferencial con otro tipo de defectos en esmalte y dentina. Así mismo, el tratamiento de las lesiones dependerá de la severidad del defecto y condiciones individuales del paciente.

Dental fluorosis is characterized by a hypomineralization of the tooth structure caused by excessive intake of systemic fluoride. In the deciduous dentition, its early diagnosis is important since it will be a predictor for the appearance of lesions in the permanent dentition. The objective of this review was to describe the scientific evidence on dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition, reporting its etiology and related factors, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Electronic searches were conducted PubMed / Medline, EbscoHost and ScienceDirect (November / 2020) databases, using the keywords "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". The development of Dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition was related to the intake of multiple sources of fluoride mainly; drinking water, diet foods, infant formulas, supplements and the use of luoridated toothpastes in inadequate doses. Some prenatal factors such as living in mountainous or high altitude terrain and living in places near coal-burning mines were also associated. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in early childhood reported in the studies varied between 6.2% and 96.6%, depending mainly on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. For the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in the deciduous dentition, characteristics such as the location, appearance, extension and color of the lesion must be considered, making a differential diagnosis with other types of enamel and dentin defects. Evenly, the treatment of lesions will depend on the severity defects and individual patient conditions.

Estudio de la variación de la inclinación de la cabeza y la evolución de la dentición - Parte I: Dentición Primaria Completa y Mixta Primera Fase

Objetivo: estudiar y comparar la inclinación de la cabeza entre niños con dentición primaria completa y dentición mixta primera fase. Materiales y métodos: el estudio incluyó a 80 voluntarios entre 4 y 9 años, a quienes se les tomó una fotografía facial de perfil derecho estandarizada, en Posición Natural de Cabeza. Éstas fueron analizadas mediante software de edición de imágenes para determinar la inclinación de la cabeza de cada voluntario. Para ello, se definió un plano (plano t-ex) formado por el punto Intertrágico (t) y Exocanto (ex) y se comparó respecto a la horizontal verdadera. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados, clasificados en dos grupos según el tipo de dentición y analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: el promedio de inclinación del plano t-ex fue de 22,7º en el grupo de niños con dentición primaria completa y de 25,8º en el grupo de niños con dentición mixta primera fase. La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue de 3,1º, con significancia estadística (p = 0,006). Conclusión: la inclinación de la cabeza de los niños con dentición mixta primera fase es mayor en sentido antihorario, respecto a la de los niños con dentición primaria completa.

Objective: to study and compare head tilt among children with complete primary dentition and first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage. Materials and methods: the study included 80 volunteers between 4 and 9 years of age, who were taken a standardized right profile facial photograph in a Natural Head Position. These photographs were analyzed using image editing software to determine the head tilt of each volunteer. For this, a plane (plane t-ex) formed by the Intertragic point (t) and Exocanth (ex) was defined and compared with respect to the true horizontal. The data obtained were tabulated, classified into two groups according to the type of dentition and statistically analyzed. Results: the average t-ex plane inclination was 22.7º in the group of children with complete primary dentition and 25.8º in the group of children with first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage. The difference between both groups was 3.1º, with statistical significance (p = 0.006). Conclusion: the head tilt of children with first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage is greater in an anti-clockwise direction, compared to that of children with complete primary dentition.

Estudio de la variación de la inclinación de la cabeza y la evolución de la dentición - Parte III

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la variación de la Posición Natural de Cabeza (PNC) entre personas con dentición mixta segunda fase y dentición permanente, mediante fotogrametría facial. Para esto se realizó un estudio comparativo observacional analítico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 80 voluntarios divididos en dos grupos de 40 participantes cada uno. Se utilizó fotografías faciales de perfil estandarizadas en PNC. Mediante el software Photoshop® se trazó el plano Intertrágico-Exocanto (t-ex) y se midió el ángulo formado respecto a la horizontal verdadera para determinar la inclinación de la PNC. El valor de este ángulo se obtuvo mediante el software UTHSCSA ImageTool 3.0®. Los datos fueron tabulados en una planilla Excel (Microsoft® Excel® 2016) y analizados estadísticamente en el programa Stata 14 S/E®. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas en la inclinación de la PNC entre los grupos, con valores promedio 26.17° y 33.44° para dentición mixta segunda fase y permanente respectivamente, con una diferencia promedio de 7.27°. Se concluyó que la PNC de personas con dentición permanente presenta una rotación antihoraria respecto a personas con dentición mixta segunda fase.

This research aimed at studying the variation of the Natural Head Position (NHP) between people with second transitional mixed dentition and permanent dentition, using facial photogrammetry. For this, an analytical observational comparative study was performed. The sample consisted of 80 volunteers divided into two groups of 40 participants each. Using standardized profile facial photographs in NHP and Photoshop® software, the intertragic-exocanthion plane (t- ex) was traced. The angle formed to the true horizontal was measured to determine the inclination of the NHP using the UTHSCSA ImageTool 3.0® software. The data were tabulated in an Excel Spreadsheet (Microsoft® Excel® 2016) and analyzed with Stata 14 S/E® software. Statistical differences in the inclination of the NHP between groups were observed, with average values ​​of 26.17° for second transitional mixed dentition and 33.44° for permanent dentition, with an average difference of 7.27°. It was concluded that the NHP of people with permanent dentition shows an anti-clockwise rotation in relation to people with second transitional mixed dentition.

Comportamiento de la maloclusión funcional e interferencias oclusales en niños con dentición mixta

Introducción: las interferencias oclusales no controladas precozmente pueden producir desviación de la mandíbula en sentido anteroposterior o transversal. El manejo de las mordidas cruzadas se debe iniciar en el momento del diagnóstico, preferiblemente en edades tempranas, con el fin de tratarlas en el nivel primario de prevención. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la maloclusión funcional causada por interferencias oclusales en niños con dentición mixta de la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, del Área de Salud José Jacinto Milanés, del municipio de Matanzas, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. El universo estuvo conformado por 66 niños. Se utilizó una planilla de recolección de datos y se solicitó el consentimiento informado a los tutores de los niños. Resultados: las edades donde los niños presentaron mayor afectación fueron de 6 a 7 años y de 8 a 9 años, ambos rangos con un 10,6 %. El 27,3 % presentó interferencias oclusales y mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. El 48,5 % fue del sexo femenino y el 30,3 % tenían edades de 6 a 7 años. El 71,2 % eran simétricos y presentaron mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. Los simétricos y con línea media coincidente representaron un 36,4 %. Conclusiones: la maloclusión funcional más frecuente en niños con dentición mixta fue la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, que se relacionó de manera directa con las interferencias oclusales. Las asimetrías faciales y la línea media desviada estuvieron asociadas a dicha maloclusión.

Introduction: early uncontrolled occlusal interferences can produce anterior-posterior jaw deflection. Management of cross-bites should be initiated at the time of diagnosis, preferably at early ages, in order to treat them at the primary level of prevention. Objective: to determine the behavior of functional malocclusion caused by occlusal interferences in children with mixed dentition from the Martires del Corynthia primary school between October 2019 and June 2021. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was carried out at the Martires del Corynthia Primary School, of the Jose Jacinto Milanes Health Area, Matanzas municipality, between October 2019 and June 2021. The universe consisted of 66 children. A data collection form was used and informed consent was requested from the children's guardians. Results: the ages where the children presented more affectation were from 6 to 7 years and from 8 to 9 years, both ranges with 10.6%. 27.3% presented occlusal interferences and posterior unilateral cross-bite. 48.5% were female and 30.3% were 6 to 7 years old. 71.2% were symmetrical and presented unilateral posterior cross-bite. Symmetric patients and with a coincident midline represented 36.4%. Conclusions: the most frequent functional malocclusion in children with mixed dentition was the unilateral posterior cross-bite, which was related to occlusal interferences in a direct way. Facial asymmetries and a deviated midline were associated with the before mentioned malocclusion.

Prevalence and risk factors of permanent tooth caries among junior high school students in Haikou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou, and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries.@*Methods@#A total of 3 573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey. Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate, mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT), filling rate, pit and fissure sealant rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth.@*Results@#Among the surveyed junior high school students, the caries rate was 47.32%( n =1 691), the mean DMFT was 1.51. The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students (49.59%) than in male students (44.95%), and higher in towns (50.77%) than in urban areas (44.04%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=16.25, 7.72, P <0.05). The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%, 6.27% respectively. The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas (18.97%, 7.17%) than towns (15.76%, 5.33%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2= 9.57, 5.13, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student, town residence, daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks (≥1 time), bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries( OR =1.41, 1.45, 2.63, 2.09, 1.53), while using fluoride toothpaste daily, oral education in school were protective factors( OR =0.44, 0.34)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level, but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower. The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students, and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.

Factors influencing the accuracy of intraoral impression in implant restoration / 口腔疾病防治

@#Due to advances in digital technology, intraoral impressions have been increasingly used to fabricate implant restorations because of its simplicity, high efficiency, comfortableness and convenience. In clinical practice, the accuracy of intraoral impressions depends on various factors, including scanner technique, status of dentition and implants, auxiliary devices, materials and environment, which might influence its accuracy and limit its application. When applied to patients missing more teeth, its accuracy may be insufficient. It is suggested that intraoral impressions be used cautiously when there are multiple and far apart implants and that the scan body not be tightened excessively and that maintain appropriate environmental conditions. In this article, we have reviewed recent relevant literature and the factors affecting the accuracy of intraoral impressions for implant restoration.

Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations with and without Polyethylene Fiber in First Permanent Molars: A 24-Month Randomized Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of composite resin restorations with and without polyethylene fiber in the first permanent molars of pediatric patients with extensive caries. Material and Methods: In total, 75 Class II restorations were placed in the permanent molar teeth of 75 children (mean age 11.3 years) with (FC; n=38) or without (C; n=37) fiber. One operator placed all the restorations. The restorations were evaluated using the modified USPHS criteria in terms of retention, color match, marginal discoloration, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity. Statistical data were analyzed using chi-square and Cochran tests (p<0.05). Results: At the end of two years, 65 restorations (FC:31; C:34) were followed up. No changes were observed during the first six months. After 24 months of follow-up, there were minor changes in marginal adaptation and marginal color in both groups; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between the clinical performances for all criteria (p>0.05). Conclusion: Extensive composite restorations with or without fibers displayed good clinical performance in high load-bearing areas after 24 months.

3D Bitemark Analysis in Forensic Odontology Utilizing a Smartphone Camera and Open-Source Monoscopic Photogrammetry Surface Scanning

Abstract Bitemark analysis is a challenging procedure in the field of criminal case investigation. The unique characteristics of dentition are used to find the best match between the existing patterned injury and the suspected perpetrator in bitemark identification. Bitemark analysis accuracy can be influenced by various factors, including biting pressure, tooth morphology, skin elasticity, dental cast duplication, timing, and image quality. This review article discusses the potential of a smartphone camera as an alternative method for 3D bitemark analysis. Bitemark evidence on human skin and food should be immediately recorded or duplicated to retrieve long-lasting proof, allowing for a sufficient examination period. Various studies utilizing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) technologies have been developed to obtain an adequate bitemark analysis. 3D imaging technology provides accurate and precise analysis. However, the currently available method using an intraoral scanner (IOS) requires high-cost specialized equipment and a well-trained operator. The numerous advantages of monoscopic photogrammetry may lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis in forensic odontology. Smartphone cameras and monoscopic photogrammetry methodology could lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis with an efficient cost and readily available equipment.

Effectiveness of non-operative approaches in active enamel carious lesions: a retrospective longitudinal study

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments in active enamel carious lesions in high-caries-risk children. Clinical records of children treated in a dental school setting were retrospectively screened for active enamel carious lesions treated non-invasively (topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction, or dietary guidance) or micro-invasively (sealant). The control of active carious lesions was set as the main outcome established by the combination of inactivation and non-progression of the lesions based on Nyvad and ICDAS criteria, respectively. Individual and clinical factors associated with the outcome were analyzed by Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 105 high-caries-risk children with a mean age of 8.3 (± 2.4) years. From a total of 365 active enamel carious lesions, most lesions (84.1%) were active non-cavitated carious lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2) and only 15.9% presented localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS score 3). Of these, 72.6% were inactivated and 92.1% did not progress (mean time of 6.5 ± 4.1 months). The prevalence of controlled carious lesions was higher among children older than 6 years (PR:1.43; 95%CI:1.00-2.03; p = 0.04) and in those with better biofilm control (PR:0.99; 95%CI: 0.98-0.99; p = 0.03). Non-operative approaches are effective for controlling active enamel carious lesions. The majority of active enamel carious lesions became inactive and did not progress after treatment. Caries control was associated with older children and better biofilm control.

Cost-effectiveness of selective caries removal versus stepwise excavation for deep caries lesions

Abstract A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of two treatments for deep caries lesions in permanent molars - selective caries removal (SCR) to soft dentin with restoration in a single visit, and stepwise excavation (SW) - regarding pulp vitality for a 5-year follow-up period. The present study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of these treatments. Treatments were conducted in two Brazilian cities (Brasília and Porto Alegre). At baseline, 299 permanent molars (233 patients) were treated and 229 teeth (174 patients) were evaluated after 5 years. The discounted cash flow method was adopted. The total cost of each treatment was calculated, and the failure cost (endodontic treatment + restoration) was added to the final cost, according to the 5-year failure rates of each therapy (20% for SCR and 44% for SW). A public health service unit composed of three dentists in 4-hour work shifts was used to calculate the monetary value of the treatments, assuming a total of 528 treatments/month. Considering the 229 teeth evaluated after 5 years (115 SCR and 114 SW), SCR provided savings of 43% (amalgam) and 41% (resin composite) per treatment, compared to SW. The SCR technique provides benefits for public finances (direct economy) and for public health services (increase in the number of treatments performed). Considering that maximizing profit and reducing costs are powerful motivating factors for adopting a certain treatment, this study provides data to better support the decision-making process, regarding the management of deep caries lesions in permanent molars.

A 14-Year Follow-Up Study of Sequelae in Primary Teeth and Permanent Successors After Dental Trauma

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p<0.05). Results: 362 primary and successor teeth were followed. Sequelae were present in 71.8% of primary teeth and 25.7% of their successors. Teeth with complicated fracture (100%), extrusion (100%) and avulsion (100%) resulted in the largest amounts of sequelae in primary teeth and intrusion (61%) on their successors. Age was associated with sequelae in permanent teeth (p<0.01). Extrusion (OR 10.06; CI 2.12-47.63) and intrusion (OR 7.51; CI 2.73-20.70) had a higher risk to cause sequelae in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. Conclusion: The type of injury involved influenced the sequelae in traumatized teeth and their successors, and the age of the child influenced the presence of sequelae in permanent teeth.

Endemic dental fluorosis in children from a brazilian slave-descendent community: a cross-sectional study / Fluorose dentária endêmica em crianças de uma comunidade quilombola brasileira: um estudo transversal

Although fluoride (F) is required for the normal growth and development of several human organs and tissues, excessive exposure to it may be potentially toxic. Groundwater may present ranging levels of F; however, the appearance, taste, and smell are not altered. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate dental fluorosis in children from a Brazilian slave-descendent community, as well as to assess F levels in the drinking water supplies available in that area. For that, 21 children aged from 6 to 14 years living in Rincão dos Martimianos were invited to participate. Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (a 0­9 scale) was used to assess dental fluorosis on permanent teeth. Furthermore, the F concentration of two water samples (from the artesian well and a tank) was determined by using a potentiometric method. All children presented dental fluorosis to some degree, ranging from score 2 to 9. About 81% of them had dental fluorosis scores equal to or over 5. Scores lower than 5 were observed only in children younger than 8 years; on the other hand, all children older than 8 years presented scores higher than 5. Moreover, artesian well water had an F concentration of 5 mg/L and tank water 0.8 mg/L. It is suggested that the F-rich groundwater supply was most probably responsible for dental fluorosis in that area. Brazilian slave-descendent communities, therefore, should receive constant attention from their local authorities in order to guarantee a proper water supply for consumption, as well as to provide public health education(AU)

Embora o flúor (F) seja necessário para o crescimento e desenvolvimento normal de vários órgãos e tecidos humanos, a exposição excessiva pode ser potencialmente tóxica. As águas subterrâneas podem apresentar níveis variados de F; no entanto, a aparência, o sabor e o cheiro não são alterados. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a fluorose dentária em crianças de uma comunidade brasileira descendente de escravos, bem como avaliar os níveis de F na água potável disponível nessa área. Para isso, 21 crianças de 6 a 14 anos residentes no Rincão dos Martimianos foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. O índice de Thylstrup e Fejerskov (uma escala de 0 a 9) foi usado para avaliar a fluorose dentária em dentes permanentes. Além disso, a concentração de F de duas amostras de água (do poço artesiano e de um tanque) foi determinada pelo método potenciométrico. Todas as crianças apresentaram algum grau de fluorose dentária, variando de 2 a 9. Cerca de 81% delas apresentaram escores de fluorose dentária iguais ou superiores a 5. Escores inferiores a 5 foram observados apenas em crianças menores de 8 anos; por outro lado, todas as crianças maiores de 8 anos apresentaram escores superiores a 5. Além disso, a água do poço artesiano tinha concentração de F de 5 mg/L e a água do tanque 0,8 mg/L. Desta forma, acredita-se que a fonte de água subterrânea rica em F foi provavelmente responsável pela fluorose dentária na região avaliada. As comunidades quilombolas brasileiras, portanto, devem receber atenção constante de suas autoridades locais, a fim de garantir o abastecimento adequado de água para consumo, bem como proporcionar educação em saúde pública(AU)

Functional dentition and associated factors: the evaluation of three indicators

Studying the different indicators of functional dentition classification can contribute to the understanding of the associated factors, and thus help in the definition of strategies associated with oral health care. This approach has been little explored in the literature, especially when considering the older age group. Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors associated with three distinct functional dentition classification. Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study using secondary data from the Frailty in Older Brazilians (FIBRA) Project of 876 older adults living in Campinas, Brazil. The indicators of dental function assessed was number of natural teeth present, occluding pairs of teeth and the Eichner index, which were verified by trained dentists, following the World Health Organization criteria for epidemiological studies in oral health. The explanatory variable assessed was the self-perception of oral health-related quality of life measured by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and its dimensions. It was also collected sociodemographic information such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, schooling, family income, smoking behavior and frailty status. The association was verified through Poisson regressions for number of teeth and pairs of teeth in occlusion and multinomial regression for the Eichner index, adjusted by sociodemographic and health variables. Results: Lower prevalence of participants with less than 21 teeth who negatively perceived GOHAI ́s pain and discomfort dimension and higher prevalence of having less teeth among the ones that negatively perceived GOHAI ́s physical and functional dimensions. No association was found between the perception of quality of life and occlusion pairs of teeth and the Eichner Index. Conclusion: Two out of three indicators assessed were associated with quality of life. Therefore, it is important to select sensitive indicators to be able to identify and better comprehend this relationship