O olhar e a prova do estrangeiro / The gaze and the experience of the foreign

Resumo: O que poderia causar um sentimento de estranheza maior, ao ser humano, do que seu inconsciente que lhe mostra os limites de sua capacidade de ver e dizer? Esse artigo procura demonstrar que o estrangeiro não está apenas inscrito no olhar, um olhar que não se restringe ao visível, mas que se encontra no âmago do sujeito. Sua irrupção, a cada evento ocasional, inclusive ao mudar de país, confronta o sujeito com o que o divide e se torna um enigma para ele. Esse enigma representa uma verdadeira prova que mobiliza a subjetividade do indivíduo e a necessidade de um recurso singular para lidar com ele. Essa prova não revela necessariamente uma psicopatologia. Ela pode dar origem à inventividade, como mostram as experiências artísticas e iniciáticas. Para embasar a sua abordagem, a autora toma, como ponto de apoio e como horizonte, os conhecimentos da psicanálise, principalmente a contribuição freudiana.

ABSTRACT: What is more foreign to us than our own unconscious, showing us a limit to what can be seen and said? The author shows that not only is the foreign inscribed in the gaze, a gaze that cannot be reduced to the visible, but that it lies at the very heart of the human subject. Its irruption at various occasions, including when travelling between different countries, confronts us with what divides us and remains an enigma. This challenging experience mobilises our subjectivity, calling for a unique solution. Far from always being a sign of pathology, it can lead to inventive action, as shown by artistic and rite-of-passage experiences. The author's approach relies on what is transmitted to us by psychoanalysis, primarily highlighting the work of Freud.

Síndrome de burnout en médicos de Terapias Intensivas de General Roca y Cipolletti / Burnout syndrome in doctors of Intensive Therapies General Roca and Cipolletti

Objetivo: Conocer la existencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos intensivistas de General Roca y Cipolletti, y correlacionarlo con factores de estrés laboral. Diseño: Encuesta a los médicos intensivistas de adultos, pediátricos y neonatólogos, de General Roca y Cipolletti, utilizando el Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (MBI), la encuesta hospitalaria de estrés/satisfacción laboral (HCJSSQ) y una autoevaluación del nivel de estrés/satisfacción. Se identificaron los profesionales que están por encima de la mediana en agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, y por debajo en realización personal. La presencia de las tres dimensiones definió la existencia del síndrome. Se correlacionaron las encuestas con el coeficiente de Pearson, vinculando el burnout con los factores que provocan estrés. Resultados: Respondieron 52 intensivistas (92% del total); 12 presentaron burnout (21,4%), en su mayoría, mujeres (58,33%). Cinco (41,7%) de ellos consideraron al estrés intenso; 6 (50%), moderado y uno (8,33%), leve. Casi el 60% de los afectados no reconoció su existencia. Los intensivistas de instituciones públicas, de terapias pediátricas/neonatoló- gicas y de Cipolletti manifestaron más afectación. Los factores que provocan estrés fueron: falta de tiempo, mayor complejidad tecnológica, necesidad de cubrir guardias y dar malas noticias, amenaza de litigio, restricciones institucionales, conflictos con el equipo de trabajo, falta de autonomía, exceso de responsabilidad y sensación de no hacer bien la tarea. Un factor de satisfacción fue el trabajo en equipo. Conclusión: Se evidenció el rol institucional en la prevención, el reconocimiento y el empleo de estrategias de abordaje orientadas al afectado y a mejorar el clima organizacional, las condiciones laborales, la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo.(AU)

Objective: To establish the occurrence of burnout syndrome in critical care physicians from General Roca and Ciplolletti, and correlate it with factors found in work-related stress. Design: A survey involving all adult, pediatric and neonatal critical care physicians in General Roca and Cipolletti. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (MBI) questionnaire, the Hospital Consultants Job Stress & Satisfaction questionnaire (HCJSSQ) and an auto-evaluation of stress and satisfaction levels were used. The investigation identified professionals of above-average emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and below-average personal achievement. The presence of these three indicators defined the existence of the syndrome. The questionnaires were correlated using the Pearson coefficient to link burnout with factors causing stress. Results: Fifty-two critical care physicians responded to the survey (92% of the target group): 12 presented burnout (21.4%), the majority being women (58.33%). Five (41.7%) of them considered their stress to be "severe", 6 (50%) "moderate" and 1 (8.33%) "mild". Almost 60% of those affected were unaware of its presence. Critical care physicians working in public institutions, in pediatric/neonatal care and in Cipolletti were the most affected. Correlating stress-inducing factors: lack of time, high levels of technological complexity, need to cover ER/A&E and deliver bad news, threat of litigation, institutional restrictions, conflicts within a team, lack of autonomy, excess responsibility and the feeling of underperforming. Teamwork was a factor in deriving satisfaction. Conclusion: The role played by the institution was identified as a factor in the prevention and recognition, and the use of hands-on strategies aimed at the sufferer and at improving the organisational climate, working conditions, communication and teamwork(AU)