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OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationships between the body mass index, body weight perception, and depressed mood in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed the data from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and evaluated the relationships between the body mass index, body weight perception, and depressed mood by gender (36655 boys and 35780 girls). RESULTS: For boys, a low body mass index and perceiving oneself as underweight were related to depressed mood. For girls, both low and high body mass indices were negatively related to depressed mood. In addition, self-perceptions of being underweight or overweight were positively related to depressed mood. Body weight perception was not a significant mediator in the relationship between body mass index and depressed mood. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that both body mass index and body weight perception significantly contribute to Korean adolescents' depressed mood. Thus, research and clinical attention needs to be given to underweight as well as overweight adolescents, because those who perceive their weight as not normal are at risk for depression.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Depression , Overweight , Risk-Taking , Self Concept , ThinnessABSTRACT
Introduction: Suicidal behaviour is common in bipolar disorder. This is especially true in anxious patients or comorbid anxiety disorder. The effect of subsyndromal anxiety in this group of patients in India needs to be assessed. This study was undertaken to assess comorbid anxiety in patients of bipolar disorder with and without suicidal behavior and to study the relationship of co-morbid anxiety with suicidal behavior in patients with bipolar disorder. Material & Method: 60 bipolar disorder patients in remission coming to the Central Institute of Psychiatry diagnosed as per DSM IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria, 30 with suicidal ideation and 30 without suicidal ideation were taken in the study. Co-morbid conditions other than anxiety were ruled out. They were further assessed on Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. Results: The suicidal group was significantly more depressed than the Non-suicidal group with p < 0.001. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between General Somatic Symptoms (Muscular) item and duration of illness (r=0.481, p<0.01). Statistically significant positive correlation were found between the item anxious (r=0.380, p<0.05) and BSI scores. Statistically significant positive correlation were found between the item tension (r=0.435, p<0.05) and BSI scores. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between depressed mood (r=0.368, p< 0.05) and age of onset. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between General Somatic Symptoms (Muscular) (r=0.434, p< 0.05) and age of onset. Conclusions: Suicidal patients were significantly more depressed than the non suicidal patients. Within the suicidal group it was noted that patients who were more anxious and had more tension had higher scores on the suicidal ideation scale. These two items may be taken as indicators of higher suicidal tendencies in patients of bipolar disorders. Also, somatic symptoms were related to duration of illness. Within the Non-suicidal group, age of onset was related to depressed mood and somatic symptoms.
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Objective To evaluate the depressed mood status of nurses from 2009 to 2013 in China,and to provide evidence for launching psychological health education.Methods PubMed,VIP database,the CNKI database were searched to find the published literatures about the detection of depressed mood among nurses from January 2009 to December 2013.According to exclusion criteria the studies were screened,and the qualities of included studies were evaluated and Meta-analysis software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Totally 633 literatures were included.After screening a total of 583 literatures were excluded,after further study on the full text of literature,eventually 30 literatures were included,a total of 12 626 people,6 946 cases were detected with depressed mood.The Meta-analysis results showed that the total depressed mood detection rate was 42.5％.There was no significant difference among genders,working years,and educational background; but ages may play a role in occurrence of depression.Conclusions Depressed mood of Chinese nurses was significantly higher than the general population,and older nurses were suffered from more serious depression.
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This study was designed to investigate the relationships of depressed mood with obesity, blood and urinary compositions, and dietary habits in Koreans at the age of 40, a critical transition to the middle adulthood stage. A total of 27,684 people who have taken the Life Transition Period Health Examination at the Korea Association of Health Promotion in 2011 were divided into two groups; the depressed mood group (DG) and the non-depressed group (NG) according to results of the primary questionnaire for mental health. The results were analyzed using the health examination criteria of the National Health Insurance Corporation. Women and medicaid recipients showed higher incidence of depressed mood than men and health insurance subscribers. People with underweight in BMI or abdominal obesity showed correlation with depressed mood, while there was no significant relationship with metabolic syndrome. Regarding blood and urinary compositions, DG was related to a higher level of hemoglobin and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, although the relationships diminished after adjustment for other confounder effects. According to dietary habits, more people in DG were categorized as a group for "Needs Much Improvement", and the odds ratio of the depressed mood showed a significant increase. Significant difference regarding the frequency of food items such as milk products, animal proteins, Kimchi, and fruits was observed between DG and NG. In addition, a higher portion of subjects in DG did not consume regular meals and various kinds of food. In conclusion, the depressed mood of 40 year-old adults was significantly related to underweight, higher waist measurement, and undesirable dietary habits. Results of our study can be applicable as a basic resource for development of effective nutrition counseling and education programs for improvement of mental health promotion during the critical transition to the middle adulthood stage.
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Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Counseling , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Health Promotion , Hemoglobins , Incidence , Insurance, Health , Korea , Meals , Medicaid , Mental Health , Milk , National Health Programs , Obesity , Obesity, Abdominal , Odds Ratio , Proteins , Surveys and Questionnaires , ThinnessABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents. METHODS: Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to identify significant factors for suicidal ideation/attempt. The dependent variable was the log odds of suicidal ideation/attempt, while the independent/control variables were sleep duration and other demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors. RESULTS: A negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation or attempt was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in Korea for Year 2009. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation/attempt regarding less than 4 hours of sleep compared to 6 to 7 hours of sleep, was smaller in a group with depressed mood than in a group without such experience, for example, 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 2.08) vs. 2.06 (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.17) for men's suicidal ideation, 2.50 (95% CI, 1.69 to 3.69) vs. 3.89 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.66) for men's suicidal attempt. A negative association between age (or self-rated health) and suicidal ideation/attempt was also weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in the nation for the year. CONCLUSIONS: There was a negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/attempt in Korea for Year 2009 and this association was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience. Based on the findings of this study, adolescents' better mental health and longer, more comfortable sleep might help to prevent their suicidal ideation and attempt in Korea.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Demography , Internet , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Republic of Korea , Sex Factors , Sleep , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
Este estudio examinó las relaciones concurrentes y prospectivas entre los problemas de salud informados por adolescentes, y diversos factores emocionales, junto con las diferencias de género en dichas variables. Los participantes fueron 307 estudiantes de Concepción (Chile) con edades entre 14 y 19 años. Los problemas de salud presentaron relaciones concurrentes significativas con los eventos estresantes experimentados, el estrés percibido y el ánimo depresivo. Además el ánimo depresivo fue un predictor significativo de los problemas de salud medidos 11 meses después. Comparadas con los hombres, las mujeres informaron mayores problemas de salud y obtuvieron puntajes significativamente mayores en todas las variables consideradas, con la excepción del número de eventos estresantes. Se proponen diversos factores para explicar los resultados obtenidos.
This study examined concurrent and prospective associations amongadolescents health problems and some emotional factors and to examinegender differences. Participants were 307 students, 14 to 19 years old, fromConcepción (Chile). Results showed significant concurrent relationships of reported health problems with stressful events, perceived stress and depressed mood. In the prospective analysis depressed mood was a significantpredictor of reported health problems 11 month later. Compared to males,adolescent females reported higher levels of health problems and also higherscores in the other variables, except in the number of stressful events. Diverse explanatory factors for obtained results are proposed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adolescent Health , Case Reports , Gender Identity , Depressive DisorderABSTRACT
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Abstract: The areas in which interesting connections can be established between sleep and health are increasingly numerous. With reference to the habitual sleep duration, usually there is a distinction between subjects being mentioned as having short sleep pattern (sleeping 6 hours ot less per day), subjects with intermediate sleep pattern (sleeping 7-8 houts per day) and subjects with long sleep pattern (sleeping 9 ot more hours per day). The reason for these individual differences in sleep duration is unknown and it is still debatable as to wherher a period of 7 ot 8 hours of sleep is, in fact, ideal in terms of physical and mental well being. Evidence found in the last few years shows that sleeping more time, ot less, than associated to the intermediate sleep pattern (7-8 hours), appeats to have adverse consequences on physical health. In different studies, the subjects with intermediate sleep pattern have a better physical health, a minot mottality tisk and, fot example, a minot tisk fot developing diabetes ot coronaty events. On the other hand, there are very few investigations concerning the possible psychological differences between sleep patterns and the results are inconsistent. Also, the current line of investigation focuses on the sleep quantity parameter without simultaneously evaluating other televant sleep aspects, such as sleep quality. The negative impact on health of a poor sleep quality is better understood, but has been investigated almost exclusively in subjects with sleep disotdets. In order to better undetstand the relationship between sleep and psychological well being it is necessary to investigate the joint effect of sleep quality and sleep quantity without a direct influence of clinical alterations. Furthermore, the difference between sleep quantity and sleep quality is important if a more complete analysis of this topic is to be teached. The present work is the first of two that analyze the relation between subjective sleep quantity and quality, and psychological variables in healthy subjects. This paper focuses on the influence of the sleep pattern (shott, intermediate and long sleep pattern), the subjective sleep quality (high, medium ot low sleep quality), and the possible interaction between both factors on the anxiety and the depressed mood state. All study participants were selected considering their responses to a sleep questionnaire created for this purpose, which exploted sleep habits, past and present medical and psychological conditions, and medication consumption. The final sample was composed of 125 healthy students (110 women and 15 men) aged between 18 and 26 years. The selected subjects presented good medical and psychological health and neither consume any type of medication non had an extteme citcadian type (morning-type ot evening-type). Each subject had a common bedtime hour between 11:30 p.m. and 2:30 a.m. and a wake time hour between 7:30 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. The sample was divided in the following way: 1) Subjects with a short sleep pattern (n=20), 2) Subjects with an intermediate sleep pattern (n=82), and 3) Subjects with a long sleep pattern (n=23). Thtee subgroups wete fotmed within each sleep pattetn in function of the subjective sleep quality, consideted as being high, medium ot low. These petcentages wete 25%, 40% and 35%, tespectively, in the gtoup with shott sleep pattern; 42.68%, 43.9% and 13.41% in the group with intermediate sleep pattern; and 30.43%, 52.17% and 17.39% in the group with long sleep pattern. The anxiety and the deptessed mood state were evaluated with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. In adittion, subjects completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)(which has not been taken into consideration here). Subjects with BAI ot BDI punctuations highet than 18 points ot with scores over the centil 70 in neutoticism and psychoticism were excluded in order to guatantee that the sample was ftee of psychological dysfunction. Two-way ANOVAs were performed to examine the effects of sleep quantity (short, intermediate ot long sleep pattern) and subjective sleep quality (high, medium ot low sleep quality) as well as their interaction on anxiety and depressed mood state. The Levene test was used to examine vatiance homogeneity. The Scheffé test (fot equal vatiances) and the Tamhane test (fot unequal variances) were used as post hoc contrast statistics. The results showed that the BAI punctuations were influenced by subjective sleep quality but not by habitual sleep duration. Those subjects satisfied with their sleep had less anxiety symptoms (8.18) than those who estimated their sleep as being of lowet quality (14.34). There were no differences as to anxiety between the group with medium and low sleep quality. The BDI scotes were influenced by the sleep quantity as well as the quality of sleep. The subjects with short sleep pattern had highet punctuations on depressed mood (10.75) than those with medium (6.10) or long (6.04) sleep pattern. With reference to sleep quality, subjects with high subjective sleep quality had lowet punctuations on depressed mood (3.51) than those with medium (7.73) ot low (11.64) sleep quality. Depressed mood is the variable which holds a closet relationship with sleep processes, as can be seen in its relations with sleep quantity as well as subjective sleep quality, even the sample was non-clinical. Anxiety is related with sleep quality. There is not any significant interaction between sleep quantity and sleep quality for the analyzed variables. This results highlight the need to evaluate sleep quantity as well as sleep quality, due to both being relatively independent measutes that ptovide complementaty infotmation. The mechanisms that can be mediating in the observed relationships are uncleat. Note that the data fot this type of study is correlational and not causal. Sleep quality seems to depend on the expression of slow wave sleep (phases 3 and 4). Recent studies show that being wottied ot anxious disturbs the normal appeatance of there phases, which could be related to the findings found in the current study. In relation to sleep duration, it is possible that the negative impact of a short sleep pattern on mood be related with some type of accumulated sleep deprivation. The reasoning is even more uncleat in long sleep pattern subjects and maybe related to the extra REM sleep that typically occuts when a person sleeps more than 7-8 hours. In order to better understand this series of relationships it is necessary to carry out longitudinal investigations with objective measures in healthy subjects as well as in subjects with sleep disorders of different degrees, and should include subjects with different ages (children, adults, etc.). It is important to consider the consequences associated to the deviant models of sleep duration and optimum sleep quality, making it necessary to encoutage preventive and educational measutes designed to improve out sleep habits. This assumption is not incompatible with a cettain individual variability that may exist with reference to sleep duration, albeit within cettain boundaties (e.g. in young people from 6 to 9 hours) which will come to be included in the intermediate sleep pattern.
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OBJECTIVES: This study investigated PTSD prevalence, symptoms, depressed mood and anxiety, comparing two groups of the patients in trauma; one who had experienced the loss of consciousness (group "A" here after) and the other group of patients who had not(group "B" here after). METHOD: Subjects were 120 patients(age18-66) who had received trauma(traffic accident, fall down) more than 1 month. Before they consisted of 56 patients who had experienced the loss of the consciousness(46.7%) and 64 who had not(53.3%). Men were 69 and women were 51. Clinician administered PTSD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory-I, II were administered. The factors such as sociodemographic variables, unconsciousness at the time of trauma, memory about traumatic accidents were considered. RESULT: Out of 120 subjects, 30 patients(25%) were diagnosed as PTSD: 17 from 56(30.4%) and 13 from 64(20.3%) were found in the group "A" and "B" respectively. Prevalence of PTSD was higher in the group "A". However, there was no significant difference between two groups(X2=1.607, p>0.05). The CAPS of group "A" showed significantly high frequency in the loss of interest, detachment, restricted affect, sleep difficulty, irritability/anger, concentration difficulty(p<0.05), while the group "B" scored high in intrusive recall and increased startle. The scores of BDI, STAI-I, II were significantly higher in the group "A"(t=-3.16, p<0.05)(t=-2.75, p<0.05, t=-3.38, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PTSD was more frequent and depressed mood and anxiety appeared more often in the group who experienced the loss of consciousness. Thus the loss of the consciousness at the time of trauma prones of the aevelopment PTSD and to symptom of aepression and anxiety.