ABSTRACT
Background: High salinity of drinking water can adversely affect health and productive performance of calves during artificial rearing. Objective: To evaluate the effect of drinking water total dissolved salts (TDS) content on productive performance of Holstein-Friesian calves during artificial rearing. Methods: Twenty-nine newborn Holstein-Friesian calves weighing 39±0.94 kg at birth were randomly assigned to two treatment groups for 56 d. Treatment 1 (n=14) consisted of drinking water with 1,469±75 mg L-1 TDS, while treatment 2 (n=15) used drinking water from the same source but filtered by reverse osmosis to contain 107±31 mg L-1 TDS. Results: Water intake was numerically affected by TDS concentration, increasing 13% (p>0.08) when drinking low-TDS water (3,554 versus 3,088 ml d-1). Feed intake (dry basis) decreased 26% (500 versus 676 g d-1; p0.05) by TDS content in the drinking water. Conclusion: Desalinated water improves productive performance of Holstein-Friesian calves during artificial rearing.
Antecedentes: Una alta salinidad del agua de bebida puede afectar negativamente la salud y el comportamiento productivo de los terneros durante la crianza. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del contenido de sales disueltas totales (SDT) en el agua de bebida sobre el comportamiento productivo de los terneros durante la crianza artificial. Métodos: Veintinueve terneros Holstein- Friesian recién nacidos, con 39±0,94 kg de peso vivo fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos tratamientos. El tratamiento 1 consistió de 14 terneros que bebieron agua con 1.469±75 mg L-1 de SDT; mientras que al tratamiento 2 se asignaron 15 terneros que recibieron agua de la misma fuente, pero filtrada mediante el procedimiento de ósmosis inversa y conteniendo 107±31 mg L-1 de SDT. Resultados: La concentración de SDT afectó numéricamente el consumo de agua durante los 56 días de lactancia (p>0,08), incrementándose 13% cuando los terneros bebieron agua con bajo contenido de sales (3.554 vs 3.088 ml d-1). El consumo de alimento (base seca) disminuyó 26% (500 vs 676 g d-1; p0,05). Conclusión: El agua de bebida desalinizada mejora el comportamiento productivo de terneros Holstein durante la crianza artificial.
Antecedentes: Alta salinidade da água potável pode afetar adversamente a saúde e o desempenho produtivo de bezerros durante o acasalamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do total de sais dissolvidos (TSD) na água potável sobre o comportamento dos bezerros durante a lactação. Métodos: Vinte e nove terneiros Holstein-Friesian recém-nascidos, com 39±0,94 kg de peso vivo, foram designados aleatoriamente a dois tratamentos. O tratamento 1 considerou 14 terneiros os quais beberam água com 1.469±75 mg L-1 do total de sais dissolvidos (TSD); enquanto ao tratamento 2 se designaram 15 terneiros bebendo água da mesma fonte filtrada através do procedimento de osmose inversa e contendo 107±31 mg L-1 de TSD. Resultados: O consumo de água de bezerros durante os 56 dias de lactação artificial foi ligeiramente afetado pela concentração de TDS na água potável (p>0,08) e aumentou em 13% quando os bezerros beberam água com baixo teor de sal (3.554 vs 3.088 ml d-1); o consumo de alimento sólido (base seca) diminuiu em 26% (500 vs 676 g d-1; p0,05) pelo conteúdo de TSD na água de beber. Conclusão: A dessalinização da água de beber melhora o comportamento produtivo de terneiros Holstein durante o período de lactação artificial..
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the current situation of chronic diseases among island residents who have drunken desalinated water for a long time， and to reveal the relationship between drinking desalinated water and water from other sources and the prevalence of chronic diseases among the population. Methods According to the different drinking water sources of island residents， the research subjects were divided into seawater desalination group （residents of Gouqi Township， Shengsi County）， mixed water source group （residents of Shengshan Town， Shengsi County） and freshwater group （residents of Huanglong Township， Shengsi County）. Through the chronic disease network report and resident health file system， the current situation of chronic diseases in different water groups was investigated and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of malignant tumor among drinking water sources （ χ 2=23.867， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease （ χ 2=194.883， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of stroke （ χ 2=35.637， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > mixed water group > desalination group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=2.808， P =0.246）， but there was significant difference in the age of onset of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=7.368， P =0.001）， and significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=17.144， P <0.001）， and the onset age and prevalence were all in the order of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension （ χ 2=3.962， P =0.138）， but there was significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=20.734， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. Conclusion Long-term consumption of desalinated water by residents is correlated with malignant tumors， coronary heart disease and stroke， and has no correlation with diabetes and hypertension.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the current situation of chronic diseases among island residents who have drunken desalinated water for a long time， and to reveal the relationship between drinking desalinated water and water from other sources and the prevalence of chronic diseases among the population. Methods According to the different drinking water sources of island residents， the research subjects were divided into seawater desalination group （residents of Gouqi Township， Shengsi County）， mixed water source group （residents of Shengshan Town， Shengsi County） and freshwater group （residents of Huanglong Township， Shengsi County）. Through the chronic disease network report and resident health file system， the current situation of chronic diseases in different water groups was investigated and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of malignant tumor among drinking water sources （ χ 2=23.867， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease （ χ 2=194.883， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of stroke （ χ 2=35.637， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > mixed water group > desalination group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=2.808， P =0.246）， but there was significant difference in the age of onset of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=7.368， P =0.001）， and significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=17.144， P <0.001）， and the onset age and prevalence were all in the order of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension （ χ 2=3.962， P =0.138）， but there was significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=20.734， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. Conclusion Long-term consumption of desalinated water by residents is correlated with malignant tumors， coronary heart disease and stroke， and has no correlation with diabetes and hypertension.