ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las demandas actuales de trabajo, las extensas jornadas laborales y la presión social, entre otras, pueden generar en el trabajador efectos negativos como depresión, ansiedad, problemas de sueño, estrés, y por ende poca motivación, inconformismo e inestabilidad laboral. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores de Riesgo Psicosocial, y el Síndrome de Desgaste Ocupacional en trabajadores de una empresa de recreación y entretenimiento educativo infantil. Metodología: Estudio cuali-cuantiativo. Se aplicó a una muestra de 72 trabajadores la ficha de datos socio-demográficos, los cuestionarios para la evaluación de factores de riesgo intralaboral y extralaboral diseñados y validados para Colombia por el Ministerio de Trabajo y el Cuestionario de evaluación del Síndrome del Quemarse por el trabajo (CESQT) de Gil Monte. Se elaboraron distribuciones de frecuencia en los distintos factores y cruces de variables a través del software Epi-Info. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el 56% de los encuestados perciben un nivel de riesgo Intralaboral alto y muy alto. A nivel extralaboral, el 71% de los trabajadores se ubica en riesgo alto y muy alto; el 72% identifica el Desplazamiento vivienda-trabajo-vivienda en niveles de riesgo alto y muy alto. En el total de la prueba CESQT, 16 personas, se encuentran en nivel de riesgo Alto y Crítico. Conclusión: El cruce de variables mostró los niveles de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral como extralaboral altos y muy altos se encuentran correlacionados con niveles altos y críticos de la escala de culpa del CESQT en el 33% y el 29% de los encuestados respectivamente.
Introduction: Current work demands, long working hours, social pressure, among others, can cause negative effects on workers such depression, anxiety, sleep problems, stress, little motivation and job instability. Objective: To characterize psychosocial risk factors and Burnout syndrome among employees of a recreation and entertainment organization for children in Bogota D.C. Methodology: Semicuantiative study. The Socio-demographic Profile Data Questionnaire for Assessing Non-occupational Factors and Working Risk designed and validated for Colombia by Colombian Ministry of Labour and the Gil Monte Assessment Questionnaire of Working Burnout Syndrome (CESQT) were applied to 72 workers. Frequency distributions were proposed for different factors and variables were analyzed with Epi-Info. Results: 56% of respondents perceived very high and high level of risks at work. Related to non-occupational level, 71% of workers reported very high and high risk; 72% identified home-work environment as the one with highest risk and displacement. According to CESQT total score, 16 interviewed workers are in high and critical risk. Conclusion: Bivariated analysis showed high psychosocial working risk and a very high one outside work, which are correlated with critical and high levels in the guilty scale (CESQT test) in 33% and 29% of respondents respectively.
ABSTRACT
Los propósitos de este estudio fueron conocer la prevalencia de riesgo psicosocial en importantes funcionarios públicos que imparten justicia en México, D.F., así como identificar la relación entre variables socio-demográficas, desgaste ocupacional (burnout) y trastornos psicosomáticos. Se obtuvo información de 75 trabajadores que imparten justicia en México, D.F. (n=75) mediante la Escala de Desgaste Ocupacional de Uribe-Prado (2010). Los resultados mostraron que el burnout es la mejor variable para pronosticar trastornos psicosomáticos en términos de factores psicosociales en el trabajo; los análisis de este trabajo se discuten en términos de la importancia de conocer el riesgo psicosocial para efectos de prevención, diagnóstico e intervención a partir de la respuesta al estrés crónico. Se utilizaron correlaciones, análisis de varianza, regresiones y un modelo estructural para ajustar las variables en términos estructurales. El alfa de Cronbach para las variables evaluadas se ubico entre .63 y .83 de confiabilidad. Se enfatiza la importancia de que secretarios, jueces y magistrados que imparten justicia desempeñen su trabajo en términos de salud ocupacional.
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk in major public officials who administer justice in Mexico City, and to identify the relationship between socio-demographic variables, occupational wear (burnout) and psychosomatic disorders. Information of 75 workers who administer justice was obtained in Mexico, DF (n = 75) by the Occupational Scale Wear of Uribe-Prado (2010). The results showed that burnout is the best variable to predict psychosomatic disorders in terms of psychosocial factors at work; analyzes of this study are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding the effects of psychosocial risk prevention, diagnosis and intervention from the response to chronic stress. Correlations, analysis of variance, regressio'ns and a structural model to adjust the variables used in structural terms. Cronbachs alpha for the evaluated variables was located between .63 and .83 reliability. The importance of secretaries, judges and magistrates to administer justice undertake their work in terms of occupational health is emphasized.
ABSTRACT
Compreender como os conflitos com a instituição e desacordos quanto às atribuições de membros da equipe, são apreendidos e reconstruídos pelos médicos da Saúde da Família, sob a perspectiva do "burnout". Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida no Recife, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006, com 24 médicos. Foram selecionadas quatro equipes a partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e Distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis Distritos Sanitários. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: Os médicos revelam enorme discrepância entre expectativas e realidade do trabalho. Rejeitam a priorização institucional da consulta e cobrança de produtividade. Sofrem diante do que consideram à perda da identidade profissional: atribuições da enfermeira questionam o núcleo histórico da sua prática -o diagnóstico e o tratamento da doença. Sobretudo entre aqueles com maiores expectativas na conversão do modelo, existe descrédito quanto às mudanças e há o desejo de desistir. Observa-se amplo conjunto de elementos que favorecem o desenvolvimento simultâneo de esgotamento e ineficácia profissional, e que provocam atitudes negativas, reforçando a necessidade da promoção da saúde no trabalho.
The scope of this paper is to understand how conflicts with the institution and disagreements regarding team members'attributions are interpreted by Family Healthcare physicians from the burnout perspective. Qualitative research was conducted with 24 doctors in Recife between August 2005 and November 2006 based on management evaluation (geographic access, conflicts within the team, between teams and the District, between the team and the community and public violence in the area), and four teams were selected in each of the six Health Districts. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted. An enormous discrepancy between the expectations of physicians and the reality of the workplace was detected. They reject the institutional consultation priority and demands for productivity. They suffer from what they consider loss of professional identity, with nurses attributions questioning the historic essence of their practice. There is discredit concerning change and a desire to abandon the profession, especially amongst those with the highest expectations concerning conversion of the model. A broad set of elements was detected that favor simultaneous exhaustion and professional inefficiency and provoke negative attitudes, stressing the need for promoting health in the workplace.