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ABSTRACT The transition from analog to digital radiology has expanded the capabilities of radiological imaging but has also made it possible to increase the radiation dose received by patients. Image quality in radiology is determined by factors such as radiographic techniques (kVp and mAs), which directly impact the dose and image quality. This study focuses on pediatric radiological exams considering their greater radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between image quality and applied radiographic techniques using the CDRAD contrast-detail phantom. The results showed a direct linear relationship between the increase in kVp and the corresponding increase in image quality. Nonetheless, there was a significant variation in image quality between current-time products ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mAs, in contrast to the nearly linear relationship observed within the 2.5 and 10 mAs range
RESUMEN La transición de la radiología analógica a la digital ha ampliado las capacidades de las imágenes radiológicas, pero ha también permitió aumentar la dosis de radiación que reciben los pacientes. La calidad de la imagen en radiología está determinada por factores como las técnicas radiográficas (kVp y mAs), que impactan directamente en la dosis y la calidad de la imagen. Este estudio se centra en exámenes radiológicos pediátricos considerando su mayor radiosensibilidad y mayor espe ranza de vida. El estudio está dirigido a investigar la correlación entre la calidad de la imagen y las técnicas radiográficas aplicadas utilizando el detalle de contraste CDRAD fantasma. Los resultados mostraron una relación lineal directa entre el aumento de kVp y el correspondiente aumento de calidad de la imagen. No obstante, hubo una variación significativa en la calidad de la imagen entre los productos actuales que van desde 0,5 a 2,5 mAs, en contraste con la relación casi lineal observada dentro del rango de 2,5 y 10 mAs.
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Pediatrics/instrumentation , Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Technology, Radiologic/instrumentationABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the smartphone addiction among college students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with daily behaviors and mental health,and to provide reference for heath education and psychological counseling for college students.@*Methods@#An observational study using online quyestionnaire was conducted among 10 357 college students of two provincial medical schools in Guangdong and Shanxi Province from February 24th to March 4th in 2020. Participants were investigated on demographic information, smartphone addiction, daily routine, physical activity, weight status, anxiety, and other health information. Logistic regression with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score was used to analyze the association between smartphone addiction with daily behavior and mental health.@*Results@#The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 59.42%. The prevalence of phone addiction was higher in postgraduates, senior undergraduates, students with non-medical major, students living in GuangDong and those without regular exercise habit before vacation(χ 2=47.91，17.78，42.75，138.58，P<0.05). With IPTW, there were significant associations between smartphone addiction and late bedtimes (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.66-1.98) and wake-up times (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.44-1.68), more sedentary behaviors (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.12-1.31), less moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.22-1.44), anxiety (OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.52-3.40), weight gain(OR=1.27，95%CI=1.17-1.37) and other detrimental daily behavior and feelings.@*Conclusion@#High prevalence of smartphone addiction has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with impaired daily behavior and mental health.
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Objective@#To analyze the effect of detail nursing in enteral nutrition in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.@*Methods@#A total of 96 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to ICU department were divided into 2 groups of 48 cases according to the Stochastic numerical table method. Both groups were treated with enteral nutrition. During the treatment, the control group was given routine care, and the observation group was given detailed nursing, and the two groups were compared.@*Results@#The incidence of abdominal distension, constipation and diarrhea in the observation group was 4.17% (2/48) and 2.08% (1/48) lower than 16.67% (8/48) and 16.67% (8/48) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.019, 4.414, P<0.05). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 9.45±1.42, which was significantly higher than 7.19±1.36 of the control group (t=7.963, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum total protein (62.67±3.69) g/L, serum albumin (35.56±2.08) g/L, and peripheral lymphocyte count (1.68±0.15)×109 were significantly higher than (59.15±3.55) g/L, (31.62±2.17) g/L, (1.49±0.26)×109 in the control group (t=4.763, 9.081, 4.385, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#During the period of enteral nutrition therapy for patients with severe craniocerebral injury, detailed nursing is helpful to reduce the related complications, improve the degree of illness, and improve the nutritional status of the body.
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Objective To make good use of the incentive function of the reward policy of scientific research achievements in hospitals ,shorten the reward cycle of scientific and technological achievements ,reduce the management cost ,achieve the ul-timate goal of details management of scientific and technological achievements .Methods Through retrospective analysis of the incentive process to identify possible barriers ,reconstruct the rewarding procedures of scientific and technological achievements by bringing in informatization and publicity strategy ,compare the bonus distribution cycle with the traditional model .Results The results show that the reward model based on the scientific research management system reduces the bonus arrival waiting period by about 62％ ,saves management costs and improves staff compliance .Conclusions According to the 4-year practice experiences ,the new management model has further released the positive impact of the hospital award policy ,solved the key problem of restricting the rewarding effect by technological means in the process of rewarding scientific research achievements .
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Objective To analyze the effect of detail nursing in enteral nutrition in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 96 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to ICU department were divided into 2 groups of 48 cases according to the Stochastic numerical table method. Both groups were treated with enteral nutrition. During the treatment, the control group was given routine care, and the observation group was given detailed nursing, and the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of abdominal distension, constipation and diarrhea in the observation group was 4.17% (2/48) and 2.08% (1/48) lower than 16.67% (8/48) and 16.67% (8/48) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.019, 4.414, P<0.05). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 9.45 ± 1.42, which was significantly higher than 7.19 ± 1.36 of the control group (t=7.963, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum total protein (62.67±3.69) g/L, serum albumin (35.56±2.08) g/L, and peripheral lymphocyte count (1.68 ± 0.15)×109 were significantly higher than (59.15 ± 3.55) g/L, (31.62 ± 2.17) g/L, (1.49 ± 0.26)×109 in the control group (t=4.763, 9.081, 4.385, P<0.05). Conclusion During the period of enteral nutrition therapy for patients with severe craniocerebral injury, detailed nursing is helpful to reduce the related complications, improve the degree of illness, and improve the nutritional status of the body.
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Objective To promote the Institutional Review Board(IRB) construction and development via paying more attention to the detail management and providing better protection of subjects' rights and interests in ethical review of clinical trials and scientific research projects.Methods Assessment criteria were established according to the domestic and international laws and regulations on the management of ethical and scientific research project.Ethical site visit was performed on the 37 clinical trials/scientific research projects approved by IRB during the year 2012-2015.Results Clinical trials/scientific research projects were divided into tree types:the registered clinical trials,the post-marketing clinical trials and the researcher initiated scientific research project.All the types met with the following assessment criteria:satisfy the requirement of equipment,facilities and qualifications of drug preservation required for conducting clinical research;subjects were given compensation according to the protocol;informed consent were obtained.Among them,the registered clinical trials meet more criteria than other research types.Regarding to the standard of informed consent implementation,all types met with the following assessment criteria:all the subjects enrolled signed informed consent forms,informed consent forms are well documented;investigators and subjects/ the guardian signed the forms.However,during the site visit,some other criteria were also neglected more or less.Particularly,only few project recorded the consent process and time spots singed the forms.Conclusions Investigators should pay more attention to the activities and behaviors taken place during the research implementation process.Researchers and management staffs should pay attention to ethical detail management to guarantee better protection of subjects' rights and interests.
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Objective To help researchers to standardize and avoid the occurrence of scientific misconduct,promoting the scientific research integrity.Methods We retrospectively reviewed and summarized the practical experience of hospital scientific research management in recent past years.Results At present,the capacity of scientific research supervision still has a lot of space for further improvement,more effective and sound scientific research management mechanism are needed.Conclusions To improve the scientific research management mechanism,it is suggested to further develop the research integrity education,update and specify the management system of scientific research integrity,refine the scientific research management process,strengthen the monitoring of scientific re search funds,reinforce medical ethics training and construct more systematic scientific research per formance evaluation,as well as the construction of scientific research integrity of medical researchers.
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Objective To investigate the management effect of detail management combined with routine management in the treatment of cerebral protective agent in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and its effect on cognitive function.Methods 150 cases of patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were randomly divided into two groups, 75 cases in each groups.The control group was treated with the brain protectant olanxetan, the study group used the detailed management and routine management.Observation and comparison of two groups of patients with management and cognitive function.Results The treatment effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05).Before treatment, the difference of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 between the two groups was not statistically significant, after treatment were improved, and the study group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in BI index, neurological function and cognitive function between the two groups before treatment, and the treatment group was significantly improved after treatment, and the study group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of detailed management and routine management is helpful to improve the therapeutic effect and improve the cognitive function of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.
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Objective To discuss the detail design of medical linear accelerator room to optimize the layout of radiation shield.Methods According to the optimization principle for medical exposure protection and national radiation protection related documents,the influence of detail design on room quality was analyzed.Optimization design was executed from theaspects of spatial layout,protection,shielding wall,decorating materials,labyrinth,control cabin,protective door,occupancy factor,purification ventilation,tennperature humidity control and etc.Results The design and layout of the roomwere optimized to eliminate hidden risksand reduce the design flaws to prevent adverse consequences due to design errors.Conclusion Detail design contributes to stable operation,enhanced quality and efficiency of medical linear accelerator room.
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Along with changes of medical model, hospitals need to provide best outcome with lowest cost and best patient′s experience rather than merely medical treatments. It is the cultivation of lean awareness to the doctors that could acquire such outcome. The healthcare lean awareness can be summarized as responsibility awareness, digitalized awareness, detail awareness, and outstanding awareness. Through the cultivation of lean awareness, humanism can immerse into the doctors′practice, which is conducive to train for the great masters of the medicine.
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AIM: To observe the effect of perioperative detail treatment of pterygium. METHODS:Sixty cases(100 eyes) of pterygium patients were collected from Sep. 2012 to Jan. 2014. All cases were performed modified pterygium excision with limbal epithelial autograft transplantion under microscope. Corneal wound healing, graft survival, and the recurrence of pterygium were observed. RESULTS:All cases of conjunctival flap survive, corneal wound closed well. The patients were followed up for 7 to 12mo. Among them, 3 eyes recurred and the recurrence rate was 3%. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION:In the operation of pterygium excision with limbal epithelial autograft transplantion, standard and detail treatment can significantly improve the clinical effect.
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O presente texto pretende abordar a questão da feminilidade em relação ao tema das roupas. Freud havia concluído que a mulher "trançava e tecia" para encobrir a falta fálica e Lacan no rememorou com seu texto, que a mulher se portava como uma "autêntica tecelã" nos rearranjos pulsionais que empreendia em sua vida anímica. Partimos de alguns autores da literatura para demonstrar que a tese freudiana e lacaniana somente corroboram com a hipótese de que há uma relação intrincada entre mulheres e roupas, melhor dizendo: entre a feminilidade e a "função do véu". Entretanto, o feminino lança mão do véu que são as roupas, segundo a psicanálise, para encobrir uma suposta falta da mulher. Nesse sentido a roupa é uma saída fálica que encobriria a castração. O texto aponta então uma via de apreensão do feminino pelo tema do detalhe, pois as qualidades desse objeto ínfimo e sutil apresentam uma saída pelo estilo próprio e feminino de cada uma das mulheres. Ou seja, se a roupa apresenta uma saída pela via do falo, o detalhe marca o todo com um corte e reabre a questão da mulher com a própria falta.
The present text intends to approach the question of femininity in relation to the theme of clothing. Freud concluded that "braiding and weaving" was meant to cover the phallic lack, and Lacan reminded us with his text of the behavior of women as authentic weavers in the rearrangements of the drives that they have set up in their animic lives. We depart from some authors of the literature to demonstrate that the Freudian and Lacanian thesis only corroborate the hypothesis that there is an intricate relationship between women and clothing, that is, between femininity and "the function of the veil". However, the feminine employs the veil-which is the clothes, according to psychoanalysis- to cover a women's supposed lack. In this sense, the clothing is a phallic exit that would hide castration. The text points to another possibility of apprehension of the feminine through the theme of the detail, since the qualities of this little and subtle object present an exit through each woman's feminine and unique style. That is, if clothing presents an exit through the phallus, the detail marks the whole with a cut that reopens the issue of the woman with her own lack.
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Humans , Female , Femininity , Literature , Psychoanalysis , Clothing/psychologyABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of the PDCA management on safety management of venous transfusion by indwelling needles?.Method The measures included standardizing nurses manipulation,improving the management system related to venous transfusion,and regulating details management process for tube fixing and dressing and tube maintenance.Results The rates of unstandardized maintenance and obstruction of tubes after the enforcement of details management were significantly lower than those before its enforcement(P<0?05).Conclusions PDCA management is effective for standardizing nursing implementation and ensuring the safety of venous transfusion by indwelling needle?
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Aim:Surface detail reproduction and dimensional stability of Poly vinyl siloxane impression material is most important property for final success of fixed partial denture. Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the effect of retraction cord medicaments (epinephrine, aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate) on the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of polyvinyl siloxane impressions. Method and materials: Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made of standardized metal dies (American Dental Association [ADA] specification No. 19) and was treated with 1 of the 3 retraction cord medicaments. Dimensional accuracy was evaluated by comparing the average length of a line in the impressions to the standard die. Surface detail reproduction was evaluated by viewing the impressions under low-angle illumination at 10X magnification. Reproduction was considered satisfactory if 2 of 3 horizontal lines were reproduced continuously. The dies were also evaluated under the microscope before the impression was made. Results: The medicaments did not significantly affect the dimensional stability. Aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate had an adverse effect on surface detail reproduction. Epinephrine had no effect. Discussion: The changes in dimensional accuracy were within ADA guidelines, the surface detail reproduction was modified such that the impression would be considered clinically unacceptable. For optimal results, care must be taken to remove all traces of these retraction cord medicaments prior to recording of a polyvinyl siloxane impression.
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To promote the development of key discipline construction in hospitals,we described the integration of refined management into the construction of key disciplines and different aspects including personnel training,featured specialty,research,and hardware were discussed.We concluded that refined management in essential to the development of hospital,and a mechanism needs to be established to ensure the long-term effect.
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This study compared the surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of stone models obtained from molds disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate or 0.2% peracetic acid to models produced using molds which were not disinfected, with 3 alginate materials (Cavex ColorChange, Hydrogum 5 and Jeltrate Plus). The molds were prepared over matrix containing 20-, 50-, and 75-µm lines, performed under pressure with perforated metal tray. The molds were removed following gelation and either disinfected (using one of the solutions by spraying followed by storage in closed jars for 15 min) or not disinfected. The samples were divided into 12 groups (n=5). Molds were filled with dental gypsum Durone IV and 1 h after the start of the stone mixing the models were separated from the tray. Surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy were evaluated using optical microscopy on the 50-µm line with 25 mm in length, in accordance with the ISO 1563 standard. The dimensional accuracy results (%) were subjected to ANOVA. The 50 µm-line was completely reproduced by all alginate impression materials regardless of the disinfection procedure. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of dimensional accuracy in combinations between disinfectant procedure and alginate impression material (p=0.2130) or for independent factors. The disinfectant solutions and alginate materials used in this study are no factors of choice regarding the surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of stone models.
Este estudo comparou a reprodução de detalhes da superfície e alteração dimensional de modelos de gesso obtidos a partir de moldes desinfetados com hipoclorito de sódio 2%, digluconato de clorexidina 2%, ou ácido peracético 0,2% a modelos confeccionados utilizando moldes que não foram desinfetados com três alginatos (Cavex ColorChange, Hydrogum 5, Jeltrate Plus). Os moldes foram preparados sobre matriz contendo linhas de 20, 50 e 75 µm realizado sob pressão com moldeira de metal perfurada. Os moldes foram removidos após a geleificação e desinfetados (utilizando uma das soluções por pulverização, armazenados em frascos fechados durante 15 min) ou não desinfetados. Assim, as amostras foram divididas em 12 grupos (n=5). Os moldes foram preenchidos com gesso dental Durone IV e uma hora após a manipulação do gesso os modelos foram separados da moldeira. A reprodução de detalhes da superfície e a precisão dimensional foram avaliadas usando microscopia óptica na linha 50 µm com 25 mm de comprimento, de acordo com a norma ISO 1563. Os resultados de precisão dimensional (%) foram submetidos à ANOVA. A linha de 50 µm foi completamente reproduzida por todos os alginatos, independentemente do processo de desinfecção. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores médios de precisão dimensional nas combinações entre procedimento de desinfecção e alginato (p=0,2130), ou para fatores independentes. Soluções desinfetantes e alginatos utilizados neste estudo não são fatores de escolha em relação à reprodução de detalhes da superfície e alteração dimensional de modelos de gesso.
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Humans , Alginates/chemistry , Calcium Sulfate/chemistry , Models, Dental , Dental Disinfectants/chemistry , Dental Impression Materials/chemistry , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Chlorhexidine/chemistry , Colloids/chemistry , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Materials Testing , Microscopy , Organic Chemicals/chemistry , Pressure , Peracetic Acid/chemistry , Surface Properties , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: A limitation of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials is hydrophobicity, and manufacturers have added surfactants and labeled these new products as "hydrophilic." The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of two hydrophilic VPS impression materials under dry, moist, and wet conditions. Materials and Methods: Ten impressions were made under dry, moist, and wet conditions respectively, with monophase, and regular body VPS impression material using a stainless steel metal die similar to that described in American Dental Association (ADA) specification 19, with lines scribed on it. Dimensional accuracy was measured by comparing the average length of the middle horizontal line in each impression to the same line on the metal die, by using a measuring microscope. The surface detail was evaluated. A one-way analysis of variance and Student t-test were used to compare mean dimensional changes (α = 0.05). Results: Conditions (dry, moist, and wet) did not cause significant adverse effects on the dimensional accuracy of either material. The mean dimensional changes were 0.00084% (+0.00041%) for monophase and 0.00119% (+0.00033%) for regular body. Monophase material was satisfactory in detail reproduction 100% of the time in dry conditions, 90% in moist, and only 20% in wet conditions. The regular body showed 100% satisfactory impressions in dry, 80% in moist, and 10% in wet conditions. With the additional smooth surface evaluation, only under dry conditions impressions with clinically acceptable surface quality were produced. Conclusions: Dimensional changes for both materials were well within ADA standards of minimal shrinkage value of 0.5%.
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Dental Impression Materials/chemistry , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Desiccation , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Materials Testing , Microscopy , Polymerization , Polyvinyls/chemistry , Siloxanes/chemistry , Surface Properties , Temperature , Water/chemistry , WettabilityABSTRACT
Resident training is an important part of after-graduation education for medical students,and is also an important way to cultivate qualified medical talents.With 20 years management experience of resident standardized training,Xuan-Wu Hospital has found 8 aspects,including leaders'attention and implement,process management,base construction,test assessment,24-hour system,guiding teacher system,rewards and punishment system,and scientific research were related to the quality of the resident standardized training.
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Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of barium sulfate addition in two dental impression materials previously proved as radiolucent. Materials and Methods: An irreversible hydrocolloid (IH) and polyether (PE) were tested for optical density, linear dimension stability and detail reproduction. Statistical Analysis Used: The optical density data were submitted to Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and compared with two-way ANOVA and Tukey (alpha=0.05). Results: The results of optical density (pixel) were: IH control 45.24 f (±7.6), PE control 54.93 e (±4.45), PE 5Wt% 60.43 d (±6.27), IH 1Wt% 61.54 cd (±5.3), PE 1Wt% 66.9 bc (±5.05), IH 5Wt% 67.17 b (±6.01), PE 10Wt% 84.55 a (±5.14), IH 10Wt% 85.33 a (±5.53). On detail reproduction, polyether control was able to copy the 6 μm line. Adding 1 or 5Wt% of barium sulfate have not change this characteristic. For the irreversible hydrocolloid, the control group was able to copy a line with 14 μm, however, adding 1Wt% barium sulfate, the capability decreased to 22 μm. Adding barium sulfate in the polyether promoted an increase in between the copied lines, for the control, the average distance was 931.6 μm, 936 μm to 1Wt% and 954.5 μm to 5 Wt%. For the IH, the control presented 975 μm in comparison to 987.25 μm for 1 Wt% samples. Conclusion: The addition of barium sulfate was capable of increasing significantly the optical density of tested material, have changed the linear dimension stability, however, have not interfered in detail reproduction only for PE.
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Alginates , Analysis of Variance , Barium Sulfate , Contrast Media , Dental Impression Materials/chemistry , Materials Testing , Optical Phenomena , Resins, Synthetic , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Partindo da "etimologia" do Crátilo de Platão para o termo Hermenêutica, propõe-se a complexa figura de Hermes (deus encarregado das mensagens, cujo principal atributo é a circulação entre mundos) como metáfora do movimento - mercurial - que se espera de um intérprete. Na sequência, são vistas as ideias fundantes da prática analítica do Mestre da Estílística, Spitzer, que adota o "Círculo hermenêutico" (Schleiermacher), o movimento circular do conhecimento. Finalmente, são elencadas semelhanças e diferenças entre a práxis psicanalítica e a literária.
Partiendo de la "etimología" de Crátilo de Platón para el término Hermenéutica, se propone la compleja figura de Hermes, (dios encargado de los mensajes, cuyo principal atributo es la circulación entre mundos), como metáfora del movimiento, mercurial, que se espera de un intérprete. En la secuencia, son vistas las ideas que fundamentan la práctica analítica del Maestro de la Estilística, Spitzer, que adopta el "Círculo hermenéutico" (Schleiermacher), el movimiento circular del conocimiento. Por último, se presentan semejanzas y diferencias entre la praxis psicoanalítica y la literaria.
Considering the "etymology" of Plato's Cratylus for the term Hermeneutics, the complex figure of Hermes (the god in charge of messages, whose main attribute is circulating between worlds) is proposed as a metaphor for the - mercurial - movement expected from an interpreter. In sequence, founding ideas in literary analysis by master of stylistic criticism Spitzer - who adopts the "hermeneutic circle" (Schleiermacher) and the circular movement of knowledge - are acknowledged. Finally, similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic and literary praxis are enumerated.