ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In China, three bone age assessment methods have been widely used in the medical and sports fields, including the Greulich-Pyle atlas method (GP method), CHN scoring method (CHN method), and China 05 method. A large-sample empirical study is required to determine which method is more suitable for assessing bone age of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To provide a scientific evidence for appropriate bone age evaluation standards for children and adolescents in the eastern developed areas, by comparing the GGP method, CHN method and China 05 method based on samples of healthy children from Shanghai. METHODS: A total of 4 152 healthy children and adolescents (2 185 boys and 1 967 girls) from the urban area of Shanghai were selected for the study. Their digital X-ray of the left hand and wrist were collected and evaluated by the GGP method, CHN method and China 05 method. The difference between the bone age and the chronological age was used to assess the applicability of different bone age standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, and informed consent was given by all parents of the enrolled students. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the GP method, the difference between bone age and chronological age in both genders at the age of ≥ 8 years was-0.12 to-0.65 year with significant difference, except for 8-year-old girls. The significant age difference at the age of ≥ 9 years was 0.18 to 1.62 year, except for the 9-year-old age group. For the CHN method, the difference between bone age and chronological age among 6-17-year-old boys and 6-16-year-old girls was 0.42 to 1.56 years (P 0.05), and-0.60 in 18-year-old boys (P < 0.01); the age difference among 6-17-year-old girls was-0.01 to 0.56 year, and the difference was not significant in most age groups. Among the three methods, the result of China 05 method is relatively better, which is the best method that matches the current development of teenagers in Shanghai, suggesting that the China 05 method is more suitable for the eastern developed areas with economic level similar to Shanghai. All the three methods have some limitations. Considering the long-term growth trend of adolescents, it is necessary to revise the current bone age evaluation standards.
ABSTRACT
Compared with the evaluation method of the integration of formative evaluation and summation evalu-ation, development evaluation is based on the development of medical students ' medical ethics quality , takes the role of medical ethics in the cultivation of preeminent medical talents as clear goal , adjusts the enthusiasm of the teachers and students as the evaluation subjects by teacher evaluation , self -evaluation and mutual evaluation , comprehensively evaluates medical student ' s medical ethics awareness , medical ethics emotion and practice .It pays attention to the stage development and overall development of preeminent medical talents and meets the practi -cal situation of pilot class of the education training plan of outstanding doctors , the cultivation regularity of medical ethics quality and the development law of preeminent medical talents , thus to be necessary and feasible .
ABSTRACT
Compared with the evaluation method of the integration of formative evaluation and summation evalu-ation, development evaluation is based on the development of medical students ' medical ethics quality , takes the role of medical ethics in the cultivation of preeminent medical talents as clear goal , adjusts the enthusiasm of the teachers and students as the evaluation subjects by teacher evaluation , self -evaluation and mutual evaluation , comprehensively evaluates medical student ' s medical ethics awareness , medical ethics emotion and practice .It pays attention to the stage development and overall development of preeminent medical talents and meets the practi -cal situation of pilot class of the education training plan of outstanding doctors , the cultivation regularity of medical ethics quality and the development law of preeminent medical talents , thus to be necessary and feasible .
ABSTRACT
Resumen El trabajo indaga el uso médico de las técnicas de evaluación psicológica en dispensarios de lactantes de Buenos Aires en el marco de los estudios históricos de la psicología en la Argentina. Analiza el ámbito institucional para elucidar el entramado de discursos en el que cabe situar el interés por el control del desarrollo psicológico. Estudia las pruebas utilizadas, las características de la aplicación y los resultados más significativos. Explora las vicisitudes del campo profesional, a la luz de las cuales el recurso a la psicología habría sido útil para consolidar la legitimación del saber médico. Advierte una divergencia entre este uso médico de la psicología y la producción y circulación de conocimiento psicológico en los ámbitos académico y educativo.
Abstract This article explores the medical use of techniques for psychological evaluation in the dispensarios de lactantes (infant and toddler clinics) in Buenos Aires within the framework of historical studies of psychology in Argentina. It analyzes the institutional environment in order to shed light on the framework of discourses within which the interest in controlling psychological development may be situated. It studies the tests used, the characteristics of application and the most significant results. It explores the vicissitudes of the professional field, in the light of which psychology was useful for consolidating the legitimacy of medical knowledge. It points out a divergence between this medical use of psychology and the production and circulation of psychological knowledge in academic and educational environments.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , History, 20th Century , Child Development , Child Health Services/history , Psychology, Child/history , ArgentinaABSTRACT
A study on the reform of the evaluation method for college students' innovative experiment was carried out on account of the major problems existed in the present evaluation system.A set of evaluation indicators emphasizing process evaluation was constructed based on the theory of developmental evaluation.Also the performance appraisal methods for all indicators were determined.Practice suggested that the evaluation method based on developmental evaluation was able to promote the ability of scientific research and innovation of college students.