Knockoutof nipbl gene down-regulates the abilities of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic disease with multiple developmental defects, of which NIPBL is the main pathogenic gene. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of NIPBL gene on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bene marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The NIPBL+/- mice were constructed by NIPBL-Loxp and Cre mice and used as experimental group, and the wild-type NIPBL+/+ mice served as control group. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured in the two groups. Cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 assay when thecells were passed to the third generation. Osteoblastic differentiation was then compared between two groups after osteogenesis induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group on the 7th day of osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). The expression levels of osteogenic genes and proteins (Runx2 and OCN) in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). On the 21st day of osteogenic induction, results from alizarin red staining indicated there were more red calcium nodules in the control group than the experimental group under inverted microscope. These findings suggest that NIPBL gene knockout can reduce the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Study on the Occurrence of Double or Bifid Zygomaticus Major: A Muscle of Facial Expression

Background: Zygomaticus major is one of the muscles of facial expressions and is also known as musculus zygomaticus major, the greater zygomatic muscle, as well as musculus zygomaticus. There are so many variations in the insertion of this muscles and may leads to the formation of dimple in the cheek region. This particular property of this muscle is quiet interesting and became the background of this study. Materials and Methods: Present study was done among 10 cadaveric hemi faces belongs to the department of anatomy Tagore Medical College to find the occurrence of bifid zygomaticus major which is responsible for dimple formation in cheeks. Result: Among the 10 hemi faces we found only 2 faces with bifid zygomaticus major along its insertion. Conclusion: Even though bifid zygomaticus major is considered as a developmental defect, the dimple in cheek formed by it is always measured as a mark of beauty. So learning more about the muscle and its variation paved ways to produce artificial dimples in the face to beautify it.

Lumbosacral Lipoma: Gadolinium-Enhanced Fat Saturation T1 Weighted MR Image is Necessary?

PURPOSE: To evalute the usefulness of contrast-enhanced fat saturation T1-weighted imaging for the evaluationof spinal lipoma, compared with clinical symptoms and surgical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients withlipomyelomeningocele, confirmed by surgery, were included in this study. In all cases, conventional spin echoT1-and T2-weighted MR imaging, and contrast-enhanced fat saturation T1-weighted imaging was performed to evaluateclinical symptoms, the position of the conus medullaris, the prescence of cord tethering, and associatedanomalies, and to compare the relative usefulness of the techniques. RESULTS: All ten patients were sufferingfrom lipomyelomeningocele without filum terminale fibrolipoma or intradural lipoma. All cases were associated withcord tethering. As associated anomalies, there were seven cases of syringomyelia without hydrocephalus oranorectal anomaly. To evaluate the position of the spinal conus and the prescence of cord tethering, conventionalT1-weighted imaging was more useful than the contrast-enhanced fat saturation equivalent. CONCLUSION: In patientswith early-stage spinal lipona, MRI is useful for evaluation of the causes and position of cord tethering andassociated anomalies Our results suggest that contrast-enhanced fat saturation T1-weighted images do not provideadditional information concerning spinal lipoma, and that for the diagnosis of this condition, conventional T1 and T2-weighted images are more useful than those obtained by contrast-enhanced fat saturation T1-weighted imaging.

The Relationship Between Developmental Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and its BMD Value: Comparison by Single EnergyQuantitative CT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between developmental lumbar spinalstenosis and its BMD value by using the single energy quantitative CT(SEQCT). MATERIALS & METHODS: Eighty normal volunteers(20-60years) were selected as a control group and 28 patients with developmental lumbar spinal stenosis were selected as a disease group. The two groups were divided into a younger (20-39years) and an older subgroup(40-60 years), and were further divided into male and female subgroups. All the cases showed no evidence of metabolic disease, fracture, herniated nucleus pulposus, degererative spondylosis, infectious disease, tumors orhad no history of absolute immobilization of more than two weeks. All underwent lumbar spine CT and SEQCT. We measured bone mineral density(BMD) at the cancellous bone of L1, 2, 3 and obtained the mean and its one standard deviation, and compared the data between each subgroup of the control and the disease group using ANOVA. RESULTS: There was a significant low BMD value in the younger male patient subgroup compared with the control subgroup(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Developmental lumbar spinal stenosis in a young male may be a factor of decreasing BMD of the body of the spine.

Clinical Analysis of Early Operated Aneurysms in Elderly Patients

To determine the characteristics of elderly patients with aneurysm surgery, various clinical variables in 40 elderly cases aged over 60 years among a total of 88 patients with early operated aneurysms during past 2 years were compared with that in 48 younger cases aged under 60 years. Factors evaluated in this studies were aged, sex, location of aneurysm, size of aneurysm, hemorrhage type on brain CT, Fisher's subarachnoid hemorrhage, Hunt- Hess grade on admission, surgical outcome on discharge, incidence of vasospasm and general postoperative complication. 1) Almost one-half(40) of the 88 patients were aged 60 years or older(mean ; 57.7 years). 2) The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.84 but female was more predominant over the age og 60. 3) Location of aneurysm, size of aneurysm, mean blood pressure on admission, hemorrhage type on brain CT, Fisher's SAH grade and general postoperative complications were not related to age. 4) The proportion of elderly patients of Hunt-Hess grade 3-5 was significantly higher than that of younger patients(p<0.05). 5) The surgical outcome was significantly poorer in elderly group(p<0.05). 6) The incidence of symptomatic vasospasm was significantly higher in the elderly group(p<0.05). 7) The surgical outcome was no significantly differance of same Hunt-Hess grade between elderly group and younger group. These results suggest that the high incidence of older patients is more consistent with a degenerative etiology than a development defect and among elderly patients poor outcome following early surgery is attributable to high incidence of poor preoperative neurological status and vasospasm.