ABSTRACT
El desarrollo neurológico constituye un objetivo prioritario en Ecuador. Existen Centros de Desarrollo Infantil que persiguen lograr un adecuado desarrollo neurológico en la edad infantil. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar el estado de los Centros de Desarrollo Infantil de la provincia Chimborazo, teniendo en cuenta la organización administrativa, situación del talento humano, infraestructura y equipamiento. Para esto se realizó una investigación básica, de campo y descriptiva consistente en la evaluación de estos elementos en cada centro visitado. Del total de 93 instituciones en la provincia, se identificaron 6 que se consideraron emblemáticos. Como principales resultados se puede señalar que las instituciones cuentan con una adecuada infraestructura, equipamiento y gestión administrativa y del talento humano para cumplir sus funciones; sin embargo, se carece de áreas específicas de fisioterapia y de profesionales de esta especialidad. Se concluye que, dentro del marco del convenio macro de cooperación interinstitucional, la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo podrá proveer el recurso humano calificado para las actividades de fisioterapia orientadas a la estimulación del equilibrio, la coordinación y el área sensomotriz; de esta forma se estará consolidando el desarrollo neurológico de los niños que asisten a los Centros de Desarrollo Infantil(AU)
Neurological development is a priority objective in Ecuador. There are Child Development Centers that seek to achieve adequate neurological development in childhood. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the state of the Child Development Centers of the Chimborazo province, taking into account the administrative organization, the situation of human talent, infrastructure and equipment. For this, a basic, field and descriptive investigation was carried out consisting of the evaluation of the elements previously described in each center visited. Of the total of 93 institutions in the province, 6 were identified as emblematic. As main results, it can be pointed out that the institutions have adequate infrastructure, equipment and administrative management and human talent to fulfill their functions; however, specific areas of physiotherapy and professionals in this specialty are lacking. It is concluded that, within the framework of the inter-institutional cooperation macro agreement, the National University of Chimborazo will be able to provide qualified human resources for physiotherapy activities aimed at stimulating balance, coordination and the sensorimotor area; In this way, the neurological development of the children who attend the Child Development Centers will be consolidated(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Schools, Nursery , Child Development/physiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , EcuadorABSTRACT
Introducción: El desarrollo psicomotor comprende la apropiación de diferentes etapas del desarrollo que se logra acorde con la maduración del sistema nervioso y la influencia del entorno en el perfeccionamiento de las diferentes habilidades. Objetivo: Identificar las propiedades métricas de las escalas de evaluación validadas en Hispanoamérica para la medición de desarrollo psicomotor en niños hasta los 18 años de edad. Métodos: Revisión exploratoria a partir de un proceso de búsquedas en las bases de datos: PEDRO, Science Direct, LILACS, EBSCO y Google Scholar. La búsqueda se limitó a estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2019, no se plantearon otros límites. Se aplicaron filtros de forma independiente por título, abstract, texto completo y análisis crítico de la literatura. Se incluyeron 25 artículos cuyos resultados se analizan desde las correspondientes escalas que evalúan el desarrollo psicomotor. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Las escalas validadas en Hispanoamérica se presentan en dos subgrupos de edad: de 0 a 7 años, que en su mayoría miden aspectos del desarrollo psicomotor a partir de la exploración autónoma y el desarrollo de tareas acordes a la edad y subgrupo de 7 a 18 años, que hace énfasis en el perfeccionamiento de habilidades físicas. Las escalas presentan calificación dentro de límites positivos. Conclusiones: Se presentan escalas validadas que comprenden elementos del desarrollo psicomotor por periodos de vida, con énfasis en la evaluación de aspectos del desarrollo inicial y posteriormente en el perfeccionamiento de habilidades(AU)
Introduction: Psychomotor development includes the appropriation of different stages of development that is achieved according to the maturation of the nervous system and the influence of the environment in the improvement of different skills. Objective: To identify the metric properties of the evaluation scales validated in Latin America for the measurement of psychomotor development in children up to 18 years of age. Methods: Exploratory review based on a search process in the databases: PEDRO, Science Direct, LILACS, EBSCO and Google Scholar. The search was limited to studies published between 2000 and 2019, no other limits were raised. Filters were applied independently by title, abstract, full text and critical analysis of the literature. There were included 25 articles whose results are analyzed from the corresponding scales that evaluate psychomotor development. Analysis and synthesis of information: The scales validated in Latin America are presented in two age subgroups: from 0 to 7 years, which mostly measure aspects of psychomotor development from autonomous exploration and the development of tasks according to age; and the subgroup from 7 to 18 years, which emphasizes the improvement of physical skills. The scales are rated within positive limits. Conclusions: Validated scales are presented that include elements of psychomotor development by life periods, with emphasis on the evaluation of aspects of initial development and later on the improvement of skills(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Psychomotor Performance , Child Development , Motor Skills , Hispanic or LatinoABSTRACT
Background: The hand is the most active and important part of the upper extremity with complex functional biomechanics and anatomy. The decline in hand grip strength and dexterity with age can adversely affect functional activities. Task?oriented training (TOT) is a treatment approach focused on functional activities of daily life. Aim: To investigate the effect of TOT on hand dexterity, grip strength, and hand function in the geriatric population. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen institutionalized geriatric participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assigned to Group A experimental group (nine participants) who received TOT for 4 weeks, 3 days/week along with routine activities and Group B control group (seven participants) who were involved in routine activities only. Gross dexterity was assessed using the box and block test, fine dexterity with nine?hole peg board, hand grip strength with hand dynamometer, and hand function with the Michigan hand outcome questionnaire. The statistical analysis with Student’s t?test was performed using the SPSS software. The significance level kept as P ? 0.05. Results: The analysis expressed significant improvement in gross and fine hand dexterity and grip strength among the experimental group. The hand function did not reveal a statistically significant change. Conclusion: A 4?week TOT program is an effective measure to improve gross and fine dexterity, and muscle grip strength in the geriatric population. For improvement in hand function, a longer training may be required
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@#Proficient hand dexterity (HD) may help students with learning disabilities (LDs) perform various hand tasks efficiently. Video modelling (VM) is a strategy that uses a model to improve desired skills. However, the limited study focuses on VM to improve HD among students with LDs. Therefore, this study explores VM implementation in the learning and teaching process to improve the HD of students with LDs. Five Special Education (SE) teachers who taught the Hand Manipulative Component lessons in two different states were purposefully selected and invited to participate in this study. A one-toone interview was conducted with individual SE teachers. The interview sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data was analysed through thematic analysis. Rigorous approaches were performed to ensure the findings' trustworthiness, such as triangulation, member checking, and an audit trail. Four key themes emerged: conventional learning and teaching methods, challenges faced by students with LDs in improving HD, and the advantages of implementing VM in learning and teaching to improve HD and develop a video module. This study suggests SE teachers can implement VM in their learning and teaching processes to improve the HD performance of students with LDs. This current study concludes that VM can be a supportive strategy in the teaching process to improve HD performance among students with LDs.
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Background Wearing anti-vibration gloves is a simple and effective way to prevent hand-arm vibration disease. The requirements for vibration damping gloves are varied by types of operations exposed to vibration. Objective To study the vibration attenuation and dexterity of different types of protective gloves, and to provide reference for scientific wearing of vibration damping gloves for people working with vibration exposure. Methods Nine kinds of common protective gloves (A and B were dipping gloves; C, D, and E were rubber gloves; F and G were textile and fabric gloves; H was cotton gloves; I was leather gloves) used by workers exposed to vibration in 28 factories in Guangdong Province were selected as research objects by typical case sampling method, and the basic parameters of included protective gloves were investigated and measured. According to ISO 10819:2013, a glove vibration transmissibility (GVT) test system was used to detect the vibration transmissibility values and analyze vibration attenuation characteristics of the subjects wearing different protective gloves. The dexterity was tested by Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlations among glove thickness, vibration transmissibility, dexterity score, and grip strength score. Results For rubber gloves (C, D, and E), the associated average adjusted vibration transmissibility at middle and low frequencies \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and average adjusted vibration transmissibility at high frequency \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} were lower than those of other gloves (0.89-0.91 and 0.59-0.80 respectively), the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was 0.81-0.97, and the vibration transmissibility values of 315-1250 Hz frequency band decreased with the increase of frequency (the minimum value was 0.13). For other types of gloves (A, B, F, G, H, and I), the \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} were 0.95-0.98 and 1.03-1.11 respectively, the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was 0.96-1.02, and the vibration transmissibility values of 400-1250 Hz frequency band increased (the maximum value was 1.29). The \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document}, and vibration transmissibility values of 40-1250 Hz frequency band of rubber gloves with double-layer protective materials (C, D, and E) were significantly lower than those of gloves with single-layer protective materials. But the \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} of gloves of other types with double-layer materials (F, H, and I) were still greater than 0.9 and 1.0 respectively. Compared with single-layer protective materials, the gloves of other types with double-layer materials showed no significant changes in the vibration transmissibility values of 25-200 frequency band (0.91-1.06), and an increase in the vibration transmissibility values of 250-630 Hz frequency band (the maximum value was 1.22). The dexterity scores and grip strength scores of dipping gloves (A and B) were the lowest. Rubber gloves C had the highest dexterity score and grip strength score. The thickness of protective gloves was negatively correlated with the vibration transmissibility values, and positively correlated with the dexterity score and the grip strength score (P < 0.05). The vibration transmissibility value was negatively correlated with the dexterity score and the grip strength score (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among the 9 kinds of gloves, cotton gloves and leather gloves have no damping effect. Rubber gloves have certain vibration reduction effect, and the vibration reduction effect on high frequency band is better than that on low frequency band. The thicker the damping material is, the better the damping effect is, but the less the dexterity is. Appropriate damping gloves should be selected according to actual vibration operations.
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Objective:To explore the application of the Simodont dental trainer in preclinical manual dexterity training for dental students of different grades, and to discuss its effect by quantitatively evaluating their practice results.Methods:The evaluation was conducted among 118 students in the Department of Stomatology, Shantou University Medical College from Batch 2015 to Batch 2018. Each student had five different manual dexterity modules for training. Each module had three levels of difficulty and was required to be completed in 30 minutes. The assessment index included Target, Leeway Bottom and Sides, Container Bottom and Sides, which was provided by the Simodont dental trainer. The operating time (in seconds), the displacement of the dental hand pieces and the dental mirrors (in meters) were simultaneously recorded. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:For the index Target, Leeway Bottom and Sides, Container Bottom and Sides, the results showed that there was a statistical difference between students who passed pre-clinical training and who did not take the professional course ( P < 0.001). For the index Target, differences were showed among students from different grades in all modules ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The circle module, channel module, hollow-circle module and cross-module in the Simodont dental trainer have sensitivity to discriminate the manual dexterity of different levels of dental students. The further assessment of the discrimination of the manual dexterity is required for assume-block module. The Simodont dental trainer can quantitatively measure the manual dexterity of dental students, which is important for the quantitative evaluation of dental preclinical education.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar 10 dicas rápidas que tem como alvo o auxílio no desenvolvimento de confiança, de melhora da habilidade manual e de planejamento cirúrgico na rotina diária de treinamento do jovem cirurgião plástico; habilidades capazes de promover redução do tempo cirúrgico global, sem comprometer a meticulosidade dos movimentos realizados.
The purpose of this article is to show 10 quick tips that aim to aid in the development of confidence, improvement of manual skill, and surgical planning in the daily training routine of the young plastic surgeon; skills capable of reducing overall surgical time without compromising the meticulousness of the movements performed.
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Introduction:TheorganismSphingomonaspaucimobilisformerlyknownasPseudomonaspaucimobilisisastrictaerobe,motile,non-sporeforming,non-fermentative,Gram-negativebacillus,characterizedbycatalaseandoxidaseactivities.Itisanopportunisticpathogenthatcausesinfectioninhealthyandimmunocompromisedindividuals.Sphingomonaspaucimobilisisubiquitousandhasbeenisolatedfromdiversesourcesincludingthehospitalenvironment.
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Background:This study was to measure the upper extremity performance time on Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) in two different sitting orientations relative to vertical plane. Aim:To find out the influence of sitting orientation on upper extremity motor function using NHPT. Methods:100 children with the mean age 11year (53 male, 47 female) partici-pated in the study. Children were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age groups were re-established for data representation purposes as: 5-7, 8-10, 11-13, 14-16. Each one was briefly interviewed prior to the test, procedure explained and statistical analysis was done for the final results. Results: Gender wise relation revealed non-significant difference in performance time on NHPT in 900 upright and 150 anterior sitting orientation. Performance time on NHPT with dominant and non-dominant hand in 900 upright & 150anterior sitting orientation shows significant difference. The mean performance time with dominant hand on NHPT was slightly lesser in 150anterior sitting orientation than 900upright orientations. According to age wise distribution the performance time on NHPT reveals that as the age increases the performance time decreases from 5-11 year. The performance time be-comes constant from 11-16 years of age. Conclusion:Result of this study suggest that trunk orientation does not affect upper extremity performance on NHPT. As it implies that 150anterior trunk orientation is equivalent to upright sitting orientation. Hence both the trunk orientation can be used to train patients for upper extremity hand function.
ABSTRACT
@#Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have impairments in gross and fine motor skills consequently limit their participation in school activities. The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate motor coordination performance of children with DCD in manual dexterity, hand-eye coordination and balance skills, and secondly, to compare the motor coordination performance between children with DCD and age-matched children without DCD. A total of 47 children with DCD (32 boys, 15 girls) and 16 children without DCD (15 boys, 1 girl) aged between 7 to 10 years old participated in this study. They were recruited from integrative special education classes from six selected primary schools within Klang Valley. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) evaluated their motor coordination performance. Group differences on the MABC-2 subtest scores and total test score were analysed using independent t-test. Cohen’s d was calculated to obtain the effect size of clinical differences. Children with DCD showed significantly lower score in manual dexterity (p=0.001), aiming and catching (p=0.001), balance test (p=0.001) and total test score (p=0.001) compared to the children without DCD. Effect sizes on manual dexterity (d=0.52), balance (d=0.68), and total test score (d=0.73) indicated moderate clinical differences between the two groups. In conclusion, children with DCD showed deficits in both gross and fine motor skills performance based on the MABC-2 subtests and total test score, in comparison with children without DCD. School-based rehabilitation to improve gross and fine motor problems among the children is warranted.
Subject(s)
Motor Skills Disorders , Postural BalanceABSTRACT
Abstract Intermanual Transfer of Learning (IMTL) is the ability to learn a certain skill in an easier way with one hand after that skill has been learnt by the opposite hand(1). This research aimed to investigate IMTL in a Fine Manual Dexterity (FMD) task in subjects presenting different Hand Preference (HP). The sample comprised 882 right and left-handers, both genders, aged 6 to 95 years old. The Dutch Handedness Questionnaire(2) was used to assess HP and the Purdue Pegboard Test(3) evaluated FMD. Direction and intensity of HP, Direction of Transfer (DT), gender, age and nationality were analyzed. IMTL changed according to DT and age, tending to be asymmetric, holding high values in the direction of Non-Preferred Hand (NPH) to Preferred Hand (PH). Children had got a higher IMTL rather than youngsters, adults and old adults with significant differences in adults.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Functional Laterality , Hand , Motor Activity , Motor Skills , Psychomotor PerformanceABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Little is known about the impact of environmental factors and daily tasks for the infant development which the adolescent mother is exposed. Therefore the present study was to identify associations and predictors of motor and cognitive development of infants of adolescent and adult mothers. Participated 40 babies aged between 0 and 18 months, 20 babies in each group - adolescent and adult mothers. Alberta Motor Infant Scale, Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development, Knowledge of Infant Development and Daily Activities of Infant was used for assessments. A strong association between motor skills and cognition (r² = 0.88) in both groups was observed. The predictors of motor development in the adolescent mother group were paternal age, home space, the mother does not work outside the home, parents' educational level, number of toys and adults in the household, parenting practices and knowledge of parents The predictors of cognitive development were parents living together, the amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. In the adult mother group, the predictors of motor development were the cognitive development, caesarean birth, parents living together, amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. As predictors of cognitive development, remained in the regression model the motor development, number of days in the ICU, number of rooms in the residence and parental practice. Conclusions: The interdependence between cognition and motor skills, family and residence characteristics, and parenting practices were the main determinants of infant trajectory.
RESUMO Pouco se sabe sobre a repercussão para o desenvolvimento do bebê dos fatores ambientais e das tarefas cotidianas as quais a mãe adolescente está exposta. Por isso o presente estudo propôs identificar as associações e os preditores do desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês filhos de mães adolescentes e adultas. Foram avaliados 40 bebês com idade entre 0 e 18 meses, tendo 20 bebês em cada grupo - mães adolescentes e adultas. As avaliações foram através da Alberta Motor Infant Scale e Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Affordances in the Home Enviroment for Motor Development, Knowledge of Infant Development e Daily Activities of Infant. Observou-se forte associação entre motricidade e cognição (r²=0,88) em ambos os grupos estudados. Entre os bebês de mães adolescentes, a idade paterna, espaço domiciliar, a mãe não trabalhar fora de casa, escolaridade dos pais, quantidade de brinquedos e adultos na residência, as práticas parentais e o conhecimento dos pais se mostraram preditores do desenvolvimento motor. Para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, mostraram-se preditores o fato dos pais morarem juntos, a quantidade de quartos na residência e as práticas parentais. No grupo de bebês de mães adultas, o desenvolvimento cognitivo, parto cesariano, os pais morarem juntos, quantidade de quartos na residência, e as práticas parentais foram preditores do desenvolvimento motor. Já como preditores do desenvolvimento cognitivo, permaneceram no modelo de regressão o desenvolvimento motor, quantidade de dias na UTI, número de quartos na residência e prática parentais. A interdependência entre cognição e motricidade, as características da família e da residência, e as práticas parentais foram os principais determinantes da trajetória do infante.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Cognition , Growth and Development , Sensorimotor Cortex , Motor SkillsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on the primary motor cortex (M1) in the manual performance asymmetries in a manual dexterity tasks. The sample consisted of 28 volunteers, right-handed, men and without neurological impairment. The task (Grooved Pegboard) consisted of inserting 25 pins in 25 receptacles, as soon as possible. The task was executed in the pretest with both hands to define the level of manual asymmetry. tDCS or Sham were applied a week after the pretest, then the subjects were evaluated in the post-test. The results revealed that the effects of tDCS in M1 did not reduce asymmetries in a manual dexterity task. However, only the tDCS group improved the performance from pretest to the posttest (p <0.05) in both hands. Stimulation of the right M1 may have generated benefits in the contralateral M1.
RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) sobre o córtex motor primário (M1) nas assimetrias de desempenho manual em uma tarefa de destreza manual. A amostra foi composta por 28 voluntários, destros, do sexo masculino e sem comprometimento neurológico. A tarefa (Grooved Pegboard) consistiu em encaixar 25 pinos em 25 receptáculos, o mais rápido possível. A tarefa foi executada no pré-teste com ambas as mãos para definição do nível de assimetria manual. Uma semana após o pré-teste foi aplicado a ETCC ou placebo, em seguida os sujeitos foram avaliados no pós-teste. Os resultados revelaram que os efeitos da ETCC no M1 não foram capazes de diminuir as assimetrias manuais em uma tarefa de destreza manual em sujeitos destros. Entretanto, somente o grupo ETCC melhorou o desempenho do pré-teste para o pós-teste (p<0,05) em ambas as mãos. A estimulação do M1 direito pode ter gerado benefícios no M1 contralateral.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation , Functional Laterality , Motor SkillsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To assess the impact of extrinsic factors on fine motor performance of children aged 2-years old. Methods: 73 children attending public and 21 private day care centers were assessed. Day care environment was evaluated using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ITERS-R), fine motor performance was assessed through the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSITD-III), socioeconomic data, maternal education and time of start at the day care were collected through interviews. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association between the studied variables. Results: The time at the day care was positively correlated with the children's performance in some fine motor tasks of the BSITD-III, showing that the activities developed in day care centers were important for the refinement of specific motor skills, while the overall fine motor performance by the scale was associated with maternal education and the ITERS-R scale sub-item “language and understanding”. Conclusions: Extrinsic factors such as higher maternal education and quality of day care centers are associated with fine motor performance in children attending day care.
Resumo Objetivo: Verificar as repercussões de fatores extrínsecos no desempenho motor fino de crianças de dois anos. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 73 crianças de creches públicas e 21 de creches particulares. O ambiente da creche foi avaliado com a escala Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised Edition (ITERS-R), o desempenho motor fino pela escala Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - III (BSITD-III), dados socioeconômicos, escolaridade materna e tempo de ingresso na creche foram colhidos por meio de entrevista. Foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação pelo teste de Spearmann para verificar a relação entre as variáveis avaliadas. Resultados: O tempo de creche apresentou correlação positiva com o desempenho das crianças em algumas tarefas de motricidade fina da BSITD-III, demonstrou que as atividades desenvolvidas nas creches foram importantes para o refinamento de habilidades motoras específicas, enquanto o desempenho motor fino geral pela escala estava relacionado com a escolaridade materna e com o subitem da escala ITERS-R “Linguagem e compreensão”. Conclusões: Fatores extrínsecos como maior escolaridade materna e qualidade de creches estão relacionados com o desempenho motor fino de crianças frequentadoras de creches.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Development , Motor Skills , Child Day Care CentersABSTRACT
Objective: Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD). Although the cognitive profile of these patients and its association with activities of daily living (ADLs) is well documented, few studies have assessed deficits in fine motor dexterity and their association with ADL performance. The objective of this research paper is to evaluate fine motor dexterity performance among MCI and AD patients and to investigate its association with different aspects of ADLs. Methods: We assessed normal aging controls, patients with multiple- and single-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI), and patients with mild AD. Fine motor dexterity was measured with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and cognitive functioning by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. We analyzed the data using general linear models. Results: Patients with AD or multiple-domain aMCI had slower motor responses when compared to controls. AD patients were slower than those with single-domain aMCI. We found associations between cognition and instrumental ADLs, and between fine motor dexterity and self-care ADLs. Conclusion: We observed progressive slowing of fine motor dexterity along the normal aging-MCI-AD spectrum, which was associated with autonomy in self-care ADLs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Self Care/psychology , Aging/physiology , Aging/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Linear Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Essential tremor (ET) was long believed to be a monosymptomatic disorder. However, studies have evidenced structural changes and attention is now being focused on non-motor symptoms. The objective of the study is to describe and compare ET patients with control groups according to their cognitive functions, and secondarily, to compare their sociodemographic characteristics and other clinical features. All participants were assessed using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale for the severity of tremor; a neuropsychological assessment battery and a screening questionnaire for mood and anxiety symptoms. There were no significant age and gender differences between all groups. As for neuropsychological assessment results, a significant difference was found only in the Pegboard test. We also found a significant negative correlation between a poorer cognitive test results and disease severity and a significant differences regarding depression or anxiety symptoms in patients with ET. The study results suggest that patients with ET have impaired manual dexterity and attention.
RESUMO O tremor essencial (TE) era considerado como um transtorno monossintomático. Contudo estudos tem demonstrado alterações anatômicas despertando o interesse para sintomas não-motores.O objetivo do estudo é descrever e comparar pacientes com grupos controles segundo suas funções cognitivas, e secundariamente, comparar suas características demográficas e outros sintomas clínicos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à escala de Fahn, Tolosa e Marin para avaliação da intensidade do tremor, a uma bateria neuropsicológica e a um questionário para detecção de transtorno de humor e ansiedade. Não houve diferença significativa na idade e gênero entre todos os grupos. Quanto ao resultado da avaliação neuropsicológica, foi encontrado uma diferença significativa apenas no Test Pegboard. Nós também encontramos uma correlação negativa no desempenho dos testes cognitivos e intensidade do tremor, presença de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que pacientes com TE apresentem alteração na destreza manual e na atenção.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Anxiety/etiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Essential Tremor/complications , Depression/etiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Essential Tremor/psychology , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Objective: The key factor for potency of the teeth is their muscular strength. The dominant hand plays an important role in most of the daily muscular activities involving dental procedure. There are many factors, which may affect the grip strength, and very few studies especially in India have shown their correlation with grip strength. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are an important occupational health problem affecting dental practitioners. This study assessed the prevalence of WRMSD in dental interns in relation to the thumb length and hand grip strength. Material and Methods: Thumb length template, jammer dynamometer, nine-hole peg board, and RULA assessment. Methods: Thumb length was measured by thumb length template. Grip strength was measured by jammer dynamometer, unilateral hand finger dexterity was measured by ninehole pegboard, and work related musculoskeletal disorder was assessed by RULA. Results: Thumb length was positively correlated with grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder. Thumb length was negatively correlated with unilateral hand finger dexterity among dental professionals. Conclusion: Thumb length is a better predictor for measuring hand grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder, than unilateral hand finger dexterity.
Objetivo: O fator chave para a potência do dentes é a força muscular dos mesmos. A mão dominante tem um papel importante nas atividades musculares diárias envolvendo procedimentos odontológicos. Há vários fatores que influenciam a força de preensão e poucos estudos, especialmente na Índia, mostra as correlações com a força de preensão. Desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas a trabalho (DMRT) são um importante problema ocupacional de saúde entre profissionais da Odontologia. Este trabalho verificou a prevalência de DMRTs em residentes de Odontologia e sua relação com o comprimento do polegar e a força de preensão manual. Material e Métodos: Materiais utilizados foram o gabarito de comprimento do polegar, um dinamômetro Jamar, um tabuleiro de 9 perfurações e o instrumento RULA. Métodos: O comprimento polegar foi medido pelo gabarito; a força de preensão foi medida no dinamômetro Jamer; a destreza manual unilateral foi verificada utilizando-se o tabuleiro perfurado e as desordens musculoesqueléticas associadas ao trabalhos foram determinadas pelo instrumento RULA. Resultados: O comprimento polegar apresentou correlação positiva com a força de preensão e com a presença de desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas ao trabalho. O comprimento polegar foi negativamente correlacionado com a destreza manual unilateral entre os profissionais da Odontologia. Conclusão: O comprimento polegar é melhor preditor para a força de preensão manual e presença de desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionas ao trabalho, do que a destreza manual unilateral.
Subject(s)
Compressive Strength , Dentists , Health Personnel , Musculoskeletal PainABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: caracterizar el desempeño motor grueso y fino y el estado nutricional en niños de cero a tres años de un Centro de Recuperación Nutricional (CRN) de Tunja. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en niños menores de 36 meses, hospitalizados en el CRN en el período comprendido entre enero y junio de 2011, se realizó la revisión de 46 historias clínicas y de los datos antropométricos del programa ANTHRO, sumado a la aplicación de la Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo (EAD). RESULTADOS : se evidenció asociación significativa entre motricidad gruesa, fina y la desnutrición aguda (p>0,05).Con los demás grados de desnutrición no se encontró relación (p>0,05). DISCUSION:el niño con desnutrición aguda tiene un desarrollo medio de la motricidad fina, los estados de desnutrición aguda son menos influyentes para el estado de desarrollo alerta en la motricidad fina que en la motricidad gruesa, sin embargo, es interesante el hallazgo concerniente al estado de desarrollo medio en las variables motricidad gruesa y fina donde el comportamiento es similar en torno al estado de desnutrición aguda con elevados porcentajes de compromiso.
OBJECTIVE:to characterize the gross and fine motor performance and nutritional status of children from nutritional rehabilitation center (nrc) of Tunja aged 0-3 years. METHODOLOGY: an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on children under 36 months who were hospitalized at the nrc between January and June 2011. A total of 46 medical records were reviewed. Likewise, the anthropometric data of the anthro program were analyzed, and the Abbreviated Development Scale (ade) was applied. RESULTS:a significant association was observed between motor dexterity (both gross and fine) and acute malnutrition (p 0.05). No association was found with other grades of malnutrition (p 0.05). DISCUSSION:children with acute malnutrition have a medium development of fine motor skills. Acute malnutrition states have less influence on the development of the alert status in fine motor dexterity than in that of gross motor dexterity. Despite this, the finding concerning the medium state of development for gross and fine motor dexterity is interesting because the behavior is similar for the state of acute malnutrition with high rates of damage.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: Na idade escolar a escrita é uma das tarefas mais relevantes dentre as atividades motoras finas. Bom desempenho na escrita contribui para o rendimento escolar da criança. A prematuridade tem impacto no desenvolvimento motor, o que pode influenciar a escrita. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura e investigar se na idade escolar existem diferenças no desempenho na escrita entre crianças nascidas pretermo e a termo. Método: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas do Portal da Capes, nos idiomas inglês e português, no período de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2012. Os artigos foram selecionados de acordo com critérios de inclusão e analisados quanto à amostra, objetivos, testes utilizados e desfechos. Resultados: Seis artigos foram incluídos no estudo. Análise dos dados indica que crianças nascidas prematuramente apresentam pior desempenho da escrita e prejuízo nos mecanismos subjacentes responsáveis pela habilidade de escrever quando comparadas com crianças a termo. Conclusão: Crianças pretermo e sem alterações neurológicas evidentes têm risco aumentado para prejuízo no desenvolvimento da escrita na idade escolar. O número reduzido de estudos recentes encontrados sobre este tema indica a necessidade de novas pesquisas, além do desenvolvimento de recursos padronizados para avaliação motora e da escrita em crianças brasileiras
Introduction: At school age, handwriting is on of the most important tasks among the fine motor activities. Good handwriting performance contributes to the child´s school performance. As prematurity impacts on motor development, it may influence handwriting. Objective: To review the specific literature and investigate whether there are differences in handwriting performance at school age between children born preterm and full term. Method: A search was performed in the Capes electronic database, in English and Portuguese, comprising the time period between January 2000 and June 2012. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria; the sample, objectives, instruments utilized and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Six articles were included in the study. Data analysis indicates that children born prematurely present poorer handwriting performance and a handicap in the underlying handwriting mechanisms when compared with full term infants. Conclusion: Preterm children without obvious neurological impairment are at increased risk for problems in handwriting development at school age. The small number of recent studies on this topic indicates a need for further research, as well as the development of standardized resources for the motor and handwriting assessment of Brazilian children.