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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(10): 953-961, Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423255

ABSTRACT

Abstract Studies have consistently shown a significant increase in the risk of congenital heart defects in the offspring of diabetic mothers compared with those of nondiabetic pregnancies. Evidence points that all types of pregestational diabetes have the capacity of generating cardiac malformations in a more accentuated manner than in gestational diabetes, and there seems to be an increased risk for all congenital heart defects phenotypes in the presence of maternal diabetes. Currently, the application of some therapies is under study in an attempt to reduce the risks inherent to diabetic pregnancies; however, it has not yet been possible to fully prove their effectiveness. The present review aims to better understand the mechanisms that govern the association between pregestational diabetes and congenital heart defects and how maternal diabetes interferes with fetal cardiac development, as there is still a long way to go in the investigation of this complex process.


Resumo Estudos têm demonstrado consistentemente um aumento significativo no risco de defeitos cardíacos congênitos em filhos de mães diabéticas em comparação com os de gestações não diabéticas. Evidências apontam que todos os tipos de diabetes pré-gestacional têm capacidade de gerar malformações cardíacas mais acentuadas do que no diabetes gestacional e parece haver um risco aumentado para todos os fenótipos de cardiopatias congênitas na presença de diabetes materno. Atualmente, está em estudo a aplicação de algumas terapias na tentativa de diminuir os riscos inerentes à gravidez diabética; no entanto, ainda não foi possível comprovar totalmente a sua eficácia. A presente revisão visa compreender melhor os mecanismos que regem a associação entre diabetes pré-gestacional e cardiopatias congênitas e como o diabetes materno interfere no desenvolvimento cardíaco fetal, pois ainda há um longo caminho a percorrer na investigação deste processo complexo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational , Heart Defects, Congenital , Hyperglycemia
2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(4)ago. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441918

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Pregestational diabetes constitutes a reproductive risk which requires new treatment strategies. NeuroEPO, a variant of the recombinant human erythropoietin produced in Cuba, has neuroprotective and hypoglycemic effects which can be considered for the treatment of this entity. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of NeuroEPO on the reproduction of diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Four groups of adult female Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were used. During pregnancy, one group received the vehicle and the rest of the groups received different doses of NeuroEPO (0,5 mg/kg, 0,75 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg) subcutaneously, on alternate days, for a total of six applications. A group of non-diabetic rats was used as a control group. Glycemia and reproductive variables were evaluated. For comparisons, Analysis of Variance and Fisher's Exact Test were used. There were significant differences with p-values less than 0,05. Results: The group with vehicle presented maintained hyperglycemia, fewer implantations, and embryos, and increased gestational losses. In the group receiving 0,5 mg/kg of NeuroEPO, glycemia decreased significantly and the results of the reproductive variables were similar to the group of non-diabetic rats. With higher doses of NeuroEPO, gestational losses were increased. No congenital malformations were identified in either group. Conclusions: The repeated administration of 0,5 mg/kg of NeuroEPO has a beneficial effect on the reproduction of diabetic rats, which may be associated with the reduction of hyperglycemia. Other cytoprotective mechanisms of NeuroEPO should be evaluated in future studies(AU)


Introducción: la diabetes pre-gestacional constituye un riesgo reproductivo, lo que requiere nuevas estrategias de tratamiento. Teniendo en cuenta que la NeuroEPO, una variante de la eritropoyetina recombinante humana producida en Cuba, tiene efectos neuroprotectores e hipoglicemiantes. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto protector de la NeuroEPO en la reproducción de ratas diabéticas. Material y Métodos: se utilizaron cuatro grupos de ratas Wistar hembras adultas, con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Durante la gestación, un grupo recibió el vehículo y el resto diferentes dosis de NeuroEPO (0,5 mg/kg, 0,75 mg/kg y 1 mg/kg), por vía subcutánea, en días alternos, para un total de seis aplicaciones. Se empleó un grupo de ratas no-diabéticas como control. Se evaluó la glicemia y variables reproductivas. Para las comparaciones se empleó el Análisis de Varianza y la Prueba Exacta de Fisher. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas con valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados: el grupo con vehículo presentó hiperglicemia mantenida, menor número de implantaciones y embriones, e incremento de las pérdidas gestacionales. En el grupo que recibió 0,5 mg/kg de NeuroEPO, la glicemia disminuyó de forma significativa y los resultados de las variables reproductivas fueron similares al grupo de ratas no-diabéticas. Con las dosis superiores de NeuroEPO se incrementaron las pérdidas gestacionales. No se identificaron malformaciones congénitas en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones: la administración reiterada de 0,5 mg/kg de NeuroEPO tiene efecto beneficioso en la reproducción de ratas diabéticas, que puede estar asociado a la reducción de la hiperglicemia. Otros mecanismos citoprotectores de la NeuroEPO deben ser evaluados en futuros estudios(AU)


Subject(s)
Rats , Erythropoietin/administration & dosage
3.
Femina ; 47(5): 307-316, 31 maio 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046522

ABSTRACT

Atualmente o número de pessoas afetadas pelo diabetes mellitus (DM) está aumentando, principalmente devido ao aumento do envelhecimento populacional e de comorbidades como obesidade e hipertensão. Para o ano de 2030, é estimado que o DM seja a sétima doença mais prevalente e a sétima causa de morte no mundo. O DM pré-gestacional (DMPG) e o DM gestacional (DMG) podem causar danos ao desenvolvimento fetal e à saúde materna. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência do DMPG e do DMG sobre o surgimento de complicações durante a gestação e no desenvolvimento de malformações congênitas (MCs). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de literatura no banco de dados do PubMed. Foram analisados estudos em humanos e animais, publicados entre janeiro de 2012 e junho de 2017. Foram encontradas 131 publicações, das quais 73 foram utilizadas. Os estudos analisados demonstraram que o DMPG e o DMG estão associados a um aumento das complicações gestacionais e ao risco de desenvolver MCs. O DMPG e o DMG estão associados a um aumento no risco de desenvolver MCs nos sistemas cardiovascular, nervoso, genital, esquelético e urinário. As malformações cardíacas são as mais relatadas; dentre as quais, destacam-se os defeitos septais. Esta revisão conclui que o DM na gravidez deve ser prevenido principalmente na fase de organogênese, por meio do controle de peso e do sedentarismo materno, com o diagnóstico precoce das alterações hiperglicêmicas, tendo o intuito de evitar uma epidemia de morbimortalidade em gerações afetadas pelo diabetes no período gestacional. (AU)


Currently the number of people affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing, mainly due to the increase of the aging population and of comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension. By the year 2030 it is estimated that DM is the seventh most prevalent disease and the seventh cause of death in the world. Pre-gestational DM (PGDM) and gestational DM (GDM) can cause damage to fetal development and maternal health. Objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of PGDM and GDM on the development of complications during pregnancy and the development of congenital malformations (MCs). A literature search was made on the PUBMED database. We analyzed human and animal studies, published between January 2012 and June 2017. We found 131 publications, of which 73 were used. Studies have shown that DMPG and DMG are associated with an increase in gestational complications and the risk of developing MCs. DMPG and DMG in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developing MCs in the cardiovascular, nervous, genital, skeletal, and urinary systems. Cardiac malformations are the most frequently reported, among which septal defects are prominent. This review concludes that DM in pregnancy should be prevented mainly in the organogenesis phase, with weight control and maternal sedentarism and with the early diagnosis of hyperglycemic alterations, in order to avoid an epidemic of morbidity and mortality in generations affected by diabetes in the gestational period.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Congenital Abnormalities , Diabetes, Gestational , Diabetes Mellitus , PubMed , Diabetes Complications , Hyperglycemia
4.
CCH, Correo cient. Holguín ; 20(4): 615-629, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-828323

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la atención pregestacional a la mujer diabética es considerada un requisito para lograr buenos resultados en su embarazo. El inicio del embarazo sin un adecuado control metabólico predispone a la pérdida del embarazo o a un riesgo incrementado de malformaciones congénitas, otras alteraciones también son reportadas en el feto y en el recién nacido. Objetivo: determinar si la atención preconcepcional a la mujer diabética pregestacional repercute favorablemente en el embarazo y sus resultados perinatales. Método: se realizó un estudio de cohorte, desarrollado en el Servicio de Diabetes y Embarazo del Hospital Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin de Holguín en el periodo de 2004 al 2013. El universo estuvo constituido por 218 gestantes diabéticas pregestacionales. La muestra se conformó por 203 gestantes que presentaron su parto con 28 semanas o más de gestación y fueron distribuidas en dos grupos, uno que involucró 57 gestantes que fueron atendidas desde antes del embarazo (grupo estudio) y un segundo grupo de 146 gestantes (grupo control) a quienes no le fue dispensada esta atención. Resultados: el recién nacido grande para la edad gestacional (23,03%) y la prematuridad (21,07%) predominó en la gestante que no fue atendida desde antes del embarazo y solo en ellas fue vista la muerte fetal (2,94%) y neonatal (0,98%), las malformaciones congénitas (1,12%) y otras complicaciones neonatales. Conclusiones: se demostró que la atención preconcepcional en la mujer con diabetes preexistente impacta positivamente en el embarazo y los resultados perinatales.


Introduction: pregestacional care to diabetic women is considered a requirement to obtain good results during the gestational stage. The beginning of pregnancy without an adequate metabolic control, predispose to the loss of the pregnancy or to a risk of increasing congenital bad formations, although there are other alterations which have been described in the fetus and the newly born. Objective: to determine if the preconceptional care in pregestacional diabetic women have positive repercussions in pregnancy and its perinatal results. Method: a cohort study about the behavior of the perinatal variables in diabetic women was carried out, this study was related to the preconceptional care in the Diabetes and Pregnancy Service of the Universitary Hospital Vladimir I. Lenin of Holguín, in the period of time between 2004-2013. The universe was formed by 218 pregestacional diabetic women. The sample was integrated by 203 pregnant women who presented their childbirth with 28 weeks or more of gestation. The patients were divided in two groups, one involving 57 pregnant women (study group), who were assisted before the pregnancy and a pregnant second group of 146 (control group), to whom, this assistance was not provided. Results: the big newly born to the gestational age of (23,03%) and the prematurity (21,07%) were predominant in the pregnants who were not assisted before pregnancy and just in them the fetal death (2.94%), the neonatal death (0.98%), the bad formations (1.12%) as well as other neonatal complications were seen. Conclusions: the study demonstrated that the preconcepcional care in the woman with pregestational diabetes impacts positively in pregnancy and perinatal results.

5.
Salus ; 19(1): 27-33, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-772713

ABSTRACT

El manejo adecuado de la diabetes durante el embarazo es fundamental para prevenir morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal. No hay consenso en las pautas internacionales, existiendo muchos aspectos controversiales. Se realizó una revisión del tema buscando criterios científicos y costo-efectivos que sirvan de base para prestar la mejor atención a las pacientes con Diabetes y Embarazo. Hay acuerdo general sobre la necesidad de equipos interdisciplinarios que proporcionen seguimiento clínico-metabólico materno, donde el control glucémico óptimo alcanzado y mantenido durante toda la gestación constituye la piedra angular, para lo cual resulta indispensable la indicación y cumplimiento de medidas no farmacológicas como educación, plan alimentario, ejercicios, cesación tabáquica y apoyo psico-social; y medidas farmacológicas, donde la insulina constituye el tratamiento de elección. Además de realizar la vigilancia de la salud fetal, la atención obstétrica de un embarazo de alto riesgo y los cuidados inmediatos del recién nacido. Desafortunadamente, persisten numerosas controversias particularmente en cuanto a la pesquisa de las hiperglucemias en el embarazo (Diabetes Gestacional y Diabetes en el Embarazo) y las medidas terapéuticas y de control metabólico a aplicar. En el momento de seleccionar las opciones disponibles, se destaca la importancia del razonamiento clínico individualizado, el cumplimiento de las regulaciones y el abordaje ético, con el fin de garantizar la mayor seguridad al binomio madre-feto.


An adequate management of diabetes during pregnancy is fundamental to prevent related maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus on existing international guidelines, and many controversial aspects persist. A review of the subject was conducted, searching for scientific and costeffective criteria as the basis to provide the best care to patients with diabetes and pregnancy. There is a general agreement on the need for interdisciplinary teams that provide maternal clinicalmetabolic monitoring, where optimal glycemic control, achieved and maintained throughout pregnancy, is the cornerstone. For this, the indication and compliance of non-pharmacological measures, such as education, diet planning, exercise, smoking cessation and psychosocial support are essential, in addition to pharmacological measures, where insulin is the treatment of choice. Also, surveillance of fetal health, obstetric care in high risk pregnancies and immediate care of the newborn are needed. Unfortunately, many controversies still persist, particularly in terms of screening for hyperglycemia in pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes and Diabetes in pregnancy), as well as regarding applicable therapeutic and metabolic control measures. When selecting available options, the importance of an individualized clinical reasoning, compliance with regulations and ethical issues are emphasized in order to ensure greater safety to the mother-fetus binomial.

6.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 32(2): 186-195, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685980

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se conoce que en los últimos años, el manejo obstétrico ha enfatizado el control estricto de la glicemia en la madre y que ha mejorado la sobrevida fetal, la cual es directamente proporcional a la glicemia media materna. Objetivo: caracterizar los principales resultados en la experiencia hospitalaria sobre la vigilancia obstétrica y metabólica en la atención de gestantes diabéticas en el Hospital General Ciro Redondo García, Centro de Referencia Territorial en Artemisa. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, prospectivo y de corte longitudinal en el Hospital General Docente Ciro Redondo García de Artemisa desde junio de 2005 hasta junio de 2012. De un universo de 2 140 gestantes ingresadas, 240 fueron diagnosticadas diabéticas, constituyendo la muestra de estudio, Resultados: como diabéticas gestacionales (DG) se clasificó el 77,5 por ciento mientras que las diabéticas pregestacionales (DPG) constituyeron el 22,5 por ciento .Los grupos de edades de 31 a 36 años y de 20 a 25 años fueron los de mayor predominio en la diabetes gestacional pregestacional para un 29,1 por ciento y un 33,3 por ciento respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo de mayor predominio en el estudio fueron: la obesidad (44,2 por ciento ), la edad mayor de 34 años, polihidramnios, macrosomía previa y los abortos espontáneos (38,7; 18; 8,1; y 6,6 por ciento respectivamente). Otros factores de riesgo fueron los antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus de las gestantes, el diagnóstico de la diabetes gestacional después de las 20 semanas, la cesárea como el tipo de parto de mayor predominio y la edad gestacional a término al parto. Conclusiones: en un valorado sistema de salud pública como el cubano, se debe tomar medidas pertinentes para monitorear y controlar la morbilidad y complicaciones de las gestantes diabéticas


Background: it is known that, in recent years, obstetric management has made emphasis on the strict control of glycemia in the mother and the fetal survival has been improved, which is directly proportional to the mean maternal glycemia. Objective: to characterize the principal results in the hospital experience on obstetric and metabolic surveillance in the management of pregnant diabetic women in Ciro Redondo García General Hospital, Regional Reference Center in Artemisa. Methods: an observational analytical prospective cross-longitudinal study was conducted in Ciro Redondo García General Hospital in Artemisa from June 2005 to June 2012. From a universe of 2 140 pregnant women admitted in the hospital, 240 were diagnosed diabetics, representing them, the sample of the study. Results: the 77.5 percent of them were classified as gestational diabetic women (GD) whereas pregestational diabetic women (PGD) represented the 22.5 percent .The 31-36 and 20-25 age groups were the most predominant in gestational and pregestational diabetes, for a 29.1 percent and a 33.3 percent, respectively. The most predominant risk factors in the study were: obesity (44.2 percent ), age over 34 years, polyhydramnios, previous macrosomia, and spontaneous abortion (38.7, 18, 8.1, 6.6 percent respectively). Other risk factors were: family antecedents of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women, the time of diagnosis of gestational diabetes after the 20 weeks, the caesarean section as the most predominant type of delivery, and gestational age at delivery at term. Conclusions: in a valued Public Health System such as the Cuban one, appropriate measures should be taken to monitor and control morbidity and complications in pregnant diabetic women


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/physiopathology , Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism , Pregnancy in Diabetics/prevention & control , Hospital Care , Longitudinal Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 38(1): 56-63, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-617285

ABSTRACT

Introducción: tradicionalmente se han utilizado índices antropométricos para evaluar el estado nutricional de la mujer embarazada. Objetivo: realizar un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo con la intención de evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de gestantes con diabetes. Métodos: se estudiaron un total de 1 891 gestantes con diabetes, de ellas 1 211 con Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional y 680 pregestacionales en un período de 13 años (1994-2006). La información se recogió en una hoja Excel y se procesó la misma en la base de datos Microsoft Access 2000. Se aplicó el paquete estadístico de SSPS y se aceptó como significativamente estadístico cuando fue la p < 0,05. Resultados: se detectó que la ganancia de peso en embarazada con diabetes estuvo influenciada por su edad, la paridad, el índice de masa corporal y el grado de control metabólico ejercido a lo largo de la gestación, con diferencias en algunas de estas variables entre las diabéticas mellitus gestacionales y las pregestacionales. Conclusión: según nuestros resultados, con la intención de obtener recién nacidos de normopeso corporal, las diabéticas mellitus gestacionales con óptimo control metabólico deben tener una ganancia de peso en relación con su índice de masa corporal y este oscilará entre 10 y 12 kg, y en las pregestacionales ese aumento oscilará entre 7 y 12 kg


Introduction: traditionally the anthropometric indexes have been used to assess the nutritional status of the pregnant. Objective: to conduct a descriptive-retrospective study to assess the nutritional status of a group of diabetic pregnants. Methods: a total of 1 891 diabetic pregnants was studied, from them 1 211 presenting with gestational diabetes mellitus y 680 with pre-gestational diabetes during 13 years (1994-2006). Information was collected in an Excel sheet processing it in the Microsoft Access 2000 database and p < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: it was noted that the weight gain in the diabetic pregnant was influenced by age, parity and body mass index (BMI) of pregnant and the degree of metabolic control exerted throughout pregnancy with differences in some variables between the pregnants with gestational diabetes mellitus and those with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: according our results and trying to achieve newborn with a normal weight, the pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus con a optimal metabolic control must to show a weight gain related to its BMI and it will fluctuate between 10 and 12 kg and those with pre-gestational diabetes this increase will fluctuate between 7 and 12 kg


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Pregnancy in Diabetics/epidemiology , Prenatal Nutrition/education , Body Weight/physiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 29(4): 417-427, oct.-dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584751

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El manejo del estrés oxidativo en la embarazada diabética podría ser beneficioso en la prevención de complicaciones como las malformaciones congénitas. Sin embargo, no existe un consenso en cuanto a la pertinencia de aplicar terapias antioxidantes previamente o durante la gestación. La ambigüedad de algunos resultados en cuanto al daño real sobre las biomoléculas pudiera ser la causa de tal desacuerdo. El estudio tuvo como objetivos evaluar el estado de marcadores de daño oxidativo a biomoléculas y de defensa antioxidante en embarazadas diabéticas, así como analizar la influencia del tipo diabetes en el estado REDOX durante la gestación. Métodos: Se estudiaron 32 embarazadas diabéticas (15 con diabetes pregestacional y 17 gestacional) y 27 sanas, con un tiempo de gestación promedio superior a 20 semanas. Los marcadores se evaluaron por técnicas espectrofotométricas y cromatografía líquida de alta presión. Resultados: se pudo asegurar daño oxidativo al material genético y a proteínas, unido a una disminución también significativa de las defensas antioxidantes mediadas por el glutatión reducido en las embarazadas con diabetes pregestacional. Los niveles de nitratos y nitritos no mostraron diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusiones: los resultados permiten asegurar una vez más que las mujeres con diabetes pregestacional presentan un estado de estrés oxidativo que deteriora las defensas antioxidantes y no logra contrarrestar el daño oxidativo a biomoléculas


Introduction: The management of oxidative stress in diabetic pregnants could be beneficial to prevent complications like the congenital malformations. However, there is not a consensus as regards the relevance of applying antioxidant therapies before or during pregnancy. The ambiguity of some results as regard the real damage on biomolecules could be the cause of such disagreement. The aims of present study were to assess the state of the markers of oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant defence in diabetic pregnants, as well as to analyze the influence of the type of diabetes on the REDOX state during pregnancy. Methods: Thirty two diabetic pregnants (15 with pregestational diabetes and 17 with gestational diabetes) and 27 healthy pregnants with an average pregnant time higher than 20 weeks. Markers were assessed using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. Results: There was oxidative damage to genetic material and proteins together with a decrease also significant in antioxidant defenses mediated by the reduced glutathione in pregestational diabetic pregnants. The nitrates and nitrites levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Results allowed us to make sure that women with pregestional diabetes had a oxidative stress state deteriorating the antioxidant defenses and not counteract the oxidative damage to biomolecules


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/genetics , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/etiology
9.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 65(1/2): 18-24, ene. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-545868

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se ha demostrado que el control glicémico adecuado de la diabetes, tanto gestacional como pregestacional, especialmente en cuanto al aspecto educativo y de seguimiento, reduce de forma considerable la morbilidad perinatal y puede también mejorar la calidad de vida de la madre en el futuro. Es por ello, que este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar a la población de diabéticas pregestacionales (diabéticas tipo 1 y 2), en cuanto a su grado de control glicémico evidenciado por el valor de la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), durante el embarazo y comparar este grado de control con pacientes diabéticas no embarazadas. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de tipo cohorte histórica que incluyó como cohorte expuesta a las pacientes diabéticas tipo 1 como 2, atendidas en el Consultorio de Especialidades del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke (HGF) entre Enero de 1999 y Junio de 2008. Como cohorte no expuesta, se seleccionaron pacientes diabéticas en edad fértil, no embarazadas en control en el Policlínico de Endocrinología del HGF y en Consultorio Marcos Maldonado, con características epidemiológicas equivalentes a las de las pacientes pertenecientes a la cohorte expuesta mediante técnica de matching. Resultados: Durante el embarazo, un 73,68 por ciento de los casos obtuvieron HbA1c bajo 7 mg/dL mientras que en el grupo de mujeres no embarazadas sólo un 15,62 por ciento HbA1c bajo 7mg/dL (p value=0.0000062). Conclusión: Durante el embarazo las pacientes diabéticas lograron un mejor control glicémico que las diabéticas no embarazadas. Sin embargo, no podemos afirmar que este mejor control se deba a la motivación del embarazo, o a un control preconcepcional adecuado con la información de la que disponemos. Probablemente la vigilancia más estrecha y frecuente por parte del equipo de salud sea un factor relevante.


It has been demostrated that a good glycemic control, in diabetic women, before anf during pregnancy, specially concerning education and follow up, may in better quality of life in the mother's future. This revision has the intention to characterize the population of pregestational diabetic women (type 1 and type 2), observing their glycosilated hemoglobine (Hb A1c) and compare it with similar diabetic non pregnant women. A retrospective descriptive review has been done, comparing an exposed cohort of type 1 and type 2 pregnant women controlled at the Endocrine Departament of Hospital Dr. G. Fricke in Viña del Mar, between January 1999 and June 2008, with a not exposed cohort of fertile non pregnant diabetic women, with equivalent epidemiologic characteristics for matching. As results we saw that during pregnancy 73, 68 percent had HbA1c less than 7mg/dL versus 15.62 percent in the control group. (p value=0.0000062) As a conclusion, we can say that during pregnancy diabetic women improve their glycemic control compared with similar non pregnant diabetic women. Nevertheless, we are not able to affirm that this improved metabolic control is a consequence of the motivation induced by pregnancy or because of better pregestational control. More likely, the tighter vigilance of the health team, with a greater frequency of medical visits has a lot to do with our findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes Complications/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , /blood , Pregnancy in Diabetics , Chile , Cohort Studies , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 34(2)mayo-ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515649

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar los factores que predisponen al accidente hipoglucémico durante el embarazo en diabéticas pre-gestacionales y su repercusión materna y perinatal. Métodos: se estudiaron retrospectivamente 175 embarazadas diabéticas pre-gestacionales (73 B, 22 C, 66 D, 4 F, 1 H, 5 R, y 4 F-R) en el período 2001-2006, todas estuvieron sometidas a tratamiento dietético e insulínico y este último aplicado según el método descrito por los profesores Valdés Amador y Márquez Guillén. Los resultados maternos y perinatales se analizan comparativamente entre las que sufrieron del accidente y las que no, para lo cual utilizamos el test X2 de Fisher con un significado de p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: se detectó un accidente hipoglucémico en 78 pacientes (44,6 por ciento), de ellas, calificado de leve en 54 (30,9 por ciento) y en 24 (13,7 por ciento) de grave. La frecuencia de hipoglucemia resultó significativamente más frecuente en las diabéticas tipo 1, de 25 años o menos, nulíparas, con bajo o normo peso corporal y algún grado de lesión vascular presente. No detectamos repercusión en morbi-mortalidad perinatal, ni anomalías congénitas por motivo de la complicación. Conclusiones: las embarazadas diabéticas tipo 1, con algún grado de lesión vascular y de bajo o normo peso corporal son más propensas al accidente muy probablemente por la reportada pérdida de la reacción hormonal contrarregulatoria.


Objective: to analyze the factors predisposing the hypoglycaemic accident during pregnancy in pregestational diabetic women and its maternal and perinatal repercussion. Methods: 175 pregnant women affected by pregestational diabetes (73 B, 22 C, 66 D, 4 F, 1 H, 5 R, y 4 F-R) were retrospectively studied from 2001 to 2006. All of them were under dietetic and insulin treatment. The latter was applied by the method described by professors Valdés Amador and Márquez Guillén. The maternal and perinatal results were comparatively analyzed among those who suffered the accident and those who did not, for which we used Fisher's chi square test with a significance of p< 0.05. RESULTS: a hypoglycaemic accident was detected in 78 patients (44.6 percent). It was mild in 54 (30.9 percent) and severe in 24 (13.7 percent). Hypoglycaemia was more significantly frequent in type-1 diabetic women aged 25 or under, nuliparous, with low or normal body weight and with some grade of vascular lesion. No impact was detected on perinatal morbimortality, and no congenital anomalies were observed as a result of the complication. Conclusions: type-1 diabetic women with some grade of vascular lesion and with low or normal body weight are proner to the accident due very probably to the reported loss of counterregulatory hormonal reaction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/drug therapy , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Hypoglycemia/drug therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies
11.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 33(4)oct.-dic. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-479255

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una amplia revisión de los cuidados que debe recibir una mujer diabética antes de que decida embarazarse. Es necesario lograr un control metabólico adecuado previo a la gestación para evitar la aparición de malformaciones fetales, que pueden presentarse si existe hiperglicemia durante el período de embriogénesis del embarazo. También es importante precisar la existencia de complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes mellitus y su grado, dado que algunas deben ser corregidas antes del embarazo, o en dependencia de la severidad o del tipo, pudieran desaconsejarlo. Se hace imprescindible además, brindar orientación anticonceptiva a estas mujeres mientras esperan el momento más adecuado para enfrentar la gestación. En este trabajo se recogen las experiencias en relación con este tema y las pautas de acción en la consulta de Riesgo Materno Preconcepcional de la Mujer Diabética.


An extensive literature review of the care that should be given to a diabetic woman before pregnancy was made. It is necessary to have an adequate metabolic control prior to gestation in order to avoid fetal malformation that may occur if hyperglycemia is present in the pregnancy embriogenesis term. It is similarly important to determine chronic complications of diatebes mellitus and their level of impact, given that some of these problems must be solved before pregnancy and, according to severity and type of the complication, a woman may even be advised against pregnancy. It is also essential to provide these women with contraceptive guidance while they are waiting for the most suitable time to get pregnant. This paper reflected the experience gained and the actions taken in the Pregestational Maternal Risk of the Diabetic Women medical consultation service.

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