ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiac autonomic function is altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. It is evidenced by decreased heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV results in cardiac autonomic neuropathy and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Identifying individuals with high risk for T2DM can be an important approach to prevent or delay T2DM complications. In India, the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) questionnaire was developed for screening Indian population. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data available evaluating HRV among adults with different risk levels for T2DM (categorized using IDRS). Aim and Objective: In our study, we evaluated HRV among adults with different risk levels for T2DM. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Physiology, MAPIMS. It is a cross-sectional study done on 130 male and female staffs, attenders, and laboratory technicians working in MAPIMS. All the participants will be asked to complete the IRDS questionnaire. Then, based on the IRDS score, they are divided into Groups I, II, and III. In all the three groups, 5 min short-term HRV will be recorded using RMS Polyrite. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 version software. One-way ANOVA was used to find any statistical difference between the groups. Correlations between the variables were done using Pearson correlation test. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in HRV between different risk levels for diabetes was determined by one-way ANOVA and the post hoc (Dunn’s) test revealed that HRV levels were significantly reduced in high risk, moderate risk when compared to mild risk group. Conclusion: HRV levels reduced as the risk for diabetes increased, that is, HRV negatively correlated with the risk score.
ABSTRACT
Background: Globally an estimated 422 million adults are living with Diabetes as per WHO data 2014, and 85 to 90% cases are type 2 diabetes. Maximum number of people with diabetes mellitus are in the age group of 40 to 59 yrs. Among them 50% are undiagnosed. Sedentary lifestyle, diet, dietary fiber, mal-nutrition, some chemical agents, stress, alcohol, viral infections, etc., are some environmental risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study. Details of the study subjects were recorded using structured predesigned and pretested questionnaire. All the data collected was entered and analyzed with MS Excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3. All tests were considered significant at p <0.05 level.Results: In our study, majority of population participated in the screening camp are between 30 to 35 years of age, Female (53.2%) participants were more. We found that 38 (24.1%) persons were found to be in pre-diabetic stage, 57 (37.3%) are having high risk of getting diabetes.Conclusions: There is significant relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle (p<0.05) to the risk of diabetes as per Indian diabetes risk score.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middle- and low-income countries which is attributed to a combination of factors - unhealthy diets, rapid urbanization, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyles and increasing life expectancy. Objectives: The objective of the study was to estimate the proportion of patients at risk of developing diabetes mellitus using IDRS and to identify various factors associated with the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural health training center among 185 patients aged ≥30 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) scale. Random Blood Glucose (RBS) of all the patients was also estimated. Data was analysed using MS Excel and SPSS 20.0 by doing frequencies, chi square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.6 (±12.31) years with majority of females (133;71.9%), Hindu (174; 94%), illiterate (122;65.9%) and patients from upper lower socio-economic status (127;68.6%). Fifty-four (29.2%) participants had RBS levels of ≥140mg/dl. The prevalence of high risk, moderate risk and low risk of diabetes among participants was 49.2%, 46.5% and 4.3% respectively. The significant determinants found on univariate analysis were gender, occupation, blood pressure, BMI and RBS. However, after applying multiple logistic regression it was found out that blood pressure (95% CI=1.122-4.990, P =0.024) and BMI (95% CI= 1.471-6.711, P =0.003) were the main predictors of IDRS score. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of screening programs for early identification of high risk people where simple lifestyle interventions can help prevent or delay the onset of the disease.