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Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) is a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells through gene reprogramme and cell dedifferentiations.The researching history and advantages of iPSC were reviewed in this paper.In addition,the application of iPSC on diabetis mellitus was also summarized and prospected.
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OBJETIVO: Expor e discutir o enfrentamento do diagnóstico de DM na criança e sua família na ótica dos acadêmicos de medicina. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, com abordagem refl exiva. RESULTADOS: Verifi caram-se as fases no pós-diagnóstico, o enfrentamento do DM pela família e a criança, a importância de implementar estratégias para viabilizar a adesão ao tratamento, assim como as ofi cinas para as famílias e crianças em igual situação de alteração metabólica. CONCLUSÃO: As orientações prestadas à família com vistas ao esclarecimento e aporte emocional podem auxiliar no processo de adaptação coletiva, pois as dúvidas levam a questionamentos importantes no processo de aprendizagem sobre o DM e como proceder. Isto sugere uma ampliação na forma de orientação ao individuo e a família com DM, a considerar a individualidade dos mesmos na redução das dúvidas e preparar a família para os cuidados permanentes.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Primary Health Care , Child Guidance , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious systemic diseases that may cause general systemic changes, which may be reflected in the oral cavity. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries, Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in addition to the flow rate and pH among uncontrolled and controlled type 2 diabetic groups in comparison with non-diabetic control group. Materials and Methods Study groups consisted of 25 uncontrolled diabetic patients (HbA1c >7), 25 controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c <7), in addition to 25 nondiabetic healthy looking individuals. Their age was (18–22) years from both genders. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries were according to the severity of dental caries lesion through the application of D1_4MFS and stimulated salivary samples were collected. The salivary flow rate and pH were estimated. Viable count of Mutans streptococci (on Mitis-Salivarius Bacitracin Agar) and Lactobacilli (on Rogosa) was determined. Results The mean values of caries severity were recorded to be highest among study groups compared to the control with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01). Lowest values of salivary pH and flow rate were among study groups compared to the control with highly significant difference (p<0.01). Concerning Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli were found that the mean values of them for uncontrolled diabetic group were highly significant higher than both mean values of controlled diabetic group and control group. Conclusion Dental caries revealed higher percentage of occurrence and severity among uncontrolled diabetic group. Furthermore, there was significant influence of the diabetic and the poor metabolic control on the salivary flow rat, pH, Mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli that have an effect on caries occurrence and severity.
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Objective To investigate the changes ofplatelet parameters in type 2 diabetic patients with vascular complications.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight cases of type 2 diabetic patients were selected and divided into vascular disease group (49 cases) and non-vascular disease group (79 cases).Platelet count (PLT),mean platelet volume (MPV),mean platelet distribution width (PDW) and large-platelet (L-PLT) was detected,meanwhile 50 healthy volunteers were as control group.Results The MPV,PDW and L-PLT in vascular disease group was significantly higher than that in non-vascular disease group and control group [(13.98-2.35) fl vs.(11.53 ±2.06),(10.41 ± 1.95) fl; (15.87 ±2.18) fl vs.(13.51 ± 2.01),(11.15 ± 1.88) fl; (10.91 ± 1.34) × 109/L vs.(8.72 ± 1.03) × 109/L,(6.21 ± 0.98) × 109/L] (P ＜ 0.05),and PLT in vascular disease group was significantly lower than that in non-vascular disease group and control group [(115.2 ± 10.5) × 109/L vs.(129.6 ± 8.7) × 109/L,(176.5 ± 7.2) × 109/L] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Platelet parameters detection are helpful for clinical diagnosis of diabetic angiopathy and play an important role in clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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genéticos. Los individuos con Diabetes e Infarto del Miocardio tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva con egresados vivos de Terapia Intensiva, con diagnóstico de Infarto Agudo del Miocardio en 2002-2004, para caracterizar a los infartados, diabéticos o no, según el comportamiento de factores de riesgo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas. Resultados: Se encontró que entre los no diabéticos predomina el sexo masculino con 65,3 % y entre los diabéticos predominó el sexo femenino tanto en la Diabetes tipo1 (60.0%) como en la tipo 2 (79,4%). El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de los mayores de 60 años, 55,13% corresponde a los Diabéticos tipo 2. 79,4% de los fumadores eran no diabéticos frente a 90% de Diabéticos tipo 1 infartados y 78,3 de fumadores infartados Diabéticos tipo 2. 80% de diabéticos tenían cifras elevadas de tensión arterial (130 / 85). Se encontró que 84,6% de Diabéticos tipo 2 reunían 3 ó más factores de riesgo. La estadía en los Diabéticos tipo 2 en 74,1% de los pacientes fue más de 11 días (11 _ 19 días) 24,1% y (20 días o más) 50%, y menos de 10 días en los no diabéticos con 35,8%. Conclusiones: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo de 60 y más años. La hipertensión arterial y el hábito de fumar, factores de riesgo predominantes en los infartados.
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease of multiple processes and factors that could be either enviromental or genetics. Diabetic patients with myocardial infarction have a bigger risk of mor tality. Material and methods: It was carried out a retrospective and descriptive study in 229 patients who came out from intensive therapy with myocardial infarction diagnosis during the period 2002-2004. Records were analyzed to characterize people who suffered from heart attacks either diabetic or not according to the behaviour of the risk factors. Their clinical records were also checked. Results: Masculine sex prevailed in the non diabetic group of patients with 65,3%, however, femenine sex prevailed among diabetic patients in both types:1 and 2 with 60% and 79,4% respectively. The group of patients over 60 years old was the most affected, corresponding 55,13% to diabetic type 2. From this sample of patients with myocardial infarction diagnosis a 79,4% of the smokers group were not diabetics but there was a 90% of diabetics type 1 and a 78,3% of smokers who were diabetic type 2. There was 80% of diabetic patients with high blood pressure(130/85) and 84,6% of diabetics type 2 had three or more risk factors for infarction. Permanency in the hospital of diabetic type 2 patients was over 11 days in the 74,1% of the cases.( from 11 to 19 days 24,1% and 20 days or more 50%). Non diabetics stayed at the hospital less than 10 days in a 35,8% of the cases. Conclusions: Female sex and age group over 60 years prevailed among the most affected. Hypertension and smoking habit were the most predominant risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction.
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O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma patologia da segunda metade da gestação caracterizada por uma insulinorresistência que está intimamente relacionada ao resultado perinatal adverso e se não diagnosticada e tratada pode trazer sérios problemas tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre marcadores clínicos e bioquímicos de gravidade do DMG. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane. Foram selecionados 50 artigos, mas apenas 25 tiveram relevância para serem discutidos nesta revisão. Após análise pôde-se concluir que com os novos critérios-diagnósticos e um aumento na incidência dessa patologia é de grande valia identificar marcadores clínicos e bioquímicos que estão relacionados aos resultados perinatais adversos e à necessidade de tratamento complementar à dieta
The gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a second half of pregnancy disease characterized by insulin resistance that is closely related to perinatal outcome and if undiagnosed and untreated can cause serious problems for both mother and fetus. The objective of this study was to review the literature on clinical and biochemical markers of GDM severity. This is a literature review in PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane. Fifty articles were selected, but only 25 were relevant to be discussed in this review. After their analysis it was concluded that with the new diagnostic criteria and an increased incidence of this pathology is of great value to identify clinical and laboratory markers that are related to adverse perinatal outcomes and the need to supplement the diet treatment
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Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Birth Weight , Body Mass Index , Insulin Resistance , Fetal Macrosomia/etiology , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy Outcome , Prenatal Diagnosis , Glucose Tolerance TestABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of serum homocysteine and it s relationship with oxidative stress and diabetic microangiopathy.Methods Eighty health participants were recruited as control 100 type 2 diabetis patients without diabetic microangiopathy were recruited as DM group,100 type 2 diabetis patients with diabetic nephropathy were recruited as DN group,and 100 type 2 diabetis patients with diabetic retinopathy were recruited as DR group.Their serum levels of homocysteine,malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione(GSH)were measured.Results The homocysteine was(98.86 ± 21.46),(198.95 ±19.35),(138.65 ± 15.25)ng/L in the DM,DN and DR group respectively,which were signigicantly higher than that of(62.48 ± 15.36)ng/L in the control group(F =7.95,P ＜ 0.01).MDA was(17.49 ± 1.64),(22.47 ± 1.86)and(22.47 ± 1.86)mmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of(11.86 ± 0.48)mmol/L in the control group(F =6.89,P ＜0.01).The homocysteine and MDA in the DN and DR group were both significantly higher than those in the DM group(P ＜ 0.01).The SOD and GSH was(107.80 ± 15.62)mg/L and(179.26 ± 25.8)mg/L in the DM group,(79.86 ± 14.63)mg/L and(143.36 ± 21.75)mg/L in the DN group,(89.34 ± 12.75)mg/L and(156.96 ± 19.35)mg/L in the DR group,which were significantly higher than those of(128.32 ± 19.21)mg/L and(237.38 ± 27.31)mg/L in the control group(F =7.89 and 8.76 respectively,P＜0.01).The SOD and GSH in the DN and DR group were both significantly lower than those in the DM group(P ＜ 0.01),and the DN group was significantly lower than the DR group(P ＜ 0.01)Serum homocysteine was positively correlated with MDA(r =0.79,P ＜ 0.05),and negtively correlated with SOD and GSH(r =-0.71 and-0.78,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Diabetic microangiopathy patients have higher serum homocysteine level and severe oxidative stress.Oxidative stress were related to higher serum homocysteine level.The higher serum homocysteine level and oxidative stress might play an important role in development of diabetic Microangiopathy
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Sleeping disorders in type 2 diabetic patients constitute risk factors for aggravating diabetes since they can affect the metabolic control through insulin resistance syndrome. This was an observational, cross-sectional study. The majority (52 percent) of subjects had scores indicating poor sleep quality. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores showed patients with a time after diagnosis over 10 years and hypertension had the poorest sleep quality. For those with hemoglobin A1c > 7 percent taking sleeping medicines and those who had normal body mass index (BMI), the sleep quality was even poorer. The findings of the present study reinforce the relevance of this topic since there are no specific tools for sleep evaluation of type 2 diabetics making it difficult to make any assertions on the sleep quality of these patients.
Los disturbios del sueño en diabéticos del tipo 2, constituyen factores de riesgo para el agravamiento de la diabetes, pues pueden interferir en el control metabólico a través del síndrome de la resistencia a la insulina. El estudio fue del tipo observacional-transversal. La calidad del sueño fue investigada en 50 diabéticos del tipo 2, a quienes se aplicó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). La mayoría (52 por ciento) presentó puntuaciones del PSQI, que indican calidad del sueño mala. Aquellos con tiempo de diagnóstico superior a 10 años y con hipertensión poseían peor calidad del sueño. Para aquellos con valores de Hemoglobina A1c > 7 por ciento, que usaban medicamentos para dormir y los que presentaron IMC normal, la calidad del sueño se mostró peor. Lo encontrado en esta investigación refuerza la relevancia de la temática, ya que no existen instrumentos específicos para evaluar el sueño del diabético del tipo 2, dificultando afirmaciones sobre la calidad del sueño del diabético.
Distúrbios do sono em diabéticos do tipo 2 constituem fatores de risco para o agravamento do diabetes, pois podem interferir no controle metabólico através da síndrome da resistência à insulina. O estudo foi do tipo observacional-transversal. A qualidade do sono foi investigada em 50 diabéticos do tipo 2, sendo aplicado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI). A maioria (52 por cento) apresentou escores do PSQI que indicam qualidade do sono ruim. Aqueles com tempo de diagnóstico superior a 10 anos e com hipertensão possuíam pior qualidade do sono. Para os outros com valores de hemoglobina A1c > 7 por cento, que usam medicação para dormir, e aqueles que apresentaram IMC normal a qualidade do sono mostrou-se pior. Os achados desta investigação reforçam a relevância da temática, pois não existem instrumentos específicos para a avaliação do sono do diabético do tipo 2, dificultando afirmações acerca da qualidade do sono do diabético.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /epidemiology , Quality of Life/psychology , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
@#: Objective To explore the correlation between serum testosterone and type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly male.Methods 1012 elderly male were divided into 2 groups according to their histry of DM.Blood glucose(FBG,PBG),cholesterol(CHO),triglyceride(TG),blood pressure(DBP,SBP),body mass index(BMI),serum insulin(FINS,PINS),serum testosterone(T)and estradiol(E2)were measured.Results Eldly male with type 2 diabetes showed higher FBG,PBG,TG,FINS,PINS and E2 level than those without DM(P<0.05),and with lower HDL-C and T level(P<0.05).The analysis of multiple stepwise regression showed that T level was correlated with the level of HDL-C,FINS,PINS and TG.Conclusion TG,HDL-C,FINS and PINS level correlate with T level in eldly male with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To explore the correlation factors of hyperuricemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Two hundred and fifty-six inpatients with T2DM were divided into elderly(n=168)and non-elderly(n=88)groups. Another 37 elderly non-DM cases were as control. The parameters of serum uric acid and creatinine, urinary uric acid, pH and creatinine, clearance rates of uric acid and creatinine(Ccr)were determined and compared among 3 groups. Results The elderly T2DM group had higher level of serum uric acid than did non-elderly T2DM and control groups(all P