ABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade de acordo com o sexo entre os colaboradores de um centro universitário. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com funcionários de um centro universitário particular, localizado na cidade de Fortaleza Ceará Brasil. Foram coletados, em entrevista presencial, os seguintes dados: pessoais, socioeconômicos e demográficos, além de ter sido realizadas por equipe treinada, medidas antropométricas, tais como, peso, altura, circunferência do pescoço (CP) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Resultados: foram entrevistados 80 funcionários, a maioria do sexo feminino 65% e 40% na faixa etária entre 20 a 29 anos, 40,0% com ensino médio incompleto e 31,3% com renda de até um salário-mínimo mensal. De acordo com a classificação do estado nutricional segundo valores de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), 68,7% dos participantes apresentavam excesso de peso, considerando os colaboradores com sobrepeso e obesidade e 78,8% das mulheres apresentaram CC de risco moderado e alto para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Os dados de CP mostraram que há uma prevalência elevada 77,5% de sobrepeso e obesidade em ambos os sexos. Do total, 75% das mulheres apresentaram risco nutricional antropométrico para desenvolver DCV, enquanto 60,7 % dos homens apresentaram parâmetros de risco, sem diferença estatística (p = 0,184). Conclusão: foi possível identificar que a maioria da população estudada apresenta excesso de peso segundo o IMC e CP, além de apresentar risco para o desenvolvimento de DCV analisados por meio da CC e RCE, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos. Ressalta, assim, a importância do atendimento nutricional para o diagnóstico precoce de sobrepeso/obesidade, com a finalidade de reduzir a prevalência de excesso de peso no ambiente de trabalho e no setor produtivo, com a realização de ações de conscientização da importância da alimentação e hábitos saudáveis na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como a obesidade
Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to sex among employees of a university center. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with employees of a private university center located in the city of Fortaleza Ceará Brazil. Personal, socioeconomic, and demographic data were collected in a face-to-face interview, in addition to anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, neck circumference (NC), and waist circumference (WC) by a trained team. Results: 80 employees were interviewed, most of them 65% female and 40% aged between 20 and 29 years, 40.0% with incomplete high school education, and 31.3% with an income of up to one minimum monthly wage. According to the classification of nutritional status according to Body Mass Index (BMI) values, 68.7% of the participants were overweight, considering the overweight and obese employees, and 78.8% of the women had moderate-risk WC and high for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The PC data showed that there is a high 77.5% prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes. Of the total, 75% of women had an anthropometric nutritional risk for developing CVD, while 60.7% of men had risk parameters, with no statistical difference (p = 0.184). Conclusion: It was possible to identify that the majority of the studied population is overweight according to BMI and LC, in addition to being at risk for the development of CVD analyzed through WC and WHtR, with no significant difference between genders. Thus, it emphasizes the importance of nutritional care for the early diagnosis of overweight/obesity to reduce the prevalence of excess weight in the work environment and the productive sector by carrying out actions to raise awareness of the importance of food and healthy habits in promoting health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity.
Subject(s)
Overweight , Obesity , Reference Standards , Weights and Measures , Cardiovascular Diseases , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry , Nutritional Status , Early Diagnosis , Diet , Waist Circumference , Food , Healthy Lifestyle , Noncommunicable Diseases , Health Promotion , Age GroupsABSTRACT
Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. España, 2. Comparar la personalidad según diagnóstico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 años de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el índice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes españoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clínicos, uno por país; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinación de las variables DN y LR no arrojó diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clínicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs.3% de alto riesgo por NE en los españoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatológico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevaleció la influencia del país de procedencia.
Abstract The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevailed.
ABSTRACT
Los enteroparásitos constituyen un problema de Salud Pública en los países sub-desarrollados; su identificación mediante el coproanálisis es esencial para el manejo global del escolar. Con el objetivo de caracterizar las enteroparásitosis en escolares de la primera etapa de la Escuela Bolivariana "Manuel Molina Hernández", Boca de Tocuyo-Municipio Monseñor Iturriza durante los meses de Mayo y Junio, 2011, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de 36 escolares, cuyos representantes, previo consentimiento informado, autorizaron la toma de muestras de heces para el diagnóstico de enteroparasitosis. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística univariada y bivariada. Los Resultados obtenidos reflejaron que la presencia de parasitosis predominó en los escolares de sexo masculino (47,2%); y las edades en que prevaleció la parasitosis fue en 8años 27,8%, 7años 19,4% y 6 años 16,7%. En 58,3% de los escolares se les diagnosticó 2 y3 tipos de parasitosis. Las especies parasitarias más frecuentes fueron: Blastocystis hominis 43,3%, Endolimax nana 20%, Entamoeba histolytica 10%, Entamoeba coli 8,3% y Giardia lamblia con 6,7%. Se asoció estadísticamente el sexo con los quistes parasitarios, pero no se encontró significancia. La caracterización de la condición social aplicando el Modelo de Graffar Modificado por Méndez Castellanos, reporto que 58,3% de los escolares se ubicaron en el estrato V de Graffar. Se concluye que la parasitosis más frecuente fue B. hominis en todas las edades, seguida de E. nana, predominando la B. hominis en el sexo masculino, los escolares de 6 a 8 años fueron los más afectados que se ubican en el estrato social V.
The intestinal parasites are a public health problem in underdeveloped countries, its identification by coproanalisis is essential for the overall management of the school. The objetive was to determine the presence of intestinal parasitosis and nutritional diagnosis in schoolchildren of the first stage of the Bolivarian School "Manuel Molina Hernandez," Boca de Tocuyo-City Iturriza Municipality from May to June of 2011. A descriptive cross-sectional sample of 36 schools at the Bolivarian School "Manuel Molina Hernandez." The data collection was through a card, stool samples were taken diagnosing intestinal parasites or not and the type, display the results in absolute and relative frequency. The results observed, the most common parasites: Blastocystis hominis 27 (75%), Endolimax nanny with 12 (33.3%) and Entamoeba coli with 6 (16.6%). Entamoeba histolytica less frequent with 5 (13.8%) and Giardia lamblia with 4 (11.1%). The distribution of parasitized schoolchildren by age group, the group from 7 to 8 years had higher parasite, with 17 (47.2%) schoolchildren. The rate of parasitism by age group, the group of 5-6 and 7-8 years Blastocystis hominis with 7 predominated (63.6%) and 16 (76.19%) pupils respectively. The classification of schools by level of layer prevailed Graffar V. The nutritional diagnosis in 23 parasitized group (79.3%) was normal. The predominant parasite was B. hominis in all ages, followed by E. nana, prevailing B. hominis in men, schoolchildren 6 to 8 years were affected and in the social stratum V.
ABSTRACT
O potencial de resposta à adubação é uma ferramenta utilizada para a interpretação dos valores dos índices DRIS, de forma que pode ser útil para verificar se diferentes grupos de normas resultam em diagnósticos distintos ou semelhantes entre si. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento do diagnóstico nutricional, submetidos a cinco grupos de normas DRIS. Para isto, amostras foliares de cupuaçueiros foram coletadas de pomares comerciais, cuja idade das plantas variou de 5 a 18 anos, sob monocultivo e sistemas agroflorestais (SAF's), obtendo-se para cada relação nutricional entre os nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg, as normas DRIS bivariadas, as quais foram obtidas para o conjunto das populações monitoradas e para subpopulações específicas. As diferentes normas DRIS resultaram em diagnósticos semelhantes para N, P e Ca, enquanto que para K e Mg os diagnósticos produzidos distinguiram-se entre as normas resultando em desvios nutricionais.
The response of potential fertilization is a tool used to interpret the values of DRIS indices, so that it may be useful to see if different groups of rules might result in different or similar diagnosis among themselves. In this sense, it we aimed to evaluate the performance of the nutritional diagnosis, submitted to five groups of DRIS norms. For this, leaf samples were collected from commercial cupuaçueiro orchards, whose plant ages ranged from 5 to 18, with cropping or agroforestry (SAF). For each relationship among the nutrition nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg, we obtained bivariate DRIS standards for all populations and monitored for specific subpopulations. The different standards resulted in DRIS diagnoses similar for N, P and Ca and distinct for Mg and K the produced diagnoses stood out among the norms resulting in nutritional deviations.
Subject(s)
Reference Standards , Cacao , Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES: La valoración nutricional de la madre y el recién nacido es un criterio ampliamente usado con fines pronósticos y de manejo clínico. En el ámbito obstétrico materno y neonatal se utiliza índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal neonatal respectivamente. OBJETIVO: Construir tablas bidimensionales que en la clínica práctica faciliten la obtención de estos índices. MÉTODO: Los índices antropométricos que relacionan el peso y la talla, fueron calculados mediante sus fórmulas respectivas: peso dividido por talla al cuadrado o al cubo según se trate de índice de masa corporal o índice ponderal neonatal. Para la categorización posterior del estado nutricional tanto materno como neonatal, los índices obtenidos han de ser valorados con gráficas en función de la edad gestacional. Recomendamos para ello los estándares de referencia nacional. RESULTADOS: Se conformaron dos tablas bidimensionales para el cálculo de índices, las cuales fueron acotadas de acuerdo a valores antropométricos promedios de nuestra población. CONCLUSIÓN: Estas tablas facilitarán al clínico la obtención de índices antropométricos y el diagnóstico de la condición nutricional de la embarazada y recién nacido.
BACKGROUND: Nutritional assessment is a widely used criterion for prognostic purposes and clinical management. In obstetrics, maternal and neonatal body mass Índex and neonatal ponderal Índex, respectively, are used. OBJECTIVE: To construct bidimensional tables to facilítate indexes obtaining process in clinical practice, moreover, graphs also are recommend for nutritional categorize using this indexes. METHODS: The anthro-pometric indexes that associate weight with height were calculated by their respectively formulas: weight divided by height squared or cubed, depending if body mass index or neonatal ponderal index is needed. For the subsequently categorization of both maternal and neonatal nutritional status, these indexes have to be judged in terms of gestational age graphics. For this process, we recommend national standard references. RESULTS: Two bidimensional tables were built to calcúlate the indexes and were delimited according to anthropometric averages of our population. CONCLUSION: These tables will facilítate the obtaining of indexes by the clinicians and, at the same time, the nutritional status diagnosis of pregnant women and their newborn.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Nutrition Assessment , Anthropometry/methods , Reference Standards , Weight by Height , Birth Weight , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Gestational AgeABSTRACT
En la orina la presencia de cristales tiene poco significado clínico, aunque su correcta identificación es de utilidad en pediatría pues, proporciona información para el diagnóstico de padecimientos sistémicos, enfermedades de las vías urinarias y posibles errores congénitos del metabolismo. A fin de evaluar la influencia del género, grupo etario, condición socioeconómica y el estado nutricional antropométrico sobre la prevalencia de cristaluria, se evaluaron 381 niños aparentemente sanos, edad 1 a 18 años, atendidos en tres de los ambulatorios del Municipio Guacara, Estado Carabobo. Se determinó estado nutricional antropométrico mediante peso/edad, talla/edad, peso/talla, área grasa y área muscular en lactantes, preescolares y escolares; índice de masa corporal para adolescentes; nivel socioeconómico medido por Graffar modificado. Análisis de orina al microscopio óptico (aumento 400x) Estadístico SPSS versión 10.0 significancia p<0,05. Del total de la población estudiada 49,1% presentó cristaluria, con prevalencia en preescolares y adolescentes (33,2% y 26,2% respectivamente), con predominio estadísticamente significativo en varones (57,8%). El cristal prevalerte fue el oxalato de calcio en 66,8%, con una relación estadísticamente significativa entre tipo de cristal, grupo etario y estrato socioeconómico. En el estado nutricional antropométrico se encontró 16,6% de desnutrición, predominio del estrato socioeconómico IV en todos los grupos etarios. Se concluye que la cristaluria encontrada en esta población pediátrica de nivel socioeconómico bajo, es independiente del estado nutricional antropométrico, aunque asociado a otros factores como grupo etario, género y estrato socioeconómico(AU)
In the urine the crystal presence has little clinical meaning; although its correct identification is of utility in pediatric, due to it provide information for the diagnosis of systemic sufferings, diseases of the urinary routes and possible congenital errors of the metabolism. In order to evaluate the influence of the gender, etario group, socioeconomic condition and the anthropometric nutritional state on the prevalence of cristaluria, 381 apparently healthy children were evaluated; age 1 to 18 years, taken care in three of the ambulatory of the Guacara Municipality, Carabobo State. Was determined anthropometric nutritional state by means of weight/age, carves/age, weight/ carves, greasy area and muscular area in suckling babies, preschool and school students; corporal mass index for adolescents; socioeconomic level measured by modified Graffar. Analysis of urine by optical microscope (400x). Statistical SPSS version 10.1 significance p<0.05. Of the total of studied population 49.1% presented cristaluria, with prevalence in preschool and adolescents (33.2% and 26.2% respectively), with statistically significant predominance in boys (57.8%). The crystal prevalent was the oxalate of calcium in 66.8%, with a statistically significant relation between type of crystal, etario group and socioeconomic layer. In the anthropometric nutritional state was 16,6% of undernourishment. Predominance of socioeconomic layer IV in all the etarios groups. We concludes that cristaluria found in this pediatric population of low socioeconomic level, is independent of the anthropometric nutritional state, although other factors like etario group, gender and socioeconomic level are associated(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Social Class , Urine/chemistry , Crystallization , Hypercalciuria/complications , Pediatrics , Urologic Diseases , UrologyABSTRACT
A transformação logarítmica das relações bivariadas no cálculo das normas e dos índices do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação de nutrientes (DRIS) tem sido sugerida como uma forma de melhorar a acurácia do sistema, principalmente por diminuir a inconsistência na distribuição de freqüência entre as formas de expressão direta e inversa de uma mesma relação. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de relações log-transformadas entre diferentes populações de referência. Amostras foliares de cupuaçu foram coletadas de 153 pomares comerciais, cuja idade das plantas variou de 5 a 18 anos, cultivados em monocultivo ou sistemas agroflorestais, obtendo-se para cada relação nutricional entre os nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, e Mn as normas DRIS bivariadas log-transformadas e não transformadas, obtidas para o conjunto da população e para condições específicas. Os resultados mostraram que as relações log-transformadas contribuem para uma maior consistência dos resultados entre as formas direta e inversa entre diferentes normas DRIS.
The logarithmic transformation of the bivariate relationships in the calculation of integrated system of diagnosis and recommendation indices (DRIS) has been suggested as a way to improve the accuracy of the system, mainly by reducing the inconsistency between the frequency distribution of the forms expression of direct and inverse of the same relationship. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of log-transformed relationship between different populations of reference. Cupuaçu leaf samples were collected at 153 commercial orchards; trees were part of either monoculture or agroforestry systems and ranged from 5 to 18 years old. For each individual, the nutritional relationship was calculated for the nutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Log-transformed and no- transformed nutrient ratio were obtained for the entire population and specific conditions.The results showed that the log-transformed relationship contributes to greater consistency of results between the direct and inverse forms between DRIS norms.
Subject(s)
Trees/physiology , Forestry/methods , Malvaceae , Multivariate AnalysisABSTRACT
La enfermedad hepática crónica es una entidad frecuente y el diagnostico nutricional, es de gran utilidad para influir en la historia natural de la enfermedad; por ello esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar la Evaluación Global Subjetiva con la evaluación Antropométrica para el diagnostico nutricional de pacientes con Enfermedad Hepática Crónica. Se evaluaron, previo consentimiento por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, 30 individuos (11 mujeres y 19 hombres) con enfermedad hepática crónica (EHC) CHILD A. Se aplicaron ambos métodos por diferentes evaluadores de acuerdo a las normas establecidas. Se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, a través del programa SPSS 12. (P >0,05). En el diagnostico nutricional de la evaluación antropométrica se encontró un total de 22 individuos (73.3%) se encontraban en normal, sobrepeso y obesidad; y 8 individuos (26.7%) con desnutrición proteico calórica; mientras que con la evaluación global subjetiva 22 individuos (73.3%) estaban bien nutridos, 8 (26.7%) moderadamente mal nutrido o riesgo de desnutrición (r=0,775), Se concluye que tanto la VGS como la Antropometría son aplicables para medir riesgo de desnutrición, pero la VGS no es aplicable para medir malnutrición por exceso dentro la evaluación nutricional del paciente ambulatorio con enfermedad hepática crónica.
Chronic liver disease is a common diagnosis and the nutritional diagnosis is very useful in influencing the natural history of the disease, that´s why this study objective was to compare the Subjective Global Assessment with the Anthropometric assessment for the nutritional diagnosis of patients with chronic liver disease. We assessed 30 individuals (11 women and 19 men) with chronic liver disease (EHC) CHILD A. Both methods were applied by different evaluators in accordance with established standards. It applied the Pearson correlation coefficient, through the program SPSS 12 (P> 0.05). In the anthropometrical assessment nutritional diagnosis a total of 22 individuals (73.3%) were normal, overweight and obesity, and 8 individuals (26.7%) with protein calorie malnutrition, while the 22 individuals subjective global assessment ( 73.3%) were well nourished, 8 (26.7%) moderately malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (r = 0775); was concluded that both the VGS as Anthropometrics are applicable to measure risk of malnutrition, but the VGS is not applicable to measure Malnutrition excess into the nutritional assessment in the ambulatory patient with chronic liver disease.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: A desnutrição hospitalar é altamente prevalente e continua pouco identificada. Ainda não há concordância sobre qual método melhor reflete a realidade dos pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivos: Identificar o nível de concordância entre o diagnóstico nutricional para eutrofia e desnutrição quando os pacientes são avaliados pelos protocolos Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) e o utilizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (AN-HCPA). Métodos: Estudo transversal em pacientes hospitalizados. As avaliações foram realizadas em momentos distintos, por pesquisadores diferentes. Resultados: Participaram 247 pacientes com idade de 50,7 ± 15,5 anos, e IMC de 21,31 ± 2,1 kg/m². O NRS-2002 encontrou 43% dos pacientes eutróficos e 57% desnutridos. O AN-HCPA identificou 50% dos pacientes com eutrofia e 50% com desnutrição. Dos 247 pacientes avaliados houve concordância em 93 pacientes no diagnóstico de eutrofia e em 110 pacientes no diagnóstico de desnutrição, com um coeficiente Kappa de 0,64 (IC 95% 0,55-0,74), p < 0,001. O AN-HCPA teve sensibilidade de 78,6% e especificidade de 86,9%, valor preditivo positivo de 88,7% e valor preditivo negativo de 75,6%. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o protocolo AN-HCPA apresenta boa concordância com o método de referência NRS-2002, não considerando a gravidade da doença. Este protocolo é uma ferramenta rápida e de fácil utilização podendo ser recomendada como um instrumento sensível para caracterizar o estado nutricional de eutrofia e desnutrição dos pacientes hospitalizados.
Background: Malnutrition during hospitalization is highly prevalent and remains poorly identified. There is no agreement on the best method to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. Objectives: To identify the agreement level of the eutrophy and malnutrition nutritional diagnosis when patients are evaluated using Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) protocol and the one used at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (ANHCPA). Methods: Cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients. The evaluations were performed at distinct moments, by different researchers. Results: The study involved 247 patients of 50.7 ± 15.5 years and BMI of 21.31 ± 2.1 kg/m2. NRS-2002 classified 43% of patients with eutrophy and 57% with malnutrition. AN-HCPA identified 50% of patients with eutrophy and 50% with malnutrition. Among the 247 evaluated patients both systems agreed in 93 cases for eutrophy diagnosis and in 110 cases for malnutrition diagnosis, with Kappa coefficient of 0.64 (95% CI 0.55-0.74) p < 0.001. AN-HCPA presented a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 86.9%, positive predictive value of 88.7% and negative predictive value of 75.6%. Conclusion: The results showed that AN-HCPA has a good level of agreement with the reference method, but did not consider illness severity. This protocol is a fast and easy-to-use tool that can be recommended as a sensitive instrument to identify eutrophy and malnutrition nutritional status of hospitalized patients.