Comparison of right and left common carotid arteries of horses and mules by two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler flow / Comparação das artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda dos gêneros de equinos e muares por ultrassonografia bidimensional e Dopplerfluxométrico

In ultrasonography, the bi-dimensional mode (B-mode) allows the morphological and morphometric evaluation of several types of organs and tissues, while the Doppler mode allows the hemodynamic evaluation. In humans, the Doppler evaluation is routinely used in the assessment of important arteries and veins, such as the carotid arteries and jugular veins, with significant differences between genres and sides. However, in veterinary medicine, this diagnostic method is not yet well established in the evaluation of the carotid arteries, with only few reports in domestic horses. This study aims to compare the right and left common carotid arteries of domestic horses and mules using bi-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound evaluation. The common carotid arteries from 10 domestic horses (five males and five females) and 10 mules (five males and five females) were evaluated. The following variables were measured at three different portions (cranial, middle and caudal): diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV) and final diastolic velocity (fDV). No significant differences were observed in the bi-dimensional variables (diameter and IMT) between the common carotid arteries of horses and mules, regardless of gender (p>0.05). In Doppler mode, there were no significant differences between carotid values in male and female horses (p> 0.05). In the mules, it was only possible to observe differences between the RI and PI values (p<0.05), being higher on the left side (0.81 and 2.04 respectively), and the fDV (p<0.05) higher, on the right side (14.35) in males. As for females, there was only in fDV (p<0.05), with the upper right side (23.16). Diameters and IMT do not differ between sides in horses and mules in B-mode ultrasound. Spectral Doppler in horses does not differ between sides, regardless of gender. As for mules, males differ in RI, PI and fDV between sides, while females differ only in fDV.(AU)

Na ultrassonografia, o modo bidimensional (modo B) permite a avaliação morfológica e morfométrica de vários tipos de órgãos e tecidos, enquanto o modo Doppler permite a avaliação hemodinâmica. Em humanos, a avaliação com Doppler é usada rotineiramente na avaliação de artérias e veias importantes, como as artérias carótidas e veias jugulares, com diferenças significativas entre gêneros e lados. No entanto, em medicina veterinária, este método diagnóstico ainda não está bem estabelecido na avaliação das artérias carótidas, com apenas poucos relatos em equinos domésticos. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar as artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda de equinos e mulas domésticos, utilizando a avaliação bidimensional (modo B) e por ultrassonografia Doppler espectral. Avaliaram-se as artérias carótidas comuns de 10 equinos domésticos (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) e 10 mulas (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas). As seguintes variáveis foram medidas em três porções diferentes (cranial, médio e caudal): diâmetro, espessura íntima-média (IMT), índice de resistividade (RI), índice de pulsatilidade (PI), pico de velocidade sistólica (pSV) e velocidade diastólica final (fDV). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis bidimensionais (diâmetro e IMT) entre as artérias carótidas comuns de cavalos e muares, independentemente do gênero (p>0,05). No modo Doppler, não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores para carótidas em equinos machos e fêmeas (p>0,05). Nos muares, só foi possível observar diferenças entre os valores de RI e PI (p<0,05), sendo maiores no lado esquerdo (0,81 e 2,04 respectivamente), e o fDV (p<0,05) superior no lado direito (14,35) nos machos. Quanto as fêmeas, houve apenas no fDV (p<0,05), sendo o lado direito superior (23,16). Os diâmetros e IMT não diferem entre os lados em equinos e muares na ultrassonografia modo B. Já o Doppler espectral nos equinos não difere entre os lados, independentemente do gênero. Quanto aos muares, os machos diferenciam no IR, IP e fDV entre os lados, enquanto as fêmeas apenas para fDV.(AU)

Feasibility in the echocardiographic estimation of parameters of the right ventricle in prone position / Factibilidad en la estimación ecocardiográfica de parámetros del ventrículo derecho en posición prono

Abstract Background: Echocardiographic cardiac parameters in the prone position are usually obtained with an esophageal probe. The feasibility of obtaining them by means of a transthoracic approach is unknown. Objective: Estimating the feasibility to obtain parameters of the right ventricle by transthoracic echocardiography in prone position on the subject. Methods: Pilot design of consecutive case series without cardiopulmonary disease. Demographic, vital signs and echocardiographic variables were defined in the ventral initial, prone and ventral final decubitus positions. The data are shown with averages and standard deviations, and frequencies and percentages according to the variable. The differences between the positions were calculated with ANOVA of repeated samples and adjustment of Bonferroni test. Intra-subject variability was obtained by the Bland-Altman procedure and its 95% confidence interval. Results: We studied 50 subjects, 44 (88%) males, age 30 ± 6 years and body mass index 25.65 ± 2.71 kg/m2. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and S'-wave were measured 100% of the time. The vital signs and echocardiographic variables according to the position had differences in: heart rate (74 ± 9 vs. 77 ± 9 vs. 75 ± 8 beats/min), partial oxygen saturation (94.40 ± 1.70 vs. 96.64 ± 1.79 vs. 95.32 ± 1.36%) and mean systemic blood pressure (65.33 ± 5.38 vs. 67.69 ± 6.31 vs. 65.29 ± 5.62 mmHg); TAPSE (19.74 ± 3.24 vs. 21.60 ± 2.97 vs. 19.44 ± 2.84 mm), mean difference (bias) 0 (2, -2.0) and S'-wave (13.52 ± 1.87 vs. 15.02 ± 2.09 vs. 13.46 ± 1.55 cm/s), mean difference (bias) -0.46 (1.21, -2.14) respectively. Conclusions: Obtaining right ventricle parameters by transthoracic ecocardiopraphy is feasible in the prone position.

Resumen Introducción: Los parámetros cardiacos ecocardiográficos en posición de decúbito prono usualmente se obtienen con sonda esofágica. Se desconoce la factibilidad de obtenerlos mediante aproximación transtorácica. Objetivo: Estimar la factibilidad para obtener parámetros del ventrículo derecho mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica en el sujeto en posición de decúbito prono. Métodos: Diseño piloto de serie de casos consecutivos sin enfermedad cardiopulmonar. Se acotaron variables demográficas, signos vitales y ecocardiográficas en posición decúbito ventral inicial, prono y ventral final. Los datos se muestran con promedios y desviaciones estándar, y frecuencias y porcentajes de acuerdo con la variable. La diferencia entre las posiciones se calculó con ANOVA de muestras repetidas y ajuste de Bonferroni. Se obtuvo la variabilidad intrasujetos mediante el procedimiento de Bland-Altman y su intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 sujetos, 44 (88%) masculinos, edad 30 ± 6 años e índice de masa corporal 25.65 ± 2.71 kg/m2. El TAPSE (excursión sistólica del plano del anillo tricuspídeo) y la onda S' se midieron en el 100% de las veces. Los signos vitales y variables ecocardiográficas de acuerdo con la posición tuvieron diferencias en: frecuencia cardiaca (74 ± 9 vs. 77 ± 9 vs. 75 ± 8 lpm), saturación parcial de oxígeno (94.40 ± 1.70 vs. 96.64 ± 1.79 vs. 95.32 ± 1.36%) y la presión arterial sistémica media (65.33 ± 5.38 vs. 67.69 ± 6.31 vs. 65.29 ± 5.62 mmHg); TAPSE (19.74 ± 3.24 vs. 21.60 ± 2.97 vs. 19.44 vs. 2.84 mm), diferencia media (sesgo) 0 (2, -2.0) y onda S' (13.52 ± 1.87 vs. 15.02 ± 2.09 vs. 13.46 ± 1.55 cm/s), diferencia media (sesgo) -0.46 (1.21, -2.14) respectivamente. Conclusión: En posición de decúbito prono es factible obtener parámetros del ventrículo derecho por ecocardiografía transtorácica.

Osteopetrose: relato de caso e diagnóstico por imagem / Osteopetrosis: a case report and diagnostic image

Objetivo: descrever um caso de síndrome de osteopetrose em um paciente de três anosde idade, sexo feminino, enfatizando o diagnostico por imagem. Método: os dadosforam obtidos por meio de registro fotográfico, anamnese e exame físico, revisão deprontuário e consulta à literatura por meio de livros, periódicos e bases de dadosMEDLINE e LILACS. Considerações finais: este caso mostra a importância dosmétodos de imagem no diagnóstico dessa malformação.

Objective: to describe a case osteopetrosis syndrome in the patient three years of age andfemales emphasizing in diagnostic imaging. Methods: the data were obtained throughphotographic record, anamnesis and physical examination, review of medical records andconsulting the literature through books, journals and databases Medline e lilac. Final considerations: this case shows the importance of methods of image in diagnostic ofmalformation

Ressonância magnética no diagnóstico do câncer de boca: revisão da literatura e relato de caso / MRI in the diagnosis of mouth cancer: review and case report

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura concernente à utilização da ressonância nuclear magnética no estadiamento do câncer de boca e apresentar caso de neoplasia maligna onde a RNM contribuiu para a detecção da lesão em tecidos moles. RESULTADO E DISCUSSÃO: A RNM é a ferramenta de imagem que evolui com maior rapidez em diagnóstico na área de saúde. Suas vantagens principais são a alta resolução dos tecidos moles e ausência de risco biológico aos pacientes. Com estas qualidades, pode ser usada para detalhar a anatomia, permitindo melhor estadiamento das lesões no câncer bucal, contribuindo igualmente para o diagnóstico precoce de possíveis recidivas. No caso apresentado(neoplasia maligna de pequeno tamanho), a RNM contribuiu para a detecção da lesão em tecidos moles, na extensão da lesão e no planejamento cirúrgico.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature about cancer staging by using magnetic resonance image (MRI) and to present a case to illustrate the utility of this image diagnosis tool. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: MRI is the fastest evolving imaging tool for diagnosis in health area. Its main advantages include a high detail resolution soft tissue and no biological risks to patients. Thus, it can be used to evaluate the detailed anatomy of structures, allowing better staging for treatment of patients with oral cavity cancer as well as better assessment of possible post-surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy changes. Early detection of relapses is also a key advantage, which might lead to appropriate monitoring, and protocols that could greatly improve patients’welfare. The present case study illustrates the difference between the CT scan and MRI in the analysis of a small lesion, where CT scan yielded no information on clinical staging while MRI was decisive in the soft tissue injury view, extent of lesion and adequate surgical planning.

Analysis of radiological features relative to pathology in pelvic chondrosarcoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To Explore the imaging features relative to pathology of pelvic chondrosarcoma and to evaluate the clinical value.Methods All 12 cases patients with primary pelvic chondrosarcoma confirmed by pathological examination underwent radiography,spiral CT plain scanning,MR SE-T1WI,FSE-T2WI and SE-Tl WI enhancement scanning before operation.The imaging data was reviewed and analyzed retrospectively to compare with surgical and pathological results.Results Eleven conventional chondrosarcoma and one dedifierentiated chondrosarcoma were located in different parts of pelvis.The diameters of the tumors ranged from 4.7 to 17.0 cm with one case less than 5.0 cm,6 cases being 5.O-10.0 am and 5 cases more than 10.0 Cln.The CT valHe of 5 cases was identical or inferior to muscle with mild to moderate"ring-and-arc"mineralization and soft mass.MR imaging depict the high water content of these lesions as very high signal intensity was detected on T2 WI.Six cases showed typical"ring-and-arc"fibrous tissue which enhanced persistently.Aggressive features of deep endosteal scalloping and soft-tissue extension was also found in these cases.Conclusions Radiographic findings Can suggest the diagnosis of pelvic chondrosarcoma when there is typical"ring-and.arc"fibrous tissue,mineralization,aggressive features of deep endosteal scalloping and large soft-tissue extension.MR imaging reflect directly this pathologic structure,superior to that of CT and radiography.CT is optimal to detect the matrix mineralization,particularly when it is subtle or when the lesion is located in anatomically complex pelvic areas.

Manifestation of clinical imageology and surgical treatment of the sacral epidural cystis(18 cases and literature summary) / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To analyze the clinical diagnosis and therapic level,the clinical manifestation,image manifestation and surgical treatment of the sacral epidural cystis.[Method]Eighteen cases with the sacral epidural cystis were analyzed retrospectively,17 cases(95%)with dull pain of the lumbosacral area,16 cases(90%)with radiated pain of the lower limbs and intermittent limping,14 cases(77%)with functional lesion of the nerves,2 cases(11%)with tumor of pelvic,cavity or hypogastrium.All of them were taken AP views of X-ray,17 cases taken two-dimentional CT scannings,11 cases taken MRI,7 cases taken myelography and 4 cases taken CTM scannings.[Result]The rate of the error diagnosis was 78% in the clinic,while the success diagnosis rate was 17% in the X-ray,72% in the CT,100% in the MRI,myelography and CTM.The exairesis were done in all the 18 cases,and the epidural cystis were diagnosed in pathology.No reoccurrance was found at 15~32 months follow-up.[Conclusion]There are characteristic changes in the imageology and clinic of the sacral epidural cystis.Using minimall invasive surgery(laparoscope vertebroscope and epiduroscopy)has no confirm result till now.Microsurgical techniques contribute to the improvement of the total removal rates for the intraspinal tumors.So operation is reliable method to treat this disease and to prevent its recurring.

Development of Medical LED Viewbox in High Performance and Energy Efficiency / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a new kind of high efficiency and energy efficiency viewbox for medical diagnostic image.Methods By constructing an array of many LED with super bright white light to form viewbox of arrangement reasonable and brightness symmetrical.Results Through all contrast with application in many sorts LED,different permutation and combination and controlling current,its design requirements can be achieved at last.Conclusion The surface-intensity lights and even-degree of the viewbox can satisfy the needs of medical diagnostic image and it is a new kind of high performance and energy-saving viewer.