The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for mental disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), as an important representative of the " third wave" of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), has been paid more attention. Since the publication of the treatment manual in 1993, DBT has been widely spread in several treatment settings, including outpatient, community, and inpatient settings, and has been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of various mental disorders. In recent years, more and more studies have proved that DBT has a clear effect on a variety of mental disorders and psychological and behavioral problems, especially the clinical problems related to emotion regulation. This article summarizes and evaluates the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of mental disorders and discusses the limitations of the current research and the future development direction.

Preliminary outcomes from a single-session, asynchronous, online stress and anxiety management workshop for college students

Abstract Objectives Self-guided, asynchronous, online interventions may provide college students access to evidence-based care, while mitigating barriers like limited hours of service. Thus, we examined the preliminary effectiveness of a 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-informed stress and anxiety management workshop. College undergraduates (n = 131) were randomized to either workshop (n = 65) or waitlist control (n = 66) conditions. Methods Participants in the workshop condition completed baseline measures of depression, stress, and anxiety, before completing the workshop. Participants in the waitlist control condition only completed the baseline measures. All participants were reassessed at 1-week follow-up. Results Controlling for baseline measures, students in the workshop condition experienced significantly less stress and greater self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety at follow-up, compared to waitlist controls. Conclusion A 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online DBT skills-informed stress and anxiety management workshop may reduce stress and improve self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety.

Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Introduction The effects of dialectical behavior therapy on generalized anxiety disorder have not been examined to date, whereas cognitive behavioral therapy is a well-known psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Objectives This study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Method In the present study, 72 generalized anxiety disorder patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: dialectical behavior therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Evaluations were performed at baseline, post-test, and three months after interventions as a follow-up. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Tower of London Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.Results: The results of the present study showed that both groups had reduced scores for depression and anxiety and increased scores for executive function after the psychotherapies. These changes were maintained at follow-up. Conclusion Although depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy was more effective for improving executive function.

Application of dialectical behavior therapy in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy （DBT） in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavioral therapy， in order to provide a reference for the intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescents in China. NSSI behavior is a common mental health threat for adolescents. In recent years， it has become a mental health problem that cannot be ignored worldwide. At present， psychotherapy is mainly used for NSSI behavior. Increasing evidence shows that DBT is effective in reducing NSSI behavior. This article summarizes the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of NSSI behavior by describing the risk factors of NSSI behavior， an overview of DBT and the efficacy of DBT in the application of NSSI.

Advances in the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in the treatment of non-suicidal self-injury： evidence from brain function imaging / 四川精神卫生

This paper intends to systematically review the efficacy and imaging related studies of dialectical behavior therapy （DBT） in the treatment of non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI）， so as to provide references for DBT treatment of NSSI. NSSI has a very high incidence in the population and is a major threat to the physical and mental health of adolescents. DBT shows certain advantages in the treatment of NSSI. Previous studies have preliminarily revealed the neurological effects of DBT treatment on patients， which provides an important objective basis for the efficacy of DBT treatment. In this paper， the efficacy of DBT in the treatment of NSSI and the brain imaging evidence are described and discussed， so as to provide references for the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of NSSI.

Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010).

Problematic and adaptive eating in people with obesity after a DBT-based skills training intervention: 3- and 8-month follow-up and mediation analysis

Abstract Background: Dialectical behavior therapy conceptualizes problematic behaviors as attempts to regulate emotions that occur when the individual lacks effective skills with which to manage his or her emotions and cope with distress. Problematic eating behaviors, e.g., binge and emotional eating, may serve to alleviate aversive emotional states, being highly associated with overweight and obesity. Dialectical behavior therapy skills training has been proven effective in reducing binge eating in several clinical studies. However, few studies reveal the effects of DBT on adaptive eating behaviors or the stability of outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to test the effect of a brief DBT-based skills training intervention, and the stability of outcomes at 3- and 8-month follow-ups. Methods: Self-report measures of binge eating, emotional eating, intuitive eating, and mindful eating were taken on 5 timepoints before and after a 10-session DBT skills training intervention (2 baseline measures, 1 post-test, and 2 follow-ups). Data were analyzed using a mixed-model intention-to-treat approach and mediation analysis was conducted with path analysis. Results: After the intervention, intuitive eating and mindful eating scores were significantly higher than before the intervention, while emotional eating and binge eating scores were lower. The results remained stable during the follow-up period, with minor fluctuations and small trends towards returning to baseline values for binge eating and emotional eating. Mindful eating partially mediated the improvements in all outcomes. Limitations: Given that results are entirely based on self-report measures and that some instruments showed poor reliability, in addition to the high attrition rates, the results should be interpreted as preliminary. Conclusions: The results provide evidence that a brief DBT intervention is effective not only in reducing problematic eating but also in increasing adaptive eating, achieving reasonably stable results. Also, the mediation analysis results support the hypothesis that mindful eating partially explains the effects of the intervention on binge and emotional eating. Future research should address the limitations of this study by investigating a more diverse sample, triangulating different measurement strategies, and including other putative mediators.

Efectividad de la terapia conductual dialéctica en pacientes con trastorno de personalidad limítrofe en Santiago de Chile / Dialectical behavior therapy effectiveness for borderline disorder personality in Santiago de Chile

Resumen Más de la mitad de los pacientes con trastorno de personalidad limítrofe (TPL) han realizado al menos un intento suicida durante su vida y el 70% ha tenido al menos una hospitalización psiquiátrica. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia Conductual Dialéctica (TCD) en pacientes con trastorno de personalidad limítrofe. Método: A través de un diseño observacional retrospectivo se evaluó el número de intentos suicidas, el número de hospitalizaciones psiquiátricas y el impacto clínico previo al tratamiento con TCD y posterior a éste. Se analizó la información disponible de 144 pacientes de la Unidad de Terapia Conductual Dialéctica del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital del Salvador, de Santiago de Chile, entre los años 2006-2012. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de registros electrónicos, análisis de ficha clínica, mediante el cuestionario OQ-45.2 y contacto telefónico. Resultados: En cuanto a los resultados, a través del método estadístico de Wilcoxon, se demostró una diferencia significativa (p = 0,000) en el número de hospitalizaciones psiquiátricas pre y post tratamiento, una disminución (p = 0,000) del número de intentos suicidas posterior al tratamiento y mejoría en los puntajes del cuestionario OQ-45.2. Conclusión: La TCD fue efectiva en disminuir las 3 variables estudiadas en la población escogida.

More than half of patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder have made at least one suicide attempt during their lifetime and 70% have been admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in patients with borderline personality disorder. Methods: Using a retrospective observational design, the number of suicide attempt and psychiatric hospitalizations was measured pre and post DBT treatment. Data from 144 patients from Dialectical Behavior Therapy Unit at Hospital Salvador in Santiago de Chile was analyzed during 2006 and 2012. The data were gathered from electronic files of clinical records, a OQ-45.2 questionnaire and telephone calls. Results: The Wilcoxon statistical test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000) in the number of psychiatric hospitalizations pre and post-treatment, as well as a reduction (p = 0.000) in the number of post-treatment suicide attempt. Conclusion: The Dialectical Behavior Therapy was effective in the 3 studied events in the selected population.

Relação terapêutica com pacientes borderlines na terapia comportamental dialética / Therapeutic relationship with borderline patients in dialectical behavior therapy / Relación terapéutica con pacientes borderline en la terapia dialéctica conductual

A relação terapêutica tem sido destacada como um dos principais fatores relativos a regulação emocional em pacientes com Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline (TPB). A Terapia Comportamental Dialética (TCD) coloca a relação terapêutica como um de seus pilares terapêuticos devido ao uso da relação como forma de persuasão e modificação de comportamentos desadaptadivos. Diversos estudos têm indicado que esta tem sido uma abordagem eficaz no tratamento do TPB e atualmente é o tratamento de primeira linha de escolha. Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar a relação terapêutica com pacientes borderlines na TCD por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Foram observados fatores essenciais da relação terapêutica como a empatia, proteção, cuidado, flexibilidade, versatilidade, congruência e compromisso. Embora esses fatores devam estar presentes em toda relação terapêutica, no TPB requerem atenção especial. A TCD demonstra articular os fatores da relação terapêutica de modo a contribuir para um maior engajamento do paciente no tratamento

The therapeutic relationship has been highlighted as one of the main factors related to emotional regulation in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) sets the therapeutic relationship as one of its therapeutic pillars due to the use of the relationship as a means of persuasion and change maladaptive behavior. Several studies have indicated that this has been an effective approach in the treatment of BPD and is currently the first-line treatment of choice. This study aims to explore the therapeutic relationship with borderline patients in TCD through a literature reviewed. Observing essential factors of the therapeutic relationship such as empathy, protection, care, flexibility, versatility, consistency and commitment. While these factors must be present in every therapeutic relationship, the TPB require special attention. The TCD demonstrates articulate the factors of the therapeutic relationship in order to contribute to greater patient engagement in treatment

La relación terapéutica se ha destacado como uno de los principales factores relacionados con la regulación emocional en los pacientes con trastorno de personalidad borderline (TPB). La terapia dialéctica conductual (TDC) pone la relación terapéutica como uno de sus pilares terapéuticos debido a la utilización de la relación como medio de persuasión y modificación de comportamientos inadaptados. Varios estudios han indicado que éste ha sido un enfoque eficaz en el tratamiento del TPB y actualmente es el tratamiento de primera línea de elección. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación terapéutica con los pacientes borderline na TDC a través de una revisión de la literatura. Se observaron factores esenciales de la relación terapéutica como la empatía, la protección, el cuidado, la flexibilidad, versatilidad, congruencia y compromiso. Si bien estos factores deben estar presentes en toda relación terapéutica, en el TPB requiere una atención especial. La TDC demuestra articular los factores de la relación terapéutica con el fin de contribuir a una mayor participación del paciente en el tratamiento

Terapia comportamental dialética: um protocolo comportamental ou cognitivo? / Dialectical behavior therapy: a behavioral or cognitive protocol?

A terapia comportamental dialética (DBT) é um protocolo clínico inicialmente desenvolvido para o tratamento de comportamentos suicidas e parassuicidas, e posteriormente estendido para algumas psicopatologias, como o transtorno da personalidade borderline. O tratamento envolve a aprendizagem de comportamentos pré-requisitos, divididos nos estágios (1) “alcançando as habilidades básicas”, (2) “redução do estresse pós-traumático” e (3) “resolvendo problemas de vida e aumentando o respeito próprio”. O presente artigo analisa se, e em que medida, a DBT preenche os critérios filosófico-aplicados de inclusão nas terapias baseadas na análise do comportamento. Para isso analisou sua concepção filosófica de base, bem como as estratégias de avaliação e intervenção. Argumentou-se que o embasamento filosófico adotado se aproxima do behaviorismo, devido a sua definição de comportamento, concepção de causas e de seleção. Foram identificadas também estratégias de avaliação e intervenção, com foco na aceitação e na mudança, baseadas em análises funcionais, no reforçamento e na modelagem para a aprendizagem de novas habilidades...

The dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a clinical protocol originally developed for the treatment of suicidal and parasuicidal behaviors, and later extended to psychopathology as the borderline personality disorder. Treatment involves learning prerequisites behaviors, divided in stages (1) “attaining basic capacities” (2) “reducing postttraumatic stress” and (3) “increasing self-respect and achieving individual goals”. This article examines whether and how DBT meet the philosophical and applied criteria for inclusion in therapies based on behavior analysis. We revised philosophical conception basis as well as the assessment and intervention strategies. It is argued that the philosophical foundation approaches behaviorism, due to its behavior definition, conceptions of causes and selection. We also identified assessment and intervention strategies, focusing on acceptance and change, based on functional analysis, reinforcement and shaping for learning new skills...

Teoria e eficácia da terapia comportamental dialética na bulimia nervosa e no transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica / Theory and efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

OBJETIVOS: Procura-se analisar as atuais evidências empíricas e teóricas sobre o modo de operar nas intervenções comportamentais dialéticas. Procedeu-se igualmente à análise da eficácia dessa terapia no tratamento da bulimia nervosa e no transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma revisão agregativa da literatura, recorrendo às palavras-chave "dialectical behavior therapy", "bulimia nervosa" e "binge eating disorder" nas bases de dados PsycInfo e MedLine e em livros da especialidade, sob o critério da atualidade e premência das publicações levantadas. RESULTADOS: A terapia comportamental dialética, inicialmente desenhada para o transtorno de personalidade borderline, tem-se estendido a outros transtornos do eixo I. Sua aplicação às perturbações alimentares sustentase num paradigma dialético com o recurso das estratégias comportamentais e cognitivas. Esse modelo permite aos pacientes uma regulação mais efetiva dos estados afetivos negativos, reduzindo a probabilidade da ocorrência de comportamentos bulímicos e de compulsão alimentar periódica. CONCLUSÃO: Embora escasseiem estudos sobre a sua eficácia, os resultados existentes parecem comprovar a eficácia da terapia comportamental dialética nas populações descritas.

OBJECTIVES: Current theoretical and empirical evidences on how to operate in dialectical behavioral interventions were examined. The effectiveness of these interventions in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder were analyzed too. METHOD: An aggregative literature review was made, using the keywords "dialectical behavior therapy", "bulimia nervosa" and "binge eating disorder", from the database PsycInfo and MedLine and from reference books, selecting the most representative and recent scientific texts about this psychotherapy model. RESULTS: Dialectical behavior therapy, initially designed for borderline personality disorder, has been extended to other disorders of Axis I. Its application to eating disorders is sustained in a dialectic paradigm, using also behavioral and cognitive strategies. This model allows to patients a more effective regulation of negative emotional states, reducing the likelihood of occurrence of bulimic and binge behaviors. CONCLUSION: Despite the few studies published about his efficacy, the existing results seem to show dialectical behavior therapy effectiveness with populations described.

Terapia conductual dialéctica / Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Introducción: Un importante aporte de la terapia cognoscitivo-comportamental al área clínica es la terapia conductual dialéctica (TCD), desarrollada a finales de los años noventa por la psiquiatra Marsha Linehan, como respuesta a las dificultades en el tratamiento del trastorno de personalidad limítrofe (TPL). Se destaca su carácter integrador, pues se basa en principios conductuales y cognoscitivos e incorpora elementos del zen. Es un tratamiento desarrollado y evaluado con mujeres que no sólo presentaban TPL, sino que, además, tenían historias de intentos de suicidio. La TCD resulta muy útil en el tratamiento de depresión, ansiedad, trastornos del control de los impulsos, ira e impulsividad. Objetivo: Presentar el origen y el desarrollo de la TCD. Desarrollo: La TCD usa técnicas que se centran en el cambio conductual, con estrategias de aceptación o de validación, subrayando que la aceptación no excluye el cambio (componente dialéctico). Estas tres estrategias (cambio, aceptación y comprensión dialéctica) y las teorías en las cuales se basan son los pilares de la TCD. Se describen las estrategias de intervención (nucleares, dialécticas, estilísticas y de dirección de caso), en las cuatro modalidades de tratamiento: terapia individual, contacto telefónico, entrenamiento grupal en habilidades y consulta del terapeuta; así como los estadios del tratamiento y las metas de cada uno de ellos. Finalmente, se revisa la evidencia empírica de este abordaje clínico.

Introduction: One of the most interesting developments of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the clinical area is the Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. Dr. Marsha Linehan (M.D. Psychiatrist) was looking for answers in the treatment of borderline personality disorders (BPD), and ended up designing a treatment program for this condition. It has an integral approach that uses behavioral and cognitive principles, adding oriental Zen elements. It is therefore a Cognitive Behavioral treatment developed and evaluated in women suffering from BPD and with a history of non-fatal suicide attempts. It is a very useful in the treatment of other pathologies, such as anxiety, depression and impulse control disorder, as well as in the management of behavioral diffi culties such as rage and impulsivity. Objective: To present the origin and development of DBT. Development: DBT uses techniques focused on behavioral change, with strategies of acceptance o validation of the actual behavior. This last component is the dialectical one implying that validation and acceptance do NOT excludes change. DBT has four different intervention strategies: nuclear, dialectical, stylistic and case direction. And four intervention modalities: individual therapy, telephone calls, ability group training and case consultation, organized in stages with specifi c treatment goals. Empirical evidence for this clinical approach is revised.