ABSTRACT
Various therapeutic approaches have been used to improve depressive symptoms in substance abusers. In a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and experimental and control groups, we examined and compared the effectiveness of two group-based treatment strategiescognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)in reducing depressive symptoms among Iranian women substance abusers. The statistical population included all female addict patients who referred to addiction treatment centers of Birjand city in 2015. A sample of 30 subjects were selected through the available sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental (CBT and DBT) and control groups (each group, 10 patients). The data collection instrument was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. The patients in the experimental groups were given skills in eight sessions of 90 min. The data were analyzed by the SPSS-19 software by using mean, standard deviation, and percentages at the descriptive level and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test at the inferential level. The comparison of the mean depression score before intervention in all the groups showed no significant difference. However, after intervention, the findings showed that both CBT and DBT interventions could reduce the mean scores of depression in women substance abusers, 17.5 ± 3.0 vs 29.3 ± 4.1 (F[1,17] = 51.91, p value < 0.01) and 14.7 ± 1.8 vs 29.3 ± 4.1 (F[1,17] = 106.62, p value < 0.01), respectively, for CBT and DBT. Post-treatment effect sizes were large and did not differ statistically for CBT (ηp2, 0.75) and DBT (ηp2, 0.86). Therefore, this study highlights the importance of CBT and DBT skills training to substance abusers and provides initial evidence of their effectiveness.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Depression/rehabilitation , Psychotherapy/methods , IranABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar y analizar la relación entre emociones, sentimientos y estados de ánimo con el comportamiento, principalmente el alimentario, en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Participaron 43 mujeres, de entre 14 y 45 años de edad (M= 19.8, DE= 6.8), 19 con el diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa, 22 con bulimia nerviosa, y dos con trastorno por atracón). Todas asistían a un programa ambulatorio intensivo. Con base en una metodología cualitativa, se analizaron los contenidos de una sesión de terapia grupal conductual dialéctica. Frente a emociones negativas, se observó que estas pacientes —independientemente del tipo de TCA— usan preferentemente estrategias de supresión más que de reinterpretación. Específicamente, las pacientes con anorexia nerviosa suelen afrontar las emociones negativas con base en la expresión de síntomas restrictivos; mientras que aquellas con síntomas bulímicos, lo realizan a través de atracones y/o purgas. Fue notoria la dificultad de todas las pacientes para nombrar y discriminar sus emociones, o asociarlas con sus comportamientos maladaptativos. El tratamiento de los TCA requiere del uso de técnicas terapéuticas enfocadas a fortalecer en estas pacientes la tolerancia al malestar inducido por emociones negativas, pero que además promuevan la reinterpretación de estas.
The aim of this article was to explore and analyze the relationship between emotions, feelings and moods, with eating behavior and other behaviors in patients with eating disorders (ED). A total of 43 women aged among 14 to 45 years (M= 19.8, SD= 6.8), 19 were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 22 with bulimia nervosa and two with binge eating disorder. All participants attended to an ambulatory intensive program. Based on a qualitative methodology, it was analyzed the content of a dialectical behavior therapy group session. Before negative emotions it was observed that patients —regardless of the ED diagnostic— preferentially use suppression strategies rather than re-appraisal. Specifically, patients with anorexia nervosa tend to face negative emotions based on the expression of restrictive symptoms while bulimic ones tend to binge and/or purge. It was notorious the difficulty of all patients to name and discriminate emotions or associate them with maladaptive behaviors. ED treatment requires therapeutic techniques aimed to strength tolerance when discomfort is induced by negative emotions, but also promoting re-appraisal of these emotions.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El trastorno de personalidad limítrofe es uno de los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes en poblaciones clínicas; sin embargo, aunque en la actualidad se dispone de una serie de abordajes tanto farmacológicos como psicoterapéuticos, la adherencia a los tratamientos no es adecuada. Tratando de mejorar dicha adherencia, Marsha Linehan y su equipo de colaboradores diseñaron la terapia conductual dialéctica como una modificación de la terapia cognitiva comportamental estándar. Objetivo: Revisar las bases teóricas y los principios fundamentales de la terapia conductual dialéctica, así como la evidencia clínica disponible sobre su efectividad para el tratamiento de los pacientes con trastorno de personalidad limítrofe. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Desarrollo y conclusiones: La terapia conductual dialéctica fue el primer tratamiento psicoterapéutico para pacientes con trastorno de personalidad limítrofe que demostró efectividad en ensayos clínicos controlados, especialmente en el manejo de las conductas autolesivas y en la adherencia al tratamiento.
Introduction: Borderline personality disorder is one of the most frequent personality disorders in clinical populations. However, although currently a series of both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches is available, treatment compliance is inadequate. Trying to improve compliance Marsha Linehan and her collaborators designed a dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) as a modification of the standard cognitive behavioral therapy. Objective: To review the theoretical bases and fundamental principles of DBT, as well as the clinical evidence available on its efficacy in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: Narrative review of literature. Development and conclusions: DBT was the first psychotherapeutic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder that showed its efficacy in controlled clinical trials, especially regarding the management of self-injury behaviors and treatment compliance.