Quantitative determination of selected heavy metals and micronutrients in branded dairy products sold in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

Quantitative analysis of heavy metals and nutrients in food helps indicate the safety and quality of food for final consumers. The present study was conducted to assess the presence of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, mercury, chromium, and lead) and the nutritional value of calcium in branded milk and yogurt to evaluate health risks for consumers. Ten (10) samples of branded milk and dairy products manufactured in Nigeria were purchased. The metal contents of the samples were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of calcium in the milk samples were between 9.33 ± 0.0023 and 18 ± 0.0071 ppm and were detected in all samples. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.45 ± 0.00042 to 2.48 ± 0.00064 ppm in eight branded samples but were undetected in two samples. Chromium levels were undetected in most samples, except for two with concentrations of 0.12±0.00049 ppm and 0.23±0.00021 ppm, respectively. Copper ranged from 0.032±0.00021 ppm to 0.129±0.00021 ppm in six samples. Mercury levels were detected in six samples at a concentration of 1.0±1.0 ppm. Lead concentrations ranged from 0.15±0.00064 to 0.29±0.00028 ppm in three samples. The study found heavy metals above the ideal concentration in branded milk and dairy products in Nigeria, highlighting the need for quality control measures during production to prevent contamination.

On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients in Court in Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Famous Doctors’ Diary / 中国医学伦理学

In Qing Dynasty, doctor-patient relationship in the imperial court had distinct characteristics because of the particularity of the objects of diagnosis and treatment. Diaries of famous doctors has become an important research material from a unique perspective. Ji En Lu and Bei Xing Ri Ji contain many research materials on doctor-patient relationship in Qing Palace. By systematically sorting out the contents of the royal doctor-patient relationship in the two diaries, and analyzing them in detail from the three dimensions of doctors, patients and diagnosis and treatment situations, it can be known that patients’ strong performance will interfere with the diagnosis and treatment process to a great extent, and doctors’ low status makes it difficult for them to cope with the complicated diagnosis and treatment environment and affects the curative effect. Learn from the past and the present, further provide reference for the current patient strong special doctor-patient relationship.

Utilização do diário de quedas como ferramenta de monitoramento das quedas em pessoas com doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática / Use of fall diary as a fall monitoring tool in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review

As quedas em pessoas com Doença de Parkinson (DP) são fatores limitantes e incapacitantes, sua compreensão é complexa dada a natureza multifatorial. Neste contexto uma ferramenta, o diário de quedas, pode ser alternativa significante na compreensão deste evento. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do diário de quedas como ferramenta de monitoramento das quedas em pessoas com DP. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura que teve a seguinte questão norteadora: o diário de quedas é uma ferramenta adequada para monitorar as quedas em pessoas com DP? A busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane Library foi realizada entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2022. A revisão foi registrada na plataforma PROSPERO sob o número de registro: CRD42018099127. Resultados: 192 estudos foram recuperados nas bases de dados, após adoção dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 6 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, a variável diário de quedas foi descrita sumariamente nos estudos analisados e extraído informações do que deveria conter em um diário de quedas. Conclusão: A análise permitiu concluir que os diários de quedas são ferramentas importantes para registro e compreensão do evento queda em pessoas com DP, no entanto, carecem de padronização

Falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are limiting and disabling factors, their understanding is complex given their multifactorial nature. In this context, a tool, the fall diary, can be a significant alternative in understanding this event. Objective: Evaluate the use of the fall diary as a tool to monitor falls in people with PD. Methods: This is a systematic literature review that had the following guiding question: is the fall diary an adequate tool to monitor falls in people with PD? The search in Pubmed, Medline, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was carried out between January and March 2022. The review was registered on the PROSPERO platform under registration number: CRD42018099127. Results: A total of 192 studies were retrieved from the databases, after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 studies were included in this review, the daily variable of falls was briefly described in the analyzed studies and information was extracted from what it should contain in a falls diary. Conclusion: The analysis allowed us to conclude that fall diaries are important tools for recording and understanding the fall event in people with PD, however, they lack standardization

O papel dos diários intestinais na consulta de gastrenterologia / The role of bowel diaries in a "real-life" setting

ABSTRACT Background Despite the potential advantages of patients' self-recordings of bowel habits in lower digestive disorders, few studies evaluate the relevance of clinical information obtained through bowel diaries in clinical practice. Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of bowel diaries as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in lower gastrointestinal disorders consultations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, at the end of their gastroenterology consultation, patients were questioned about their bowel habits and gastrointestinal symptoms. The bowel diary was then filled by the patients at home for 2 weeks. The data collected from the clinical interview and from the bowel diaries were analyzed. Results Fifty-three patients participated in the study. Patients underestimated the number of their bowel movements (BM) in the interviews compared with the bowel diaries (P=0.007). There was a poor agreement between stool consistencies described in the interviews and recorded in the diaries (k=0.281). Patients overestimated their straining during evacuation in the interviews compared with the diaries (P=0.012). Regarding the subgroups' analysis, patients with proctological disorders described less BM in their interviews (P=0.033). Straining during evacuation was higher in the interviews of patients without proctological disorders (P=0.028) and in the interviews of more educated patients (P=0.028). Conclusion Overall, there were discrepancies between the clinical interview and the bowel diary regarding the number of BM, the stool consistency and straining. Bowel diaries are therefore a relevant instrument as a complement to the clinical interview to objectify patients' complaints and treat functional gastrointestinal disorders more adequately.

RESUMO Contexto: Apesar das potenciais vantagens do diário intestinal como complemento à entrevista clínica, raros estudos avaliam a relevância da informação clínica obtida a partir de diários intestinais na prática clínica. Objetivo Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o papel do diário intestinal como ferramenta diagnóstica numa consulta dedicada a patologia digestiva baixa. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, num período de 3 meses, em que no final das consultas os pacientes foram entrevistados relativamente a dados demográficos, antecedentes clínicos e hábitos e sintomas intestinais. Em seguida, foi solicitado o auto-preenchimento de um diário intestinal durante 2 semanas. Foram comparadas as respostas obtidas na entrevista clínica com os registos dos diários intestinais. Resultados: Cinquenta e três pacientes participaram no estudo. A frequência de evacuações reportada nas entrevistas clínicas e nos diários intestinais dos pacientes foi significativamente diferente (P=0,007). Verificou-se apenas uma concordância mínima entre a consistência das fezes descrita nas entrevistas e registada nos diários (κ=0,281). Em relação ao esforço evacuatório os pacientes sobrestimaram o seu esforço ao evacuar nas entrevistas (P=0,012). Adicionalmente, verificou-se que pacientes com doenças proctológicas descreveram menos evacuações nas suas entrevistas (P=0,033). A descrição do esforço durante a evacuação foi superestimada nas entrevistas de pacientes sem distúrbios proctológicos (P=0,028) e de pacientes com um nível mais elevado de educação (P=0,028). Conclusão: Globalmente verificaram-se discrepâncias entre a entrevista clínica e o diário intestinal dos pacientes em relação ao número de dejeções, à consistência das fezes e ao esforço evacuatório. Assim, esta ferramenta revelou-se uma potencial mais-valia na prática clínica diária, permitindo objetivar as queixas e consequentemente tratar os pacientes de forma mais adequada.

Study on the Development and Implementation of Electronic Patient Reported Outcome - Pharmaceutical Management System for Enhanced CINV Control - / 医薬品情報学

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can affect a patient’s quality of life and make them resistant to the treatment. We created an electronic patient reported outcome ePRO-linked pharmaceutical management system (PMS) for CINV (CINVePRO) for storing information, such as nausea and vomiting status, food intake, etc., and suggesting the type of anti-nausea medication and dosage changes to the physicians for controlling CINV.Design: At the Gifu University Hospital, the collaborative research institute, inpatients and pharmacists in charge used CINVePRO-PMS, and a questionnaire survey was done to assess the system’s reliability.Methods: The daily entry of data into CINVePRO shows the number and duration of vomiting, degree of nausea, and amount of food consumed and displays a list and graph of these data over time. The PMS enables pharmacists to list the presence or absence of nausea and the number of vomiting for all patients in their charge and record the intervention and display its list.Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 17 inpatients. All patients and pharmacists answered the questionnaire. According to the results of the questionnaire survey of patients, each screen of CINVePRO received a good evaluation that mentioned it was “easy to understand,” “easy to use,” and “especially useful for communicating one’s symptoms.” In addition, the results of a questionnaire survey of the pharmacists revealed that the system was rated as easy to check the patients’ symptoms and practical to use.Conclusion: CINVePRO-PMS was evaluated as a convenient and applicative system. However, linking CINVePRO to the electronic medical record of each hospital is necessary for sharing it among multiple professions.

The Practical Basis and Scientific Connotation of the Great Anti-epidemic Spirit: Taking Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19 as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

The great anti-epidemic spirit is a magic weapon for the Chinese people to fight against the COVID-19. Taking the Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19 as an example to explore the practical basis and scientific connotation of the great anti-epidemic spirit is of great significance for telling Chinese stories and transmitting Chinese spirit. The anti-epidemic experience described in the book reflects the professional qualities of medical staff who are people-oriented and life first in the fight against the epidemic, the overall view of respecting science and precise prevention and control by various forces in society, and the overall pattern of national unity and shared destiny in China, vividly interprets the precious connotation of the new era medical and health professional spirit.

Diários de luto: um diálogo entre psicanálise e literatura em tempos de pandemia / Mourning Diaries: a dialogue between psychoanalysis and literature amidst a pandemic

Diante do negacionismo do governo brasileiro, que levou ao aumento exponencial do número de mortos pela COVID-19, aborda-se o trabalho de luto como um elemento no contexto das catástrofes coletivas que favorece uma tomada de posição política coletiva e uma elaboração subjetiva das situações traumáticas. Destaca-se, em seguida, como o luto comparece na literatura como uma estratégia de subjetivação do que foi perdido, sobretudo por meio da escrita de diários. Com base nos elementos teóricos de Freud sobre o luto e de Ferenczi acerca da apropriação do traumático, analisam-se três livros-diários de autores que descrevem o trabalho de luto (Rolland Barthes, Boris Fausto e Neal Peart). Verifica-se nesses textos como o luto promove um rearranjo das memórias, enodando o individual e o coletivo, o exterior e o interior, convocando um testemunho. Ele também favorece uma estabilização pulsional e narcísica, possibilitando novos endereçamentos e a construção de um projeto de vida futuro. Ao final, como contraponto ao desrespeito do governo federal em relação ao luto dos que perderam familiares e amigos durante a pandemia, reforça-se o dever de reconhecer o luto, valorizá-lo e oferecer suporte para a sua realização como estratégia política de promoção da saúde mental.

Faced with the Brazilian government's negationist attitude which led to the exponential increase of deaths by COVID-19, the work of mourning is approached, in this work, as an element in the context of collective catastrophes that favors a political stance and a subjective elaboration of traumatic situations. We will then underline how mourning appears in literature as a strategy of subjectivation of what has been lost, especially through the writing of diaries. Based on the theoretical elements of Freud on mourning and Ferenczi on the appropriation of the traumatic, three diaries by authors who describe the work of mourning (Rolland Barthes, Boris Fausto and Neal Peart) are analyzed. It can be seen in these texts how mourning promotes a rearrangement of memories, entangling the individual and the collective, the exterior and the interior, calling for testimony. It also favors instinctual and narcissistic stabilization, enabling new approaches and the construction of a future life project. In the end, as a counterpoint to the federal government's disrespect for the grief of those who lost relatives and friends during the pandemic, the duty to recognize grief, to value it and to offer support for its realization is highlighted as a political strategy to promote the mental health.

Current norms and practices in using a seizure diary for managing epilepsy: A scoping review

Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating condition affecting people of all ages in many nations. Healthcare practitioners look for effective ways to track patients' seizures, and a seizure diary is one of the methods used. This scoping review sought to identify current norms and practices for using seizure diaries to manage epilepsy. Method: A scoping review was performed by screening relevant studies and identifying themes, categories and subcategories. Results: A total of 1125 articles were identified from the database; 46 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 23 articles were selected. The majority (48%) of the studies were prospective studies. The majority (65%) of the articles were studies conducted in the United States. The themes identified were types of seizure diaries used in clinical practice, contents and structure of a standardized seizure diary, the use and efficacy of seizure diaries in medicine and challenges relating to using a seizure diary for patient management. Conclusion: The study revealed that a seizure diary remains a relevant tool in managing epilepsy. The two forms of diaries in use are electronic and paper-based diaries. The high cost of data and the expensive devices required to access electronic diaries make it unsuitable in a resource-limited setting. Despite its disadvantages, imperfections and inadequacies, the paper-based diary is still relevant for managing patients with epilepsy in resource-limited settings. Contribution: This study reviewed the literature to find the current norms and practices in using seizure diaries. The benefits of the different formats were emphasized

The effect of medical social workers combined with ICU diary on the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in ICU traffic accident patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To study the effect of medical social workers combined with ICU diary on the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in ICU traffic accident patients, and to explore the application of continuing nursing services and ICU diary to ICU traffic accident patients.Methods:A total of 47 patients who were admitted to the ICU of Suzhou Science and Technology City Hospital from January to December 2019 due to traffic accidents were selected by convenient sampling method. Twenty-three patients admitted to the hospital in the first 6 months were selected as the control group (before the introduction of medical social workers and ICU diaries) for routine ICU treatment and nursing mode. Twenty-four patients admitted to the hospital in the last 6 months were selected as the experimental group (after the introduction of medical social workers and ICU diaries), and the medical social workers combined with the ICU diary were intervened. The scores of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were compared between the two groups of patients when they were admitted to the ICU, stayed in the ICU for a week, and transferred out of the ICU. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder was evaluated and compared by the scores of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised of the two groups of patients one month after leaving the ICU, three months after leaving the ICU, and six months after leaving the ICU.Results:The scores of SAS in the experimental group were 58.67 ± 7.45, 44.13 ± 5.47 and 39.08 ± 5.52 when they were admitted to the ICU, stayed in the ICU for a week, and transferred out of the ICU, and were 58.17 ± 6.75, 50.87 ± 6.35 and 42.74 ± 4.85, respectively in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the scores of the SAS between the two groups of patients when they were admitted to the ICU ( P>0.05), but there was a time difference between the two groups with time changes and different interventions ( Ftime = 110.98, P<0.01), there were also differences between groups ( Fbetween groups = 5.91, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the SAS score of the experimental group decreased more significantly( Finteraction = 0.28, P<0.05). The scores of SDS in the experimental group were 57.75 ± 4.06, 45.29 ± 3.39 and 36.63 ± 3.49 when they were admitted to the ICU, stayed in the ICU for a week, and transferred out of the ICU, and were 57.48 ± 2.29, 49.04 ± 5.65 and 43.57 ± 4.07 respectively in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the scores of the SDS between the two groups of patients when they were admitted to the ICU ( P>0.05), but there was a time difference between the two groups of patients with time changes and different interventions ( Ftime = 248.24, P<0.01), there are also differences between groups ( Fbetween groups = 24.39, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the SDS score of the experimental group decreased more significantly ( Finteraction=10.44, P<0.05). The incidences of post-traumatic stress disorder in the experimental group were 9, 8, 6 cases at one month, three months and six months after leaving the ICU, which were lower than 12, 11, 8 cases in the control group. The generalized estimation equation showed that the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.21, P<0.05). Conclusions:The intervention model of medical social workers combined with ICU diary is conducive to the use of ICU diary and the development of continuous nursing, which improves patients′negative emotions and reduces the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Symptom variability in outpatients with COPD and validation of the Colombian COPD Symptom Variability Instrument (EPOC-CoVaSy) / Variabilidad de síntomas en pacientes ambulatorios con EPOC y validación del Instrumento Colombiano de Variabilidad de Síntomas en EPOC (EPOC-CoVaSy)

Abstract Introduction: The variability of respiratory symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be low or nonexistent. However, some authors state that there may be fluctuations. Objectives: To describe symptom variability in patients with COPD throughout the day and night for four weeks using a patient diary, and to validate a questionnaire created for such purpose (Colombian Self-Ad -ministered Instrument of Symptom Variability in COPD - EPOC-CoVaSy). Materials and methods: Cohort study conducted in 96 patients with COPD treated between June and December 2016 at the Centro de Atención Pulmonar - CAP in Barranquilla, Colombia, who filled out a patient diary for four weeks and, after this period, the self-administered EPOC-CoVaSy instrument. Independence and comparison of frequencies of categorical and continuous variables were established using the chi- square and the Fisher ' s exact tests and the Pearson's correlation coefficient, respectively. A MANO-VA was performed using linear regression models to determine the correlations between the results of the diary and the instrument. Results: Participants' mean age was 73.3±8.3 years and 71.87% were male. According to the analysis of the diaries, the mean scores (visual analog scale) for all symptoms and the performance of activities of daily living ranged between 0.5 and 2.5, being higher in the morning (mean scores between 1.5 and 2.5) than in the afternoon and night (mean scores between 0.5 and 1.5); however, symptom variability was minimal. These results were similar to those obtained in the EPOC-CoVaSy instrument, demonstrating a high correlation between both instruments that allowed to confirm that EPOC-CoVaSy is a useful instrument to measure such variability. Conclusions. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that there is a slight variability in COPD symptoms throughout the day, which should be considered when establishing treatment regimens for this disease. Likewise, it was determined that the EPOC-CoVaSy instrument is valid to measure such variability in Colombian patients with COPD.

Resumen Introducción. Se considera que la variabilidad de los síntomas respiratorios de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es baja o inexistente. Sin embargo, algunos autores afirman que se pueden presentar fluctuaciones. Objetivos. Describir la variabilidad de síntomas en pacientes con EPOC a lo largo del día y la noche durante cuatro semanas mediante un diario del paciente, y validar un cuestionario desarrollado para tal fin (Instrumento Colombiano Autoadministrado de Variabilidad de Síntomas en EPOC: EPOC-CoVaSy). Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte realizado en 96 pacientes con EPOC atendidos entre junio y diciembre de 2016 en el Centro de Atención Pulmonar - CAP, en Barranquilla, Colombia, quienes diligenciaron un diario del paciente durante cuatro semanas y, luego de este periodo, el instrumento autoadministrado EPOC-CoVaSy. La independencia y comparación de frecuencias de las variables categóricas y continuas se establecieron mediante las pruebas % 2 y exacta de Fisher y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, respectivamente. Se realizó un MANOVA, utilizando modelos de regresión lineal, para determinar las correlaciones entre los resultados del diario y el instrumento. Resultados. La edad promedio de los participantes fue 73.3±8.3 años y 71.87% eran hombres. Según el análisis de los diarios, los puntajes promedio (escala visual analógica) para todos los síntomas y el desempeño de actividades diarias oscilaron entre 0.5 y 2.5, siendo más altos en la mañana (puntajes promedio entre 1.5 y 2.5) que en la tarde y noche (puntajes promedio entre 0.5 y 1.5); sin embargo, esta variabilidad fue mínima, lo que coincidió con los resultados obtenidos en el EPOC-CoVaSy, evidenciándose una alta correlación entre ambos instrumentos que permitió confirmar que la herramienta diseñada es útil para medir dicha variabilidad. Conclusiones. Con base en los hallazgos del presente estudio, se puede concluir que existe una leve variabilidad en los síntomas de EPOC a lo largo del día, la cual debe considerarse a la hora de establecer esquemas de tratamiento para esta enfermedad. Asimismo, se estableció que el EPOC-CoVaSy es válido para medir dicha variabilidad en la población colombiana con EPOC.

The clinical features of nocturnal enuresis in adult men and women / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To discover the clinical features of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in adults and to detect factors that correlated with the symptom severity.Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited NE subjects from September 2017 through December 2020. All patients had experienced enuresis at least once per week and with a symptom duration of 3 months or longer. Followed by documentation of history and medical records, three-day bladder diary was adopted to assess their voiding pattern, and urodynamic parameters were obtained to evaluate lower urinary tract function.Results:A total of 106 NE patients (43 male and 63 female) were identified. There is no statistical difference regarding the average age (men: 57.8±15.6 vs. women: 56.1±14.0, P>0.05) and BMI (men: 23.9±3.4 vs. women: 23.3±4.3, P>0.05) between men and women. Comorbidities are extremely common in NE patients (n=85, 80.2%), with the incidence rate higher in men compared to women [88.4% (38/43)vs. 74.6% (47/63), P<0.05]. Hypertension (n=58, 54.7%), hyperlipemia (n=41, 38.7%), diabetes mellitus (n=38, 35.8%), coronary heart disease (n=22, 20.8%) were the most frequently reported conditions. On bladder diaries, subjects were frequently manifested nocturnal polyuria (NP, 47/106, 44.3%), reduced nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC, 74/106, 69.8%), or combination of both(33/106, 31.3%). Urodynamic studies suggested that the incidence of reduce bladder compliance, detrusor overactivity (DO), stress incontinence, bladder outlet obstruction(BOO), detrusor underactivity(DU)and detrusor hyperreflexia with impaired contractility(DHIC)was 27.4%(29/106), 39.6%(42/106), 17.9%(19/106), 9.4%(10/106), 25.5%(27/106)and 15.1%(16/106), respectively. Women were more likely to suffer from stress urinary incontinence [2.3%(1/43) men vs. 28.6% (18/63) women, P<0.01], while men were prone to have bladder outlet obstruction [ 23.3%(10/43) men vs. 0 women, P<0.01]. Correlation analysis demonstrated that obesity( r=0.63, P<0.01), systemic comorbidities( r=0.40, P<0.01), presence of NP( r=0.50, P<0.01) and NP+ NBC( r=0.47, P<0.01), post-void residual( r=0.53, P<0.01), reduced compliance( r=0.21, P=0.04), DU( r=0.28, P<0.01), stress incontinence( r=0.42, P<0.01)and DHIC ( r=0.35, P<0.01)are positively correlated with NE severity. Whereas, reduced Q max( r=-0.35, P<0.01), low capacity( r=0.21, P=0.03), and reduced bladder sensation( r=-0.21, P=0.03) correlate negatively with NE severity. Conclusions:The presence of NE is not only a sign of bladder dysfunction, but also an implication of obesity, systematic chronic diseases, urine production malfunctioning. Therefore, a thorough history regarding the lower urinary tract function and systemic comorbidities should be taken carefully, so that, an integrated and personalized treatment can be carried out.

Encontro de mulheres no CRAS: uma experiência na construção grupal / Meeting of women at CRAS: an experience in group construction / Encuentro de mujeres en el CRAS: una experiência en la construccion de grupos

Este estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada com um grupo de mulheres que participam de uma atividade regular em um CRAS da região metropolitana de Florianópolis - SC. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar e discutir o diário de campo produzido entre junho de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. As informações foram sistematizadas com o auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ que permitiu a identificação das categorias de análise do estudo, por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), distinguindo quatro classes que foram objeto de discussão e analisadas a partir da dialética de grupos de J. P. Sartre. Os resultados apontaram que a experiência grupal permitiu o estabelecimento do "nós" e da importância do outro e do grupo como mediador no fortalecimento de vínculos familiares e comunitários. O grupo de mulheres foi, também, um espaço importante de acesso ao serviço, pois por meio dele puderam acessar seus direitos sociais.

This study is the result of an intervention research fulfilled with a group of women participating in a regular activity in a CRAS of the metropolitan region of Florianópolis - SC. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the field diary produced in between June 2017 to December 2018. The information was systematized with the help of the IRAMUTEQ software that allowed the identification of the study analysis categories through the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC), distinguishing four classes that were the subject of discussion and analyzed starting the J. P. Sartre groups dialectic. he results showed that the group experience allowed the establishment of the "we" and the importance of the other and the group as a mediator in fortification family and community ties. The women's group was also an important space for access to the service, because through it they could access their social rights.

Este estudio es el resultado de una investigación de intervención realizada con un grupo de mujeres que participa de una actividad regular en un CRAS da la zona metropolitana de Florianópolis - SC. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar y discutir el diario de campo producido desde junio de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. Las informaciones fueran sistematizadas con la ayuda del software IRAMUTEQ que permitió la identificación de las categorías de análisis del estudio, a través de la Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), distinguiendo cuatro clases que fueran objeto de discusión analizadas desde la dialéctica de grupos de J. P. Sartre. Los resultados apuntaron que la experiencia grupal permitió el establecimiento del "nosotros" y la importancia del otro y del grupo como mediador en el fortalecimiento de los lazos familiares y comunitarios. El grupo de mujeres fue, también, un espacio importante para acceder al servicio, pues a través de él pudieron acceder a sus derechos sociales.

A pesquisa-intervenção em Psicologia: os usos do diário de campo / Research-intervention in psychology: the uses of the field diary / Investigación de intervención em psicología: el campo de uso do diario

Este artigo problematiza a pesquisa-intervenção pelos caminhos da análise institucional e de suas ferramentas. Para tanto, pensa o processo de pesquisa por meio da noção de implicação e traz o diário de campo como ferramenta fundamental para as análises. Há intempestivos no pesquisar e é preciso estar atento ao que René Lourau chamou "fora-texto", aquilo que no círculo científico clássico não deve constar da asséptica escrita do texto final. O "fora-texto" é rico em possibilidade de análises, expõe as implicações, e sua escrita produz uma leitura da prática. Na intenção de entrecruzar diferentes ferramentas da análise institucional, o artigo procura trazer a pesquisa-invenção como uma metodologia que se interpõe aos princípios de neutralidade e objetividade da ciência positiva, às suas dicotomias e produção de verdades. Embora o pensamento de Renè Lourau conduza o artigo, não há uma leitura pura desse autor, mas deslocamentos nos usos de suas ferramentas de pesquisa.(AU)

This article know the research-intervention through paths of institutional analysis. Therefore, it examines the research process from the concept of implication and brings the field diary as a fundamental tool. Because of the researching process' surprises, there is a need to be aware of what Rene Lourau's thinking line calls the "hors text", which, in the classic scientific circle, should not appear on the aseptic writing of the final text. The "hors text" is rich in possibilities of analyzes, exposing implications and producing a reading of the practice. By crossing different tools of institutional analysis, the article seeks to bring the research-invention as a methodology that mediates the principles of neutrality and objectivity of positive science and its dichotomies and production of truths. Although Renè Lourau's line of thinking leads the article, there is not a pure read of this author, but displacements in the use of it tools the research.(AU)

En este artículo se discute la investigación de la intervención de los caminos de análisis institucional y sus herramientas. Por lo tanto, creo que el proceso de búsqueda a través de la noción de implicación y trae el diario de campo como herramienta fundamental para el análisis. Hay Molestias en la búsqueda y debemos estar alerta a lo que René Lourau llamado "off-texto", lo que en el círculo científico clásico no está en la aséptica escribir el texto final. El "fuera de texto" es rico en análisis de oportunidades, expone las implicaciones, y su escritura produce una lectura práctica. Con la intención de interponer diferentes herramientas de análisis institucional, el artículo pretende acercar la investigación relacionada con la invención como una metodología que representa los principios de neutralidad y objetividad de la ciencia positiva, sus dicotomías y verdades de producción. Aunque la idea de Renè Lourau conducen artículo, hay una lectura pura este autor, pero los cambios en el uso de sus herramientas de investigacíon.(AU)

Diário de Campo e a Relação do(a) Pesquisador(a) com o Campo-Tema na Pesquisa-Intervenção / Field Diary and the Researcher's Relationship with the Theme-Field in Intervention Research / Diario de campo y la relación del(a) investigador(a) con el campo-tema en la investigación-intervención

O presente trabalho aborda a relação do(a) pesquisador(a) com o campo-tema, desfazendo a sobreposição entre campo e espaço geográfico, para refletir sobre o papel do uso de diários de campo na pesquisa-intervenção. A partir da abordagem enativa da cognição, tomamos a noção de afeto como elemento modulador da atenção do(a) pesquisador(a), que se relaciona com a problemática da pesquisa, produzindo registros de aspectos do cotidiano e de suas implicações no diário, que passam a ser percebidos como parte do campo-tema da pesquisa. Tomamos como objeto de análise diários de campo escritos por pesquisadores(as) em uma pesquisa que buscava acompanhar processos de aprendizagem com um jogo digital de localização. Concluímos que o uso do diário de campo acompanha e participa da produção da atenção do(a) pesquisador(a) na sua inserção no campo-tema, de modo que as memórias, hábitos e a inserção do(a) pesquisador(a) nos contextos cotidianos também compõem a pesquisa, tomada como um fazer político que intervém na realidade. (AU)

This paper discusses the relationship of the researcher with the theme-field, undoing the overlap between field and geographical space, to reflect on the role of the use of field diaries in intervention research. From the enactive approach to cognition, we take the notion of affect as a modulating element of the researcher's attention, which is related to the research problem, producing records of everyday aspects and their implications in the diary, which come to be perceived as part of the research theme-field. We took as object of analysis field diaries written by researchers in a research that sought to follow learning processes with a digital location-based game. We conclude that the use of the field diary accompanies and participates in the production of the researcher's attention in their participation in the theme-field, so that the researcher's memories, habits and participation of everyday contexts also make up the research, taken as a political action that intervenes in reality. (AU)

Este artículo trata de la relación del(a) investigador(a) con el campo-tema, deshaciendo la superposición entre campo y espacio geográfico, para reflexionar sobre el papel del uso de diarios de campo en la investigación-intervención. Desde el enfoque enactivo a la cognición, tomamos la noción de afecto como un elemento modulador de la atención del(a) investigador(a), que se relaciona con el problema de investigación, produciendo registros de aspectos del cotidiano y de sus implicaciones en el diario, los cuales pasan a ser percibidos como parte del campo-tema de investigación. Tomamos como objeto de análisis diarios de campo escritos por investigadores(as) en una investigación que buscaba seguir los procesos de aprendizaje con un juego digital de localización. Concluimos que el uso del diario de campo acompaña y participa en la producción de la atención del(a) investigador(a) en su inserción en el campo-tema, de modo que las memorias, los hábitos y la inserción del(a) investigador(a) en los contextos cotidianos también componen la investigación, tomada como una acción política que interviene en la realidad. (AU)

Clinical records: the medical writing from the patient's story to the medical narrative / Historia clínica: la escritura médica del relato del paciente a la narrativa médica

Abstract A historical follow-up on the medical diaries about the patient is made, from the Hippocratic texts to the appearance of the current canon of the clinical history formulated by Boerhaave in the seventeenth century, through the medieval consilia and the curationes and observationes of the Renaissance; and it is discussed how much the patient's story is present in those writings. It is postulated that the medical narrative that starts from adequately listening to the patient and his story, and adopts a literary workshop format, it is a pedagogical tool that contributes to comprehensive medical training, and offers the patient the opportunity to be treated in an empathic and humanized environment.

Resumen Se hace un seguimiento histórico a los escritos médicos sobre el paciente, desde los textos hipocráticos hasta la aparición del canon actual de historia clínica formulado por Boerhaave en el siglo XVII, pasando por los consilia medievales y las curationes y observationes del renacimiento; y se discute qué tanto el relato del paciente está presente en esos escritos. Se postula que la narrativa médica que parte de escuchar adecuadamente al paciente y su historia, y se trabaja en formato de taller literario, es una herramienta pedagógica que contribuye a la formación médica integral y ofrece la posibilidad de que el paciente pueda ser tratado en un medio empático y humanizado.

O diário de pesquisa como instrumento de acompanhamento da aprendizagem e de análise de implicação do estudante/pesquisador / El diario de investigación como instrumento de acompañamiento del aprendizaje y análisis de la implicación del estudiante/investigador / The research diary as a student/researcher`s tool for learning follow-up and implication analysis

O doutorado consiste em um longo percurso e uma das dificuldades é evidenciar o deslocamento da aprendizagem e possibilitar um processo autoanalítico ao doutorando. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a utilização do diário de pesquisa no percurso de doutoramento como um potente instrumento para o acompanhamento do aprendizado e de análise de implicação do estudante/pesquisador no desenvolvimento de sua pesquisa. Trata-se de um relato de experiência que utiliza o referencial teórico e metodológico da análise institucional. O diário foi escrito no período de janeiro de 2014 a setembro de 2017 e possibilitou mapear a trajetória do pesquisador, sendo também utilizado como um instrumento de análise de implicação com as diversas instituições que o atravessaram nesse percurso. Acreditamos que a utilização do diário possibilita o acompanhamento dos deslocamentos do processo de aprendizagem do(a)s estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores.(AU)

El doctorado consiste en una larga trayectoria y una de las dificultades es poner en evidencia el desplazamiento del aprendizaje y posibilitar un proceso auto-analítico al doctorando. Por lo tanto, esta producción tiene el objetivo de presentar la utilización del diario de investigación en la trayectoria de doctorado como un potente instrumento para el acompañamiento del aprendizaje y del análisis de la implicación del estudiante/investigador en el desarrollo de su investigación. Se trata de un relato de experiencia que utiliza el referencial teórico y metodológico del Análisis Institucional. El diario fue escrito en el período de enero de 2014 a septiembre de 2017 y posibilitó mapear la trayectoria del investigador, utilizándose también como un instrumento de análisis de implicación con las diversas instituciones que lo atravesaron en esa trayectoria. Creemos que la utilización del diario posibilita el acompañamiento de los desplazamientos del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de postgrado e investigadores.(AU)

A doctorate process implies a long journey, including some difficulties in perceiving the displacement of learning, thus enabling the doctoral candidate to experience a self-analytical process. Therefore, this article aims to present the use of the research diary during the PhD. program as a powerful instrument to monitor learning and for the analysis of students/researchers' involvement in the development of their research. This is an experience report that uses the theoretical and methodological framework of Institutional Analysis. The diary was written from January 2014 to September 2017, and allowed to map the researchers' trajectory, being also used as an analysis device regarding the involvement with the various institutions that crossed its path. We believe that the use of the diary made it possible to monitor the displacements of the learning process of graduate students and researchers.(AU)

Inquietações éticas: sobre a possibilidade de (des)encontros / Preocupaciones éticas: sobre la posibilidad de (des) encuentros / Ethical concerns: about the possibility of (dis) encounters

No lugar de pesquisador e pesquisadoras no campo da Psicologia Social, partimos do sentimento de angústia para pensar o processo do fazer pesquisa. Problematizamos como as inquietações, dúvidas e incertezas ao longo da experiência de pesquisar produz o sujeito pesquisadora. Sujeito, esse, que não estará sozinho, uma vez que se relaciona constantemente com o campo de pesquisa em que se insere. Como tornar essa prática reflexiva e ética no modo de fazer pesquisa? Para isso, buscamos compreender a ética diferentemente dos protocolos, pensando essa enquanto uma atitude que borra as fronteiras de quem pesquisa e de quem é "pesquisado". A partir do exercício da escrita e do diário de campo, podemos pensar como se constrói a todo tempo esse sujeito que se inquieta, se angustia e que possibilita uma reflexão ética frente às suas prácticas.

En lugar de investigador e investigadoras en el campo de la psicología social, partimos del sentimiento de angustia para pensar en el proceso de investigación. Nos preguntamos cómo las preocupaciones, dudas e incertidumbres a lo largo de la experiencia de investigación producen el tema de esta. Sujeto, este, que no estará solo, ya que se relaciona constantemente con el campo de investigación al que inserta. ¿Cómo volverse esa práctica reflexiva y ética en una manera de hacer investigación. Por esto, buscamos entender la ética de manera diferente a los protocolos, pensando en esto como una actitud que desdibuja los límites de quienes investigan y quienes son "investigados". A partir del ejercicio de la escritura y el diario de campo, podemos pensar como se construye todo el tiempo ese sujeto que se inquieta, se angustia y que posibilita una reflexión ética ante sus prácticas.

As researchers in the Social Psychology Field, we start from considering the distressing feeling of thinking about the process of carrying out research. We problematize how concerns, doubts and uncertainties along the researching experience build the researching individual. Such subject is not alone, since he is constantly related to the research field where he is inserted. How can this reflexive and ethical practice influence on the act of carrying out research? Therefore, we focused on understanding ethics, differently from protocols, considering ethics as an attitude which blurs the boundaries of researchers and "the ones who are researched". By considering the writing practice and the use of a field diary, we can reflect on how this subject is built throughout the time, an individual who feels concerned and distressed and who enables an ethical reflection about his practices.

A New Historical Material on the Visitation to Lord Nambu by Dr Yoshimasu Todo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

According to the biography of Dr Todo Yoshimasu, he visited to Lord Nambu in 1752. However, this biography does not describe the detail of his therapeutic process. Recently we found out the historical materials, i.e. Zassho which is a diary written by a chief counselor of Morioka-­Nambu feudal domain. This diary describes the detail of Dr Todo Yoshimasu's medical activity to the Lord Nambu. This report intends to introduce the description of this diary and discuss concrete activities of Dr Todo Yoshimas. This report is a new significant excavation since when publication Todo­zenshu in 1917.

A Dispose of Yoshimasu Todo's Disciples in Morioka-Nambu Feudal Domain / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors previously reported on a Dr. Todo Yoshimasu's visit to a feudal lord of Nambu domain in 1752. This paper describes the outcomes of our investigation on what happened after the visit based on the diary “Zassyo” written by a chief retainer of the domain. Despite Yoshimasu's treatment, the load was not cured and ended up passing away. At that time, there were three of Yoshimasu's pupils who were from Nambu and serving as medical doctors for the domain. A record in the diary indicates that, after the lord's death, all of them were either discharged or penalized with pay cut. It indicates that Yoshimasu's revolutionary medical philosophy and methodology were not fully understood nor appreciated back then.

Symptom diary application of self-management in lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of symptom diary on the self-management ability of lymphoma patients.@*Methods@#A convenient sampling method was adopted to select 57 cases of lymphoma patients who received chemotherapy from February to October 2018 as the study subjects. According to the order of admission, they were divided into the intervention group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 32). The control group received the lymphoma department chemotherapy nursing routine; The intervention group applied symptom diary intervention on the basis of routine nursing, and evaluated the self-management ability of patients in the two groups before the first cycle and after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, respectively.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the scores of self-management ability between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). The self-management scores of the two groups were both improved before and after the intervention, and the intervention group was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after intervention, for total self-management ability and the four dimensions of daily life management, symptom management, medical staff communication, and information management. the intervention group scored (4.16±0.28), (4.31±0.44),(4.31 ± 0.44), (4.38 ± 0.48), (3.96 ± 0.60) points, significantly higher than the control group (3.85 ± 0.45), (3.96 ± 0.45), (3.96 ± 0.57), (3.64 ± 0.77), (3.26±0.68) points, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.235-4.175, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The application of symptom diary can effectively improve the self-management ability of patients with lymphoma during chemotherapy, stimulate the ability of patients to cope with disease, improve the quality of life of patients, and promote rapid recovery.