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Abstract Objective The present study aims to determine if the use of cervical pessary plus progesterone in short-cervix (≤ 25 mm) dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) twin pregnancies is equivalent to the rate of preterm births (PBs) with no intervention in unselected DC-DA twin pregnancies. Methods A historical cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2018, including a total of 57 pregnant women with DC-DA twin pregnancies. The women admitted from 2010 to 2012 (n = 32) received no treatment, and were not selected by cervical length (Non-Treated group, NTG), whereas those admitted from 2013 to 2018 (n = 25), were routinely submitted to cervical pessary plus progesterone after the diagnosis of short cervix from the 18th to the 27th weeks of gestation (Pessary-Progesterone group, PPG). The primary outcome analyzed was the rate of PBs before 34 weeks. Results There were no statistical differences between the NTG and the PPG regarding PB < 34 weeks (18.8%; versus 40.0%; respectively; p = 0.07) and the mean birthweight of the smallest twin (2,037 ± 425 g versus 2,195 ± 665 g; p = 0.327). The Kaplan-Meyer Survival analysis was performed, and there were no differences between the groups before 31.5 weeks. Logistic regression showed that a previous PB (< 37 weeks) presented an odds ratio (OR) of 15.951 (95%; confidence interval [95%;CI]: 1.294-196.557; p = 0.031*) for PB < 34 weeks in the PPG. Conclusion In DC-DA twin pregnancies with a short cervix, (which means a higher risk of PB), the treatment with cervical pessary plus progesterone could be considered equivalent in several aspects related to PB in the NTG, despite the big difference between these groups.
Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se o uso de pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações de gêmeos dicoriônicos-diamnióticos (DC-DAs) com colo do útero curto (≤ 25 mm) apresenta taxa de parto prematuro (PP) equivalente à de gestações gemelares DC-DA sem nenhuma intervenção/não selecionadas. Métodos Um estudo de coorte histórica foi realizado entre 2010 e 2018, incluindo um total de 57 mulheres grávidas com gestações gemelares DC-DA. As mulheres admitidas de 2010 a 2012 (n = 32) não receberam tratamento, e não foram selecionadas pelo comprimento cervical (grupo Não Tratado, GNT), enquanto as admitidas de 2013 a 2018 (n = 25) receberam pessário cervical rotineiramente associado a progesterona após o diagnóstico de colo curto entre a 18a e a 27ª semanas de gestação (grupo Pessário-Progesterona, GPP). O desfecho primário analisado foi a taxa de PP antes de 34 semanas. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o GNT e o GPP em relação ao PP < 34 semanas (respectivamente, 18,8%; versus 40,0%;; p = 0,07) e ao peso médio ao nascer do gêmeo menor (2.037 ± 425 g versus 2.195 ± 665 g; p = 0,327). A análise de Kaplan-Meyer foi realizada, e não houve diferenças entre os grupos antes de 31,5 semanas. A regressão logística demonstrou que o nascimento prematuro anterior (< 37 semanas) apresentou razão de probabilidades (odds ratio, OR) de 15,951 (intervalo de confiança de 95%; [IC95%;]: 1,294-196,557; p = 0,031*) para o nascimento prematuro < 34 semanas no GPP. Conclusão Em gêmeos DC-DA com colo uterino curto (o que significa maior risco de nascimento prematuro), o tratamento com pessário cervical associado a progesterona pode ser considerado equivalente em diversos aspectos relacionados à prematuridade no GNT, apesar da grande diferença entre os grupos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Pessaries , Progesterone/administration & dosage , Uterine Cervical Incompetence/therapy , Cervix Uteri/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy, Twin , Administration, Intravaginal , Cohort Studies , Gestational Age , Treatment Outcome , Premature Birth , Cervical Length MeasurementABSTRACT
Background: Twins carry significant risks to both mothers and babies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chorionicity and its impact on perinatal outcomes in twins.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala. A total of 106 cases of twin pregnancies were included in the prospective descriptive study. Based on the ultrasound results and methods of the postpartum pathologic examination of the placental membranes, the cases were divided into the twin group with monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) and twin group with dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA group). The relationships of different chorionic properties and fetal outcomes were determined by comparing various fetal outcomes.Results: Among 106 twin pregnancies, 61.3% were DCDA twins, 38.7% were MCDA. Average maternal age of monochorionic twin was 25 and that of dichorionic twin was 27. Perinatal mortality of monochorionic twin was 14.7% when compared to 8.6% for dichorionic twin. The mean gestational age for monochorionic twin pregnancy was 34.78 weeks whereas it was 35.91 weeks for dichorionic pregnancy. Elective and emergency LSCS was done more for dichorionic twin pregnancies compared to monochorionic twin pregnancies. Low Apgar scores were seen in monochorionic twins compared to dichorionic twins.Conclusions: The incidence of fetal outcomes in the monochorionic group was inferior to those in the dichorionic group. The fetal outcomes may be improved by determining the chorionic properties in early pregnancy by using ultrasound and consequently planning for pregnancy monitoring and intervention.
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Background: It has been reported that single intrauterine fetal death in twin pregnancy occurs in 3.7-6.8% all twin pregnancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and fetal demographic features and feto-maternal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated with single intrauterine fetal demise and evaluation of available management guidelines.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology department of SGRRIM and HS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand between January 2015 and December 2019. There was a total of 182 twin deliveries at study hospital during this period and 35 of these cases were complicated with single intrauterine fetal demise. Maternal age, parity, chorionicity of twin gestation, gestational age at single intrauterine fetal demise, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar Score at birth, neonatal intensive care unit stay of newborn, maternal fibrinogen levels during pregnancy and delivery time and associated obstetric complications were analyzed in these cases of single intrauterine fetal demise with twin gestation. All monochorionic twin pregnancies were included in the study Group A and dichorionic twin in Group B.Results: The mean age of 32 patients included in study was 29.7±4.6 years. Twenty (62.5%) of these patients were dichorionic and 12 (37.5%) of these were monochorionic twin gestation. Single intrauterine fetal demise occurred in first trimester in 8 (25%) patients, during the second trimester 20 (62.5%) and 4 (12.5%) patients had third trimester single intrauterine fetal demise. Preterm deliveries occurred in 18 (56.3%) of patients and 8 (44.4%) of patients were of monochorionic and 10 (55.6%) of dichorionic twin patients. Among thirty-two patients, 11 (34.4%) patients had caesarean delivery and 21 (65.6%) patient had vaginal birth. No maternal or fetal mortality noted and none of the patients had maternal coagulation disorder.Conclusions: This study indicates that in cases of twin pregnancies with single fetal intrauterine demise with individualized management plan at higher centre and close maternal and fetal surveillance live fetus can be saved without any maternal risk.
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Background: Twin pregnancies account for 2 to 4% of the total number of births. Twin pregnancies are associated with signicantly higher morbidity and mortality than are singleton pregnancies. Among the twin pregnancies, Dichorionic pregnancies occur in 70% of the total twin pregnancies. Monochorionic twins are at higher risk twins for perinatal complications. The objective of the present study is to analyze neonatal outcomes associated with Monochorionic and Dichorionic twin pregnancies. Material and Methods: The study was Retrospective and Hospital based study conducted in Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai in 2018. The sample size was 50 (N=50). The patients with maternal co-morbidities like DM or other systemic illness were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups, viz. Monochorionic or Dichorionic twins. The maternal age and its association with Monochorionic and Dichorionic twin pregnancy are studied. The neonatal outcome in Monochorionic and Dichorionic twins were then analyzed in terms of Birth weight, NICU stay, Neonatal deaths, etc. Statistical analysis: The maternal age and the various neonatal outcomes in Monochorionic and Dichorionic twin pregnancy were recorded. The student t test was used to compare the difference in both groups. Results: The maternal age was almost similar in both Monochorionic and Dichorionic twin pregnancies. The mean Birth Weight was more in Dichorionic group (p < 0.05). The Neonatal Outcomes like IUFD, TTTS and Discordant growth were more common in Monochorionic group as compared to Dichorionic group. Conclusion and Recommendations: Twin pregnancy rates have increased in the past 25-30 years, particularly in developing countries. The reasons may be more advanced maternal age and increased use of assisted reproductive techniques. The neonatal mortality and morbidity in twin deliveries is high in Monochorionic pregnancy as compared to Dichorionic pregnancy. The early identication of chorionicity in early pregnancy is necessary to prevent neonatal complications.
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Objective: To investigate the difference of intertwin estimated fetal weight (EFW) in normal dichorionic pregnancy and the impact factors. Methods: Prenatal ultrasonic parameters of 550 normal dichorionic twins (1 100 fetuses) were retrospectively analyzed. Fetal weight was estimated based on head circumference, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter and femur length. The growth discordance ratio of EFW was calculated between the two fetuses. The correlation between the gestational weeks and the discordance ratios was assessed. In addition, whether the gender difference and different fertilization way could be impact factors of EFW discordance was evaluated. Results: No obvious correlation was observed between EFW discordance ratio and gestation age. EFW discordance ratio was skew distribution, with median of 6.65%, interquartile range of 8.92% and the 95th percentiles of 20.81%. There was no statistical significant difference of EFW discordance ratio between gender-identical group and gender-specific group, nor between two groups with different fertilization way (both P>0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound is valuable to obtain EFW in dichorionic twins. EFW discordance ratio can be used as a relatively date-independent index in evaluation of the growth of dichorionic twins.
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Objective·To identify the relationship between the estimated fetal weight (EFW) discordance and birth weight (BW) discordance, and evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in predicting birth weight discordance (△BW) of twin pregnancy. Methods·The ultrasound was used to detect the growth of twins at different gestational weeks and the data were analyzed to compare the difference between EFW discordance (△EFW) and ?BW. Results·About 15.9 percent of twins (totally 277 cases) had severe △BW (△BW ≥20%) in our study, and the percentages of dichorionic-diamniotic twin (DCDA) and monochorionic-diamniotic twin (MCDA) were 68.2% and 31.8%, respectively (P>0.01). Compared with △EFW in other gestational weeks,△EFW last time before parturition was most consistent of △BW. Furthermore, the negative predictive value of MCDA was highest (94%) at 22-24 gestational weeks. Conclusion·Twin △BW was relatively better predicted by △EFW last time before parturition. Twin pregnancy without severe △EFW (△EFW<20%), especially MCDA with △EFW<20% at 22-24 weeks, had low probability of selective intrauterine growth restriction in the future.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neonatal outcome according to the gestational age at delivery and to determine the optimal timing for delivery in uncomplicated monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with uncomplicated twin pregnancies delivered at or beyond 35 weeks of gestation from 1995 to 2013. The primary outcome was neonatal composite morbidity, which was defined as when either one or both twins have one or more of the followings: fetal death after 35 weeks gestation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, mechanical ventilator requirement, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal death. To determine the optimal gestational age for delivery according to chorionicity, we compared the neonatal composite morbidity rate between women who delivered and women who remained undelivered at each gestational week in both monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. RESULTS: A total of 697 twin pregnancies were included (171 monochorionic and 526 dichorionic twins). The neonatal composite morbidity rate significantly decreased with advancing gestational age at delivery and its nadir was observed at 38 and > or =39 weeks of gestation in monochorionic and dichorionic twins, respectively. However, the composite morbidity rate did not differ between women who delivered and women who remained undelivered > or =36 and > or =37 weeks in monochorionic and dichorionic twins, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the optimal gestational age for delivery was at > or =36 and > or =37 weeks in uncomplicated monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies, respectively.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Chorion , Cohort Studies , Fetal Death , Gestational Age , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Pregnancy, Twin , Retrospective Studies , Twins , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
La gestación gemelar bicorial uno con transformación molar completa y el otro con feto vivo, es un caso extremadamente raro. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 24 años de edad, derivada de consulta particular con Diagnostico de Mola Parcial con feto vivo de 16 semanas. Los nuevos estudios determinan que se trata de embarazo gemelar bicorial uno con mola completa y el otro con feto vivo Displasia Septo-óptica. Se realizó cariotipo por amniocentesis a las 16 semanas cuyo resultado informa: feto Masculino 46 XY. Se determinó realizar control estricto del embarazo. A las 32 semanas de gestación, la paciente presenta rotura prematura de membranas; se concluye el embarazo tras la maduración pulmonar, obteniéndose recién nacido peso 1350 grs, APGAR 8 -9. La paciente tuvo evolución favorable y alta médica con controles y seguimiento por consulta externa, sin datos clínicos o bioquímicos de persistencia o recurrencia. El estudio de imágenes posnatal del neonato confirma el diagnóstico prenatal. El niño cursa actualmente con 23 meses de vida, fenotípicamente normal, no demostrándose alteraciones psicomotrices hasta el momento.
Bichorial twin pregnancy with one molar transformation and the other with alive fetus is an extremely rare case. The case of a female patient of 24 years, derived from private practice with a diagnosis of Partial Mola with alive fetus 16 weeks. A new study finds that pregnancy is bichorial twin pregnancy with complete mole and alive fetus with Septo-optict dysplasia. The genetic diagnosis was made by amniocentesis informing: karyotype 46, XY male fetus. It was decided to carry out strict control of pregnancy. At 32 weeks gestation, the patient has spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes. Pregnancy is concluded after administration of corticosteroids to induce pulmonary maduration; obtaining newborn with 1350 grs at birth, the APGAR score was 8 - 9. The patient had a favorable evolution, without clinical or biochemical evidence of recurrence or persistence. Postnatal study confirms prenatal diagnosis The infant has at the moment 23 months of life, not demonstrating psychomotor disturbances.
Subject(s)
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture , Pregnancy, Twin , Hydatidiform Mole, InvasiveABSTRACT
Fetus papyraceous or compress is the compressed, mummified, parchment-like remains of a dead twin, which is retained in utero after intrauterine death in the second trimester. It is an uncommon finding. The incidence of fetus papyraceous is reported as 1 in 17,000 to 1 in 20,000 pregnancies. Incidence of fetus papyraceous in twin pregnancy is 1 in 184 to 1 in 200 pregnancies. Here we report a case of fetus papyraceous in a twin pregnancy with no adverse effects on mother.
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Fetus papyraceous is a relatively rare complication in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound detection is not always possible due to anatomical position and technical difficulties. It is very important to make a diagnosis in time to prevent severe complications.
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Blood chimerism in twins is known to occur through the transfer of hematopoietic stem cells between the fetuses via a common placenta. We present a case of blood chimerism in a dizygotic dichorionic twin pregnancy. The female twin was delivered at 34 weeks of gestation, and the male twin was stillborn. Pathologic examination confirmed dichorionic diamniotic placentas. The karyotype of the female child was obtained using peripheral blood sample, and it revealed a mixture of 46,XX and 46,XY cells (chi 46,XY[13]/46,XX[7]). FISH analysis performed on the buccal cells by using CEP X/Y probe (Abbott Molecular Inc., USA) revealed 100% XX signals (nuc ish Xcen(DXZ1x2)[500]). Gross examination of the external genitalia and abdominal ultrasonography revealed no definitive abnormal findings in relation to sex differentiation. When XX/XY chimerism is present in blood lymphocytes, careful examination of external genitalia and reproductive organs and further studies are required to detect chimerism in non-hematopoetic tissues. This is a rare case of blood chimerism in dichorionic placentas, in contrast to those in monochorionic placentas.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Blood Group Incompatibility/genetics , Chimerism/embryology , Diseases in Twins/genetics , Fertilization in Vitro , Gestational Age , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Karyotyping , Twins, Dizygotic/genetics , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the natural history and perinatal outcomes of twin gestations according to chorionicity. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 99 monochorionic (MC) and 206 dichorionic (DC) twin gestations delivered at Il Sin Christian Hospital in Busan between January 2002 and December 2007. The incidences of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTS) and selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality, were evaluated. RESULTS: MC twins had a lower gestational age (35.7 vs. 36.6 weeks, P=0.03) at birth and a higher incidence of intrauterine fetal loss (10% vs. 1.5%, P<0.001) than DC twins. The incidence of intrauterine fetal loss was higher in MC sIUGR than in DC sIUGR (19% vs. 2.5%, P=0.025) twins. The number of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; 31% vs. 16%, P=0.042), and the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (7% vs. 0%, P=0.031), and respiratory distress syndrome with surfactant treatment (27% vs. 11%, P=0.049) were higher in MC than DC twins. The incidences of sIUGR and TTS were 21 and 9% among the MC twins. The incidences of intrauterine fetal loss were higher in MC twins with TTS [6 of 9 (67%)] or sIUGR [4 of 21 (19%)] than uncomplicated MC twins (P<0.001). The frequency of admission to the NICU (P=0.001), the length of hospital stay (P=0.033), the prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia (P=0.011), and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.007) were also higher in MC with TTS or sIUGR than in uncomplicated MC twins. CONCLUSION: The incidence of neonatal complications was higher in MC twins, especially those gestations complicated by TTS or sIUGR.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Chorion , Fetofetal Transfusion , Gestational Age , Hemorrhage , Incidence , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Length of Stay , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Medical Records , Natural History , Parturition , Prevalence , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In twin pregnancies with single fetal death after 20th weeks, the surviving co-twin has an ischemic change of multiple organ, neurological abnormality, high perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical status and the outcome of live co-twins and to compare them with the normal viable twins. METHODS: A retrospective analysis by evaluating medical records was done for those twin pregnancies with single fetal demise after 20 weeks (n=20) during January 2000 to June 2003 at Samsung Cheil Hospital. Normal viable twins (n=847) born during the same study period were used as a control group. RESULTS: 867 of 31, 219 live deliveries were documented as twin births. 20 twin pregnancies were complicated by the death of one fetus after 20th weeks. In these 20 twin pregnancies, two surviving co-twins died after birth. There was an increased incidence of monochorionic placenta, prematurity, VLBW (very low birth weight), admission rate in neonate and mortality among the surviving co-twins as compared to the normal viable twins (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between surviving co- twins with dichorionic placenta and normal viable twins. CONCLUSION: The perinatal morbidity and mortality of surviving twins were higher than the normal twins in the monochorionic twins whose co-twin's death occurred after 20th weeks suggests that chorionicity of placenta might be an important factor to predict the outcome of surviving co-twin's.