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1.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 39(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533512

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La alucinosis peduncular (AP) hace referencia a alucinaciones autodiscriminadas, cuyo origen son lesiones en el mesencéfalo y en el puente. Presentación del caso: Paciente 27 años, femenina, con alucinaciones visuales, auditivas autodiscriminadas por ella misma, sin antecedentes previos de importancia y con lesiones en resonancia magnética cerebral y cervical en el pedúnculo cerebeloso superior, tegmento pontino, y en columna cervical con bandas oligoclonales patrón 2, que cumplían criterios de Mc Donalds para esclerosis múltiple. Discusión: La alucinosis peduncular hace referencia a la presencia de alucinaciones visuales, criticadas por el paciente, con la consecuencia de lesiones de las vías inhibitorias por deaferentación y desinhibición mesencéfalotalámicas, y retinogenículo calcarina, descritas como manifestación de múltiples patologías neurológicas como trauma, afectación vascular, tumores y pocos casos de enfermedad desmielinizante, entre otras. Conclusión: La alucinosis peduncular es una forma atípica de presentación de lesiones pontomesencefálicas descritas en varias patologías; se debe tener en cuenta en la localización de la lesión neurológica; se han reportado pocos casos como síntoma de la enfermedad desmielinizante.


Introduction: Peduncular hallucinosis (PA) refers to self-discriminating hallucinations, these are caused by lesions in the midbrain and pons. Presentation of the case: 27-year-old right handed female patient with visual and auditory hallucinations self-discriminated by the patient, with no prior history of importance and with lesions in cerebral and cervical Magnetic Resonance in the superior cerebellar peduncle, pontine tegmentum, and in the cervical spine with pattern 2 oligo clonal bands, which met Mc Donald's criteria for multiple sclerosis. Discussion: Peduncular hallucinosis refers to the presence of visual hallucinations criticized by the patient, consequence of lesions in the inhibitory pathways with deafferentation and disinhibition of the midbrain-thalamic and retinogeniculus-calcarine pathways. Described as a manifestation of multiple neurological pathologies such as trauma, vascular, tumor and few cases of demyelinating among others. Conclusion: Peduncular hallucinosis is an atypical form of presentation of pontomesencephalic lesions described in several pathologies, it must be taken into account when locating the neurological lesion, few cases have been reported as symptom of the demyelinating disease.


Subject(s)
Demyelinating Diseases , Diencephalon , Multiple Sclerosis , Visual Perception , Brain Stem
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 518-521, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440302

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: S100 proteins belong group of calcium-binding proteins and are present in physiological intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities, such as cell differentiation, and act in inflammatory and neoplastic pathological processes. Recently, its expressions in the nervous system have been extensively studied, seeking to elucidate its action at the level of the thalamus: A structure of the central nervous system that is part of important circuits, such as somatosensory, behavioral, memory and cognitive, as well as being responsible for the transmission and regulation of information to the cerebral cortex. This article is an integrative review of scientific literature, which analyzed 12 studies present in Pubmed. The analysis showed that the relationship of S100 proteins and the thalamus has been described in neoplastic processes, mental disorders, hypoxia, trauma, stress, infection, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. In summary, it is possible to conclude that this protein family is relevant as a marker in processes of thalamic injury, requiring further studies to better understand its clinical, preclinical meanings and its prognostic value.


Las proteínas S100 pertenecen al grupo de proteínas fijadoras de calcio y están presentes en actividades reguladoras fisiológicas intracelulares y extracelulares, como la diferenciación celular, y actúan en procesos patológicos inflamatorios y neoplásicos. Recientemente, sus expresiones en el sistema nervioso han sido ampliamente estudiadas, buscando dilucidar su acción a nivel del tálamo: una estructura del sistema nervioso central que forma parte de importantes circuitos, como el somatosensorial, conductual, de memoria y cognitivo, así como además de ser responsable de la transmisión y regulación de la información a la corteza cerebral. Este artículo es una revisión integradora de la literatura científica, que analizó 12 estudios presentes en Pubmed. El análisis mostró que la relación de las proteínas S100 y el tálamo ha sido descrita en procesos neoplásicos, trastornos mentales, hipoxia, trauma, estrés, infección, enfermedad de Parkinson y epilepsia. En resumen, es posible concluir que esta familia de proteínas es relevante como marcador en procesos de lesión talámica, requiriendo más estudios para comprender mejor su significado clínico, preclínico y su valor pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thalamus/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Biomarkers , Diencephalon/metabolism
3.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 56(2): 46-52, abr.-jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103037

ABSTRACT

The nature of memory and the search for its localization have been a subject of interest since Antiquity. After millennia of hypothetical concepts the core memory-related structures finally began to be identified through modern scientifically-based methods at the diencephalic, hippocampal, and neocortical levels. However, there was a clear temporal delay between the finding of these anatomic structures ignoring their function, and their identification related to memory function. Thus, the core structures begun to be identified with a pure anatomical view in the late Middle Ages on, while the memory function related to them was discovered much later, in the late Modern Period.


A natureza da memória e a busca de sua localização tem sido objeto de interesse desde a Antiguidade. Após milênios de conceitos hipotéticos as estruturas centrais relacionadas com a memória finalmente começaram a ser identificadas através de métodos modernos com base científica, nos níveis diencefálico, hipocampal e neocortical. Entretanto, houve um claro retardo temporal entre o achado dessas estruturas anatômicas ignorando sua função e sua identificação relacionada à função da memória. Assim, as estruturas centrais começaram a ser identificadas com uma visão puramente anatômica da Idade Média tardia em diante, enquanto a função da memória relacionada com as mesmas foi descoberta muito mais tarde, no Período Moderno tardio.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Memory/physiology , Neocortex , Diencephalon , Hippocampus
4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 14(1): 75-79, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089812

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The nature of memory and the search for its localization have been a subject of interest since Antiquity. After millennia of theoretical concepts, shifting from the heart to the brain, then from the ventricles to solid parts, the core memory-related structures finally began to be identified through modern scientifically-based methods at the diencephalic and cortical (hippocampal and neocortical) levels, mostly in the late Modern period, culminating in the current state of knowledge on the subject.


RESUMO A natureza da memória e a busca de sua localização tem sido objeto de interesse desde a Antiguidade. Após milênios de conceitos teóricos, mudando do coração para o cérebro e daí dos ventrículos para as partes sólidas, as estruturas centrais relacionadas com a memória finalmente começaram a ser identificadas através de métodos modernos com base científica, nos níveis diencefálico e cortical (hipocampal e neocortical), principalmente no período Moderno tardio, aproximando-se do estado atual do conhecimento sobre o tema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neocortex , Diencephalon , Hippocampus , Memory , Models, Anatomic
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(2)apr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644890

ABSTRACT

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma, an entity described as a histological variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, is a rare primary tumor of the central nervous system. It is usually located in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic area, affecting children with a mean age of 10 months. It has a high rate of recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, which may be present throughout the neuroaxis. Due to its topography, it may present developmental delay in childhood and diencephalic syndrome, characterized by extreme weight loss, lack of fat accumulation, hyperactivity, euphoria and alertness. Magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in its diagnosis, staging and follow-up of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. However, for a definitive diagnosis, anatomopathology is particularly important to differentiate it from pilocytic astrocytoma. Some cases, as in this present one, have simultaneous histological features of pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytomas, constituting a group called intermediate pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Surgery is the best treatment option and it usually requires adjuvant therapy.


O astrocitoma pilomixoide, entidade descrita como variante histológica do astrocitoma pilocítico, é um raro tumor primário do sistema nervoso central. Geralmente, localiza-se em topografia hipotálamoquiasmática, acomentendo crianças com idade média de 10 meses. Apresenta alta taxa de recorrência e disseminação liquórica, podendo se apresentar ao longo de todo o neuroeixo. Dada sua topografia, pode se apresentar com atraso do desenvolvimento na infância e síndrome diencefálica, caracterizada por emagrecimento extremo, ausência de acúmulo de tecido adiposo, hiperatividade motora, euforia e estado de alerta. A ressonância magnética possui um papel importante para o diagnóstico, estadiamento e seguimento do astrocitoma pilomixoide. No entanto, para o diagnóstico definitivo, o estudo anatomopatológico é fundamental, principalmente na diferenciação com o astrocitoma pilocítico. Além disso, em alguns casos, como o aqui apresentado, evidencia-se a apresentação simultânea de características histológicas do astrocitoma pilomixoide e pilocítico, constituindo um grupo denominado astrocitoma pilomixoide intermediário. A cirurgia é a melhor opção de tratamento e geralmente há necessidade de tratamento adjuvante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Astrocytoma/pathology , Diencephalon , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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