ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La epilepsia afecta a 0,5% a 1% de la población, iniciándose en la infancia en el 60% de los casos. El 25% de los niños que la presentan, tienen epilepsia refractaria (ER) a fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) y en ellos la dieta cetogénica (DC) surge como un tratamiento no farmacológico efectivo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la DC en el número de crisis, en la calidad de vida y bienestar del paciente y su entorno. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se revisaron los registros médicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ER que recibieron DC entre los años 2008 y 2018 registrando variables: edad, diagnóstico, número de crisis, número de FAE, respuesta y complicaciones. La DC se inició en todos los casos con el paciente hospitalizado durante un período no mayor a siete días, en el cual se realizó evaluación nutricional antropométrica con medición de peso y talla según condición clínica. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 35 DC. La mediana de edad al inicio fue 4,8 años con rango intercuartil (RIC) de 2,3-6,8 años. Se utilizó DC clásica en 49% de los pacientes, Dieta Atkins Modificada en 37% y Dieta de Bajo Índice Glicémico en 14%. Su promedio de duración fue 13 meses + 11 DS meses. Luego de tres meses de iniciada la DC, la reducción de al menos un 50% de las crisis se observó en 82% de los casos, de los cuales 22,8% presentaron reducción de más de 90% y 20% quedó libre de crisis. Se registraron efectos secundarios en 21 pacientes, la mayoría gastrointestinales (62%) y dislipidemia (14%). Todos los efectos secundarios se resolvieron con manejo médico. CONCLUSIONES: La DC es un tratamiento efectivo en pacientes pediátricos con ER y las complicaciones asociadas fueron fácilmente controla das por un equipo multidisciplinario.
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy affects 0.5 to 1% of the population. 25% of pediatric patients have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Ketogenic Diet (KD) emerges as an effective, non-pharmacological treatment in this group. OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of KD on seizure control and nutritional status in children whit DRE. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of patients with DRE treated with KD, between 2008 and 2018, evaluating age, diagnosis, number of seizures, number of antiepileptic drugs used, clinical outcomes, and complications. The KD was initiated in all patients hospitalized for a period no longer than seven days, who were evaluated for their nutritional and anthropometric sta tus, with weight and height measurements according to the clinical condition. RESULTS: We analyzed 35 KD in 33 cases. The median age of KD initiation was 4.8 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 2-3 to 6.8 years. Classical KD was used in 49% of patients, Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) in 37%, and Low-Glycemic Index Treatment (LGIT) in 14% of cases. The average duration was 13 months (SD 11 months). After three months of using KD, we observed at least 50% reduction of seizures in 82% (27/33) of the patients, out of these, 22.8% presented 90% or more reduction of seizures, and 20% ended up seizure-free. Adverse events were observed in 21 patients, mainly gastrointestinal (62%) and dyslipidemia (14%), without effect on height. All side effects resolved with medical ma nagement. CONCLUSIONS: KD is a useful treatment in pediatric patients with DRE without nutritional impact. The adverse events were easily controlled if the patients are evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, according to international guidelines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Diet, Ketogenic/methods , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/diet therapy , Nutritional Status , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Diet, Ketogenic/adverse effects , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/diagnosisABSTRACT
La dieta cetogénica se considera un tratamiento eficaz y bien tolerado para la epilepsia refractaria. Nuestro trabajo suministra información práctica sobre el uso de la dieta cetogénica, realizando una revisión acerca de las indicaciones clásicas y las nuevas que permiten ampliar el uso de la misma. Detallamos cómo implementar la dieta, los controles médicos en el seguimiento y la forma de actuar en situaciones especiales, tales como la anestesia o la enfermedad aguda. Se enfatiza la i mportancia del trabajo de los profesionales de las distintas especialidades y la familia como equipo, detallando los roles que ocupa cada uno en este interesante pero laborioso tratamiento.
The ketogenic diet is an established, effective and well-tolerated treatment in refractory epilepsy. This paper provides practical information on the administration of ketogenic diet. It goes over the standardized protocols and the new ones that allow to broaden the scope regarding the clinical management of the ketogenic diet. It addresses issues such as the implementation, counseling and follow-up as well as the application and how to proceed in special situations such as anesthesia or acute illness. Finally, the aim of this paper is to highlight the relevance of the multidisciplinary teamwork and the family support throughout this laborious but interesting treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diet, Ketogenic/classification , Diet, Ketogenic/adverse effects , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/diet therapy , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/therapy , Interdisciplinary Studies , Diet, High-Protein Low-CarbohydrateABSTRACT
La dieta de Atkins modificada (DAM) es una alternativa dietaria terapéutica en el tratamiento de la epilepsia fármaco-resistente. Consiste en una dieta con un aporte de 60% de grasas, 30% de proteínas y 10% de carbohidratos. El objetivo es presentar una serie de 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia refractaria de diferentes etiologías, que recibieron tratamiento con DAM en nuestro hospital. En nuestro grupo de 9 pacientes, obtuvimos resultados similares a los publicados por otros autores, con buena adherencia, tolerancia y respuesta. Del total de pacientes, dos lograron una reducción en más del 90% del número de crisis; cuatro, del 50-90%; dos, menos del 50% de control; y solo uno no presentó respuesta a la DAM. Ningún paciente presentó aumento del número de crisis, y fue bien tolerada en todos los casos
The modified Atkins diet (MAD) is an alternative therapeutic diet for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. It consists of a diet with 60% energy from fat, 30% from protein, and 10% from carbohydrates. The objective of this article is to present a series of nine patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy of different etiologies treated with the MAD at our hospital. In our group of nine patients, results obtained were similar to those published by other authors, with adequate adherence, tolerance and response. Of all patients, two achieved a reduction of more than 90% in the number of seizures; four experienced a reduction of 50-90%; two had a reduction of less than 50% in seizure control; and only one patient did not respond to the MAD. No patient had an increase in the number of seizures, and the diet was well-tolerated in all cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/drug therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A dieta cetogênica (DC) e a dieta de Atkins modificada (DAM) são dietas terapêuticas mundialmente utilizadas no tratamento da epilepsia refratária em crianças e adultos. No Brasil estas modalidades de tratamento são pouco indicadas, restringindo a poucos centros. METODOLOGIA: Revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da DC e DAM no tratamento da epilepsia refratária. CONCLUSÕES: A DC e a DAM são opções terapêuticas eficazes e seguras no tratamento da epilepsia refratária. O acompanhamento destes pacientes deve ser rigoroso, com equipe treinada, prevendo os riscos potenciais e realizando dietas palatáveis e diversificadas.
INTRODUCTION: Ketogenic Diet (KD) and Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) are world-widely therapeutic diets used in the treatment of intractable epilepsy in children and adults. In Brazil those therapies are few indicated and restricted for some centers. METHODS: Revision of literature for the application of KD and MAD in the treatment of intractable epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: KD and MAD are effective and secure in the treatment of intractable epilepsy. The follow up of these patients must be rigorous, with a trained staff to anticipate the potential risks and elaborating diversified and palatable diets.
Subject(s)
EpilepsyABSTRACT
A obesidade constitui uma das alterações metabólicas mais freqüentes e de maior repercussão sanitária e sócio-econômica. No mundo ocidental, a prevalência da obesidade está aumentando em todas as faixas etárias e atingindo níveis epidêmicos. As dietas constituem uma das formas para o tratamento da obesidade e, dentre elas estão as dietas da moda que adquirem muitos seguidores por prometerem perda rápida de peso. Uma das dietas da moda seria aquela proposta pelo Dr. Atkins que consiste em uma dieta com liberado consumo de gorduras e proteínas e, restrição para carboidratos. Este trabalho de revisão tem como objetivo discutir esta dieta no controle e no tratamento da obesidade.
Obesity constitutes one of the more frequent metabolic alterations and of largerst sanitary and socioeconomic repercussion. In the western world, the prevalence of the obesity is increasing in all ofthe age groups and reaching epidemic levels. Diets constitute one way for the treatment of obesity and, among them are the popular diets that acquire many followers for they promise fast loss of weight. One of the fashion diets would be that proposed by Dr. Atkins, and it consists of a diet having a liberated consumption of fats and proteins, and restriction for carbohydrates. This revision work has the objective of discussing this diet for control and treatment of obesity.