Determination of ATP and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract This study aimed to develop a simple and fast capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the simultaneous determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements. Reverse polarity separation mode for faster separation of the three strong negatively charged analytes and capillaries with a 25 µm inner diameter was employed. At -433 V/cm field strength at background electrolyte (BGE) consist with 0.1 M tris-HCl, 0.5 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TTAC) as positively charged surfactant and 0.3 mg/mL hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to reduce the electroosmotic flow (EOF), a complete separation of the three species were achieved in less than 15 minutes. The data acquisition was conducted at a wavelength of 254 nm. Three different commercialised dietary energy supplements were analysed.

Effects of dietary energy level on reproductive characteristics in male African giant rat Cricetomys gambianus

Background: The study was conducted to assess the effects of the digestible dietary energy level on some reproductive characteristics in African giant rat.Methods: Sixteen young males were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 4 animals each. To each group was attributed randomly one of the 4 dietary energy levels (3600 Kcal/kg, 3800 Kcal/kg, 4000 Kcal/kg or 4200 Kcal/kg). The daily distribution of experimental diets last six months, ie ended when cricetoma were 8 months old. At the end of that period, all animals were sacrificed.Results: Results showed an increase in testes weight with the augmentation of dietary digestible energy level (0.79±0.13, 0.88±0.17, 1.02±0.28 and 1.02±0.16 respectively for 3600 Kcal/kg, 3800 Kcal/kg, 4000 Kcal/kg and 4200 Kcal/kg). The serum testosterone level, the sperm mobility (76.67, 62, 63 and 57%) and count per cauda epididymis (18.25±3.75, 16.38±4.19, 10.83±2.02 and 10.13±2.9) and per gram cauda epididymis (39.09±11.82, 27.01±4.23, 15.41±3.31 and 17.40±7.28) significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the increasing level of digestible energy in the feed.Conclusions: The dietary digestible energy level that gave the higher reproductive performances in male African giant rat was 3600 Kcal/kg DM.

Desempenho de frangos caipiras alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável / Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy

Analisaram-se os efeitos da energia metabolizável (EM) e da idade de abate sobre o desempenho zootécnico, o rendimento de carcaça e de partes de frangos da linhagem Caipira Francês Exótico. Foram utilizadas 192 aves, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições de 16 aves cada. Os tratamentos (T) foram definidos de acordo com os níveis de energia das dietas inicial (1 a 28 dias) e final (29 a 90 dias), respectivamente, em: T1 - 3.000 e 3.100kcal de EM/kg; T2 - 3.100 e 3.200kcal de EM/kg; T3 - 3.200 e 3.300kcal de EM/kg. Os abates foram realizados aos 77, 84 e 90 dias. Na fase inicial, as aves do T2 e do T3 apresentaram maior peso médio (655,75 e 713,50g), maior ganho de peso (24,28 e 26,42g/ave) e melhor conversão alimentar (1,59 e 1,77), e não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). Quando abatidas aos 77 dias de idade, as aves que consumiram a dieta com 3.100/3.200kcal de EM/kg apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça (82,20%) e de peito (24,26%), e não diferiram dos frangos alimentados com dietas contendo 3.000/3.200kcal de EM/kg, nos quais se verificaram rendimento de carcaça de 80,72% e 23,20% de rendimento de peito. Os frangos da linhagem Caipira Francês Exótico apresentaram melhores desempenho zootécnico e rendimento de carcaça quando alimentados com dietas contendo 3.100 a 3.200kcal de EM/kg na ração e abatidos aos 77 dias de idade.

This is study aimed to analyze the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) and age at slaughter on growth performance, carcass yield and prime cuts, relative weight of the wings, back, head + neck and feet of broiler chickens from the Caipira Francês Exótico strain. A total of 192 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates of 16 birds per treatment. The treatments were defined according to levels of dietary energy (1 to 28 days) and late (29-90 days), respectively: T1 - 3000 and 3100kcal/kg ME, T2 - 3100 and 3200kcal/kg ME, T3 - 3200 and 3300kcal/kg ME. The slaughter was carried out at 77, 84 and 90 days. In the initial phase the birds from T2 and T3 had a higher mean weight (655.75 and 713.50g), weight gain (24.28 and 26.42g/bird) and better feed gain (1.59 and 1.77) and did not differ (P>0.05). When slaughtered at 77 days of age, birds fed the diet with 3.100/3.200kcal/kg ME had higher carcass yield (82.20%) and breast (24.26%), and did not differ from chickens fed diets containing 3.000/3.200kcal/kg ME, where a carcass yield of 80.72% and 23.20% of breast yield was found. The Caipira Francês Exótico broilers had better growth performance and carcass yield than when fed diets containing 3100-3200kcal/kg in the diet and slaughtered at 77 days old.

Effects of dietary energy level on ovarian expression of mRNA s for luteinizing hormone receptor and follicle-stimulatiing hormone receptor in prepubertal gilts / 中国兽医学报

To explore the effects of long-term treatment of different dietary energy levels on ovarian expression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR,the present study was performed in nine growth-matched littermate crossbred (Land-race×Large White X Duroc) prepubertal gilts. At approximately 30 kg of body weight and 50 day of age,gilts were housed with individual feeding stalls and placed on a normal level of feeding for 90 days (dl-90) with free ac-cess to water and food throughout the whole research. From d91 ,littermates were divided and randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment lines for 3 weeks till d112:Group H,Group M, and Group L, fed the high energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 14.87 MJ/kg), moderate energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 12.39 MJ/ kg), and low energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 9.98 MJ/kg), respectively. When gilts were slaughtered on d112 after 3 weeks energy treatment, both ovaries of every gilts were collected,snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and re-tained at -80℃ for use to determine and analysis the relative amount of ovarian LHR and FSHR mRNAs using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed that the effect of dietary energy treatment was notable: the ovarian ex-pression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR was significantly higher (P<0.05) in gilts treated with high energy diet compared to gilts treated with moderate and low energy diets, while gilts treated with low energy diet had a signifi-cantly lower (P<0.05) ovarian LHR and FSHR expression compared with gilts treated with moderate and high en-ergy diets. These results revealed that ovarian expression of I.HR and FSHR in prepubertal gilts increased as the lev-el of dietary energy intake elevated,i, e. , high energy diet can markedly enhance ovarian expression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR,whereas energy deficit markedly suppress the expression.

The effect of seamustard on blood lipid profiles and glucose level of rats fed diet with different energy composition

Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as beta-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7 g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY ENERGY RESTRICTION ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENDURANCE IN CHINESE KUNMING MICE / 营养学报

0.2); whereas that in group Ⅲ 1.24 ?0.38g, significantly different (P0.05),the dietary energy re-striction did not affect the producing and scavenging of free radical in theorgans.