Paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination status and dietary exposure assessment in coastal cities of China / 预防医学

@#Paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination is a threat to human health. Based on review of research articles pertaining to paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning in coastal cities of China from 2007 to 2022, the article describes the status of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination, influencing factors and dietary exposure assessment in different sea areas of China (Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea), and the relatively high-level contamination of paralytic shellfish poisoning in shellfishes is found to strongly correlate with red tides caused by season and water temperature in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea areas. Acute exposure assessment based on point estimate model is commonly used for assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning, and the risk of human dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning is within the acceptable range in most areas. Intensified monitoring of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and full consideration of parameters like processing factor during dietary exposure assessment are required in the future to allow more precise results.

Levels of BPA in makdous, a traditional Syrian food, using solid-phase extraction followed by HPLC

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter, can migrate from packaging material into food stuff. This research was designed to measure BPA levels in makdous, a traditional Syrian food. Forty three samples of makdous stored in different plastic containers (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and unspecified plastic containers) were analyzed every 3 months for one year beginning July 2017. Quantification of BPA was carried out by an RP-HPLC system equipped with fluorescence detector after solid phase extraction. Migration was found in PE and PP plastic containers with slight differences. Statistically significant differences in BPA levels were observed between samples assayed after two weeks of preparation and samples assayed after 12 months (mean 16.32 vs. 38.26 µg/kg, p value=0.003). According to these amounts, BPA levels were all under the specific migration limit of 0.05 mg/kg as newly referred in Regulation (EU) No 2018/213. These levels of exposure would only contribute to 2.15% and 2.75% of the EFSA t-TDI in both men and women respectively based on mean dietary exposure estimates derived from a 24-h dietary information study from 875 participants. Hence there are no concerns about potential health risks from makdous consumption

Dietary exposure assessment of phthalic acid esters in Guangzhou residents / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand phthalic acid esters pollution of daily consumed food in Guangzhou City，and evaluate the hazard of phthalic acid esters exposure in residents dietary. Methods Detected the content of phthalic acid esters in 10 types of food by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）methods .It combined with a survey on dietary nutrients intake of Guangzhou residents was conducted．Hazard index on the dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food was applied. Results It showed that the highest levels of DBP，DEHP and DIBP，from the mixed diet samples in Guangzhou were 1.256，1.418，0.576 mg/kg respectively；and the exposure level of DBP，DEHP and DIBP were 2.431、5.981、2.408μg/kg.d ;HQ was respectively 0.243、0.125、0.025. HI was 0.393. Conclusion The dietary contamination of phthalic acid esters for Guangzhou was kept at a low level.But the pollution of 3 kinds of mixed samples such as meats，eggs，aquatic and products may be a certain risk of health that should attract more attention.

Dietary assessment on dietary exposure of aluminium residents in Shaanxi Province / 中国食品卫生杂志

Objective To investigate the contamination and dietary intake of the aluminium in commercial foods in Shaanxi Province,and evaluate its potential health risks in Shaanxi population.Methods Six hundred and sixty-six samples from 8 kinds of foods in Shaanxi Province were collected from 2013 to 2015.The aluminium contents were detected according to National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors in Risk Monitoring Manual,and dietary intake of aluminium in Shaanxi population was evaluated by point assessment model with of nutritional survey date.Results The average dietary intake of aluminium was 0.154 9 mg/kg BW per day,and the dietary intake of woman aged 18 to 59 years old was the highest,with an average of 0.178 5 mg/kg BW per day.When aluminum intake of the 97.5 percentile,the dietary intake of aluminium in children aged 2 to 7 years old was the highest.The margins of safety (MOS) of all age groups were smaller than 1,while the MOS of high exposure (P97.5) group was above 1.Fried and baked food were the main sources of aluminium exposure in two age groups (2-7 years and 8-12 years old group),while fried food,cold noodle and starch products were the main sources of aluminium exposure for others.Conclusion Dietary intake (tP97.5) of aluminium exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).The dietary intake of aluminium in women and children was high.Fried food was the main sources of aluminium exposure in all age groups.

Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety

OBJECTIVES: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). METHODS: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. RESULTS: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed (94.2 mug/kg for Pb; 594 mug/kg for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish (46.4 mug/kg). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was 0.14 mug/kg body weight (bw)/d, 0.18 mug/kg bw/d for Cd, and 0.07 mug/kg bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than 5.00 mug/dL (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than 0.30 mug/L (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than 5.00 mug/L (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety

OBJECTIVES: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). METHODS: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. RESULTS: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed (94.2 mug/kg for Pb; 594 mug/kg for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish (46.4 mug/kg). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was 0.14 mug/kg body weight (bw)/d, 0.18 mug/kg bw/d for Cd, and 0.07 mug/kg bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than 5.00 mug/dL (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than 0.30 mug/L (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than 5.00 mug/L (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

Dietary Exposure Assessment of Dioxin in Australia and Research Prospect in China / 环境与健康杂志

As a first-grade carcinogen,the dioxin had caused huge food safety and political crisis as well as economic losses, and posed unacceptable health risk to consumers in some European countries.The international community has commonly shown great concerns for the issue.Three specific researches on the dietary exposure risk of Australian consumers posed by dioxin have been undertaken in Australia since 2001.Reliable results of the research have been obtained.This paper outlined origin, development and the status of the Australian dioxin dietary exposure assessment.Prospecting for developing the dioxin dietary exposure assessment in China has been put forward based on the discussion of the Australian experience.