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Flavoured tobacco is mainly consumed in India and neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal and the hazards are known. Considering the need to identify such flavouring ingredients and a simple analytical method was required to quantify such favouring ingredients and hazardous / allergens, we selected top brands available in India for investigation. We simply extracted the ingredients by triturating with Diethyl Ether, evaporating solvent ether and reconstituting the extract in Acetone & Ethanol for GC-MS & GC-FID work respectively. The flavour ingredients were identified, and hazardous ingredients, viz. Diethyl Phthalate was identified. It was found around 2.5% to 3.0%. The GC-MS method was validated with GC-FID analysis with Linearity, LOD & LOQ study.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize diethyl phthalate degrading bacterial strains isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil from a landfill dump site of a petroleum refinery in Mersin, Turkey. Methodology: The bacteria was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil and characterized by 16S rRNA analysis. Bacterial genomic DNA was identified by 16S rRNA analyses. Biodegredation experiments were conducted for 5 days and plasmid curing experiment was performed. Catechol test was carried out to determine phthalate degradation pathways. Results: The isolated bacteria from soil were identified as Pseudomonas putida based on 16S rRNA sequences. The size of the plasmid was estimated to be about 15.9 kb. Results of biodegradation experiments indicated that the diethyl phthalate concentrations were reduced by 85.5% after 5 days of incubation at pH 7.0 and 30°C. The ability of P. putida degrading diethyl phthalate was found to be plasmid-mediated through curing experiments. Interpretation: The study suggested that plasmid of Pseudomonas putida PAG5 could be involved in effective degradation of diethyl phthalate
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Objective: To explore the phytochemical profile of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. leaves both qualitatively and quantitatively, and validate its role as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Methods: Extraction and isolation of different compounds were done from the leaves of Artocarpus lakoocha based on solvent fractionation method. Subsequently, quantitative and qualitative phytochemical profiling along with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were tested following standard protocols. Results: Among the five fractions, methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha exhibited higher content of phytochemical compounds [phenols = (3175.21依290.43) mg GAE/g dry extract, flavonoids = (1173.15依47.52) mg QE/g dry extract and tannins = (923.53依95.21) mg TAE/g dry extract] as compared to other fractions. The methanol fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC50 of (111.98依34.20)μg/mL and (138.26依0.66) μg/mL, respectively, and the best reduction potential with a value of (316.81依2.96) mg QE/g dry extract in reducing power assay. There was significant correlation between the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the extract successfully protected Lambda phage DNA from damage at 5 and 6 mg/mL concentration and exhibited substantial bactericidal as well as fungicidal activity. The GC-MS analysis of methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha revealed diethyl phthalate as the main phytochemical compound, along with 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 9-octyl eicosane and 7,8-didehydro-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-methylene morphinan. Conclusions: The methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha could be used as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Objective@#To establish a method for the determination of diethyl phthalate by gas chromatography in the air of workplaces.@*Methods@#Diethyl phthalate in the air of workplace was collected throμgh glass fiber filter, eluted with methylbenzene, and detected by gas chromatography coupled with FID detectors.@*Results@#The linear range of diethyl phthalate determined by this method was 14.0~1 400 μg/ml, y=2.09801x-3.66229, and the coefficient correlation was 0.999 99. The detection limit was 1.10 μg/ml, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.18mg/m3 (collected sample volume was 30 L) . The within-run precisions were 1.04%~2.75%, and the between-run precisions were 0.34%~1.30%. The recovery rates were 98.72%~103.21%, and sampling efficiency was 97.2%~100.0%. The elution efficiencies were 97.25%~98.68%. The samples could be stored at room temperature for 15 days.@*Conclusion@#The indicators established in this study were conformed with the requirements of GBZ/T210.4-2008, "The Guidelines for the Development of Occupational Hygiene Standards Methods Part 4: Determination of Chemical Substances in the Air of Workplaces" . Diethyl phthalate in the workplace air could be rapidly collected, accurate separated and determinated. This method is applicable to the determination of diethyl phthalate in the workplace air.
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Objective To study the relationship of endocrine disruptors (EDCs) with premature thelarche in the 0-3 years old baby girls. Methods A total of 60 infant girls diagnosed with premature thelarche were selected as the case group in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University between August 2013 and June 2014, and another 60 healthy girls were included into a control group. Their parents were asked to finish questionnaires and each participants underwent B ultrasonic examination. The serum samples were obtained from both groups by professional doctors to examine the levels of estradiol, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate. Results There were no significant differences in the age, FSH or LH levels between the case group and the control group (P=0.745, 0.721 and 0.195, respectively); the level of E2 in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.017); bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate levels in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group ([272.9±101.3] μg/L vs [21.8±18.4] μg/L, P=0.000; [0.8±0.3] mg/L vs [0.3±0.1] mg/L,P=0.000). There was a positive correlation between the bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate in the case group (r=0.061, P=0.002), but not in the control group(r=0.302,P=0.102). There was no significant correlation between the sex hormone and the two EDCs (bisphenol A or diethyl phthalate) (P>0.05). Conclusion Premature thelarche in the infant girls between 0 and 3 years old is associated with serum estrogen level, bisphenol A and ethyl phthalate levels, and there is no relationship between genetic factors and environmental factors.