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@#The gas chromatography method was developed for the determination of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in poloxamer 188 to provide scientific basis for the quality control. The samples was separated on column VF-17ms(30 m×0. 53 mm, 1. 0 μm)with temperature programming, inlet temperature was 270 °C, detector temperature was 290 °C and the split ratio was 10 ∶1. The method showed great linearity over the range of 6-15 μg/mL(r≥0. 999). The injection precision(n=8)of the three residual impurities were 3. 3%, 3. 0%, 2. 3% and the average recoveries were 99. 05%(RSD=2. 9%, n=9), 102. 20%(RSD=4. 0%, n=9), 101. 91%(RSD=3. 1%, n=9), respectively. The analytical method is specific, accurate and sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in poloxamer 188, providing reference and guidance for the production and quality control of poloxamer 188.
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Objective:To establish an improved method for the determination of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol in glycerol on the basis of the method in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Methods: Glycerol samples were extracted by methanol, and detected by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The column was a DM-624 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm,3μm), and the initial temperature was 80℃ in the first 6min and then risen to 100℃ at the speed of 50℃·min-1, kept for 8min,fi-nally risen to 220℃ at the speed of 10℃·min-1 , kept for 10min. The split injection was used with the split ratio of 100∶1. The in-jection temperature was 250℃ and the detector temperature was 280℃. The flow rate was 6. 0ml·min-1 . Results:The RSD(%) of the method was lower than 5%, and the resolution of all chromatographic peaks met the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. The meth-od was used to analyze the commercial product of glycerol, and the contents of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol were both less than the specified limits. Conclusion:The method is simple and rapid, and suitable for glycerol impurity inspection.
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BACKGROUND:Measurement of the osmol gap (OG) is a technique that is used frequently in toxic alcohol poisonings (ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol) as a rapid means to estimate exposure, and can be performed in virtually all hospital laboratories. The value of the OG has not been previously evaluated for diethylene glycol (DEG) exposures. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the OG in estimating DEG serum concentrations using the most common formula that is currently used for estimating methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol concentrations.METHODS:This was a controlled laboratory investigation using serum samples individually spiked with a known quantity of toxic alcohol compared to no toxic alcohol. Test samples were spiked with ethanol, DEG, EG, and methanol. Serum chemistries and osmolality and osmolarity were determined, and the OG was determined for each specimen.RESULTS:The percent error of estimating DEG concentrations of 26.3％ was similar to the mean percent error for estimating other alcohol concentrations, 30.5％±5.6％ (P>0.05, 95％ confidence interval 16.7％-44.3％).CONCLUSIONS:The severity of metabolic effects associated with DEG and the need to appropriately determine rescue treatments mandate early detection of significant exposures for effective triage and patient management. Our results indicate that the percent error of the osmol gap method for estimating DEG concentration is similar to that of other toxic alcohols; this simple technique could be a valuable clinical tool, since quantitative DEG analysis is rarely available.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of the extracts from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis against acute kidney injury induced by diethylene glycol (DEG) and its action mechanism. METHODS: The acute kidney injury model of mice was induced by intragastric administration of DEG. Then the model mice were administered intragastrically with the extracts of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis. Serum levels of creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and the content of malonaldehyde(MDA) were determined. RESULTS: After administration of DEG, the mice presents with obvious toxic reactions including the increase of the ratio of kidney to body weight, the increase of serum levels of BUN and Cr, the decrease of the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in kidney tissue, the increase of the content of MDA. However, after treatment with the extracts of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis, the toxic symptoms in mice were attenuated markedly, the ratio of kidney to body weight decreased, serum levels of BUN and Cr decreased significantly, the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in renal tissues increased and the content of MDA decreased. CONCLUSION: The remarkable protective effect of the extracts from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis against DEG-induced acute kidney injury in mice might be related to its actions of improving the activity of antioxidase of kidney while inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
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Objective:To explore protective effect of extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome on acute liver injury induced by diethylene glycol(DEG)and its mechanism.Methods:Animal model of acute liver injury induced by DEG(18.7 ml/kg)was applied to investigate the protective effect of extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome.Mice were administered intragastrically with n-butanol extract from rhubarb 0.8 and 0.4 g/kg,aqueous extract from rhubarb 0.8 and 0.4 g/kg and ethanol extract from alismae rhizome 3.6 and 1.8 g/kg for 4 days,respectively.DEG(18.7 ml/kg)was administered intragastrically to the mice 1 hour before extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome administration on day 5.The manifestation of the poisoned mice were observed,the serum was prepared and the mice were then sacrificed after ig DEG for 24 h.The contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum of mice were assayed,and the liver tissues were collected and the ho-mogenate was prepared,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and the contents of malon-aldehyde(MDA)in liver homogenate were also detected.Results:After the administration of DEG,the poisoned manifestations of the mice were obviously visible,the ratio of liver to body weight increased,the contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum significantly in-creased,the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in liver homogenate decreased,and the contents of MDA in liver homogenate increased.Com-pared with that in DEG model group,in extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome treatment groups,the poisoned manifestations were ob-viously relieved,the ratio of liver to body weight decreased,the contents of ALT and AST and TBIL significantly lowered,the activities of SOD and GSH-PX were also markedly improved and the contents of MDA significantly decreased.Conclusion:DEG can obviously dam-age liver,but extracts from rhubarb and alismae rhizome have an obvious protective effect against DEG-induced acute liver injury,and the protection role is related to the improvement of antioxidation enzyme activities and suppression of lipid peroxidation.