Assistência à saúde de pessoas com doenças colorretais no sistema público a perspectiva do usuário / Health care for people with colorectal diseases in the public system: the user's perspective

Trata-se de um estudo de desenho misto, do tipo sequencial explanatório, sendo que na etapa quantitativa descritiva e transversal, objetivou-se analisar a demanda de atendimento de assistência de pessoas com queixas colorretais em Unidades de Saúde da Família no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); e na etapa qualitativa exploratória, interpretar o mapa de cuidado de pessoas com adoecimento colorretal crônico no SUS (Parecer No. 210/2018 CEP/EERP-USP). Na etapa quantitativa aplicou-se um instrumento de coleta de dados, elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, com base na revisão de literatura, para caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica, terapêutica e de referência de participantes usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família com queixas colorretais, mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão, no período de abril a setembro de 2019. A análise estatística descritiva dos dados indicou, que do total de 107 participantes, predominou 78 (72,9%) que tinham idade acima de 60 anos, 64 (59,8%) eram do sexo feminino, 61 (57%) tinham até oito anos de estudos, 68 (63,65) com companheiro, 56 (52,3%) eram aposentados, 45 (42,1%) apresentavam renda de até um salário mínimo e 95 (88,8%) não possuíam plano de saúde privado, sendo que o encaminhamento para o nível secundário foi devido ao protocolo de rastreamento para 62 (57,9%) e 45 (42,1%) por queixa colorretal, todos haviam realizado a Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto e destes, 78% tiveram resultado positivo; todos os entrevistados haviam recebido encaminhamento para realizar a colonoscopia. Além disso, 78 (72,9%) eram sedentários; e 66 (61,7%) consumiam carne vermelha e 45 (42,1%) embutidos. A análise univariada da associação das variáveis hábitos de vida, resultado de colonoscopia, presença de alterações displásicas ou doença colorretal não foi estatisticamente significante entre consumo de carne vermelha, consumo de embutidos ou ambos com o desfecho de colonoscopia normal, displasia intestinal com potencial neoplásico e doença diverticular ou orificial. Estes resultados dimensionaram o contexto de atendimento desta clientela na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), auxiliando o refinamento dos critérios de seleção dos possíveis participantes da etapa qualitativa. A etapa qualitativa foi realizada, no período de junho de 2020 a julho de 2020, mediante os critérios de seleção: pessoas acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico colorretal crônico: Doença inflamatória intestinal ou Neoplasia colorretal em internação especialidade de Coloproctologia de um hospital universitário público, de assistência terciária/quaternária. Nesta etapa, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade com 14 participantes, cuja caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e terapêutica revelou internação para tratamento cirúrgico, com maior gravidade clínica, sendo que 13 apresentavam diagnóstico de Neoplasia colorretal. Utilizou-se questões norteadoras, diário de campo, observação não participante e participante para a obtenção dos dados, que foram interpretados com Análise Temática, fundamentado pela Epidemiologia Social. O Mapa de Cuidado construído por estes, iniciou-se com queixas e sinais/sintomas gastrointestinais, envolvendo situações de maior gravidade clínica, com sofrimento físico e psicoemocional; diagnosticados como parasitose, hemorroidas e anemia na APS, cujos tratamentos não foram resolutivos. Para esta interpretação, articulou-se as ações destes participantes às suas queixas, à condição socioeconômica, cultural e psicoemocional, assim como à capacidade de enfrentamento do adoecimento oncológico e dos tratamentos, no qual ocorreu a focalização da vida destes e de suas famílias nos acontecimentos clínicos e terapêuticos do contexto de atendimento terciário/quaternário. O acesso aos serviços do SUS ocorreu de diferentes maneiras, com utilização de estratégias que agilizaram e asseguraram a resolução do seu problema de saúde, sendo que o agir leigo foi uma produção social, no cotidiano do SUS, mediado pelos acontecimentos, pelas ações dos profissionais e de suas próprias ações ou pelo sistema de apoio social, enfatizando-se o sofrimento desta clientela na busca pela assistência à saúde. Este mapa de cuidado mostrou que o agir leigo constituiu uma regulação assistencial no SUS, tão importante quanto as outras formas, composto pelos vínculos dos pacientes com profissionais dos serviços dos níveis primário, secundário, terciário/quaternário, de suas necessidades e possibilidades, além dos pontos de acesso ao sistema. Estes resultados poderão contribuir na implementação da gestão de cuidados de pessoas com adoecimento colorretal crônico no SUS, dando voz e protagonismo àquele que busca pela assistência à saúde

This is a study of mixed design, of an explanatory sequential type, and in the quantitative descriptive and transversal stage, the objective was to analyze the demand for assistance from people with colorectal symptoms in Family Health Units in the Unified System Health (SUS); and in the qualitative exploratory stage, interpret the care map for people with chronic colorectal illness in SUS (Note Nº. 210/2018 CEP / EERP-USP). In the quantitative stage, a data collection instrument was developed by the researchers, based on the literature review, for sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and reference characterization of participating users of the Family Health Strategy with colorectal symptoms, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, from April to September 2019. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data indicated that, out of a total of 107 participants, 78 (72.9%) predominated who were over 60 years old, 64 (59.8%) were female, 61 (57%) had up to eight years of study, 68 (63.65) with a partner, 56 (52.3%) were retired, 45 (42.1%) had an income of up to one minimum wage and 95 (88.8%) did not have a private health plan, and the referral to the secondary level was due to the screening protocol for 62 (57.9%) and 45 (42.1%) due to colorectal complaints, all had carried out the Occult Blood Survey and of these, 78% had a positive result; all respondents had been referred for colonoscopy. In addition, 78 (72.9%) were sedentary; and 66 (61.7%) consumed red meat and 45 (42.1%) sausages. The univariate analysis of the association of the variables life habits, the result of colonoscopy, presence of dysplastic changes or colorectal disease was not statistically significant between consumption of red meat, consumption of sausages or both with the outcome of normal colonoscopy, intestinal dysplasia with neoplastic potential and diverticular or artificial disease. These results have dimensioned the context of care for this clientele in Primary Health Care (PHC), helping to refine the selection criteria of possible participants in the qualitative stage. The qualitative stage was carried out, from June 2020 to July 2020, using the selection criteria: people over 18 years of age, of both sexes, with chronic colorectal diagnosis: Inflammatory bowel disease or Colorectal neoplasia in Coloproctology specialty hospitalization of a public university hospital, of tertiary/quaternary assistance. In this stage, data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with 14 participants, whose sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characterization revealed hospitalization for surgical treatment, with greater clinical severity, with 13 presenting a diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia. Guiding questions, field diary, non-participant and participant observation were used to obtain the data, which were interpreted with Thematic Analysis, based on Social Epidemiology. The Care Map built by them started with gastrointestinal complaints and signs/symptoms, involving situations of greater clinical severity, with physical and psycho-emotional suffering; diagnosed as parasitosis, hemorrhoids, and anemia in PHC, whose treatments were not effective. For this interpretation, the actions of these participants were linked to their complaints, to their socioeconomic, cultural, and psycho-emotional condition, as well as to their ability to cope with oncological illness and treatments, in which the lives of these and their families were focused on the events and therapeutic aspects of the tertiary/quaternary care context. Access to SUS services occurred in different ways, using strategies that streamlined and ensured the resolution of their health problem, and the lay agency as social production, in the daily routine of SUS, mediated by events, by the actions of professionals and their actions or the social support system, emphasizing the suffering of this clientele in the search for health care. This care map showed that the lay act constituted an assistance regulation in SUS, as important as the other forms, composed by the bonds of patients with professionals from the services of the primary, secondary, tertiary/quaternary levels, of their needs and possibilities, in addition to the access points to the system. These results may contribute to the implementation of the care management of people with chronic colorectal illness in SUS, giving voice and leadership to those seeking health care.

Perspectiva dos Discentes de Medicina de uma Universidade Pública sobre Saúde e Qualidade de Vida / Viewpoint of Medical Students from a Public University on Health and Quality of Life

RESUMO Introdução Desde o preparo para o ingresso até a conclusão do curso de Medicina, há uma cobrança além do conteúdo; exige-se preparo emocional. Diante de um curso com carga horária integral, que demanda dedicação intensa para atingir boa bagagem teórico-prática e contemplar as exigências curriculares, e, muitas vezes, da distância da família, tem-se a percepção diminuída da qualidade de vida entre esse grupo. Essa adaptação a mudanças fisiológicas e emocionais é capaz de interferir no processo de adoecimento desse grupo, refletindo na atuação profissional e na comunidade em que atuará. Objetivo Conhecer hábitos de vida e o processo de adoecimento dos acadêmicos de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) ao longo do curso, além de buscar entender a possível relação entre esses fatores e a alta incidência de queixas gástricas nesse grupo. Metodologia Estudo descritivo e transversal cuja amostra é composta de estudantes de Medicina do 1º ao 8º período da UFAL, separados por gênero e ciclo do curso. Utilizou-se o método de Bardin para análise qualitativa do conteúdo gerado na discussão dos grupos. Resultados Por meio da análise de Bardin, chegou-se à categoria final qualidade de vida, em todos os grupos, feminino e masculino, tanto do ciclo básico quanto do ciclo clínico. Essa categoria advém das categoriais intermediárias: acessibilidade à alimentação saudável, hábitos de vida e sintomas gerais. A carga horária exorbitante foi a principal queixa dos grupos. Chamaram atenção a frequência das queixas gastrointestinais e a distância do núcleo familiar. Destacaram-se as peculiaridades de cada grupo nas categoriais iniciais, a competitividade entre as alunas do 5º ao 8º período do sexo feminino e a ingestão de bebida alcoólica entre alunos do sexo masculino do 5º e o 8º período. Discussão A diminuição da qualidade de vida é resultado da matriz curricular, com mais de oito mil horas. O reflexo dessa carga horária exorbitante é o estresse, que serve de gatilho para qualidade de sono ruim e carência de tempo para dormir, hábitos alimentares precários, ingestão de bebida alcoólica, nervosismo, ansiedade, competividade, sintomas como cefaleia, dores nas costas e sintomas e patologias digestivas. Com o sistema de seleção unificado, a distância do núcleo familiar transformou o perfil e as necessidades desse grupo, refletindo nas condições financeiras e responsabilidades adicionais que precisam assumir. Considerações finais Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa sobre os principais fatores que levam à diminuição da qualidade de vida e à repercussão desse processo no adoecimento tanto de estudantes do sexo masculino quanto do feminino nos diferentes períodos do curso de Medicina coincidem com os da literatura nacional e internacional. Há uma tendência mundial que aposta no autocuidado do currículo médico, a fim de formar profissionais mais capacitados. Em vista disso, este artigo pode despertar as instituições universitárias sobre a necessidade de intervir no curso de Medicina.

ABSTRACT Introduction From premed to graduating from medical school, more than just the academic content is required from students, and emotional preparation is necessary. Faced with a full-time course that demands intense dedication to achieve good theoretical-practical background and contemplate the curricular requirements and, being often far away from one's family, there is a diminished perception of quality of life in this group. This adaptation to physiological and emotional changes is capable of interfering with the disease process in this group of individuals, affecting their professional performance and the community where they will work at. Objective To know the life habits and disease processes of medical students of the Federal University of Alagoas throughout the medical course. In addition to seeking to understand the possible association between these factors and the high incidence of gastric complaints in this group. Methodology This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, comprising medical students from the 1 st to 8 th periods of the Federal University of Alagoas, separated by gender and course cycle. The Bardin method was used for the qualitative analysis of the content generated during the discussions with the groups. Results Through Bardin analysis , the final category of quality of life was reached in the female and male groups, both in the basic cycle and in the clinical cycle. This category derives from intermediate categories: access to a healthy diet, life habits and overall symptoms. An excessive workload was the groups' main complaint. The frequency of gastrointestinal complaints and those related to being away from the family is noteworthy. It is worth noting the peculiarities of each group in the initial categories, the competitiveness among female students from the 5 th to the 8 th periods and alcohol consumption among male students in the 5 th and 8 th periods. Discussion The decrease in the quality of life is a result of the curricular matrix with more than 8,000 hours. The consequences of this excessive workload is the stress that works as a trigger for poor sleep quality and lack of time to sleep; unhealthy eating habits; alcohol consumption; nervousness, anxiety, competitiveness; symptoms such as headaches, back pain and digestive symptoms and pathologies. With the Unified Selection System, being away from the family nucleus has transformed the profile and needs of this group, reflecting the financial conditions and additional responsibilities they need to assume. Final Considerations The results of this research about the main factors that lead to a decrease in the quality of life and the consequences of this process for the health of both male and female students during the different periods of medical school are in agreement with the national and international literature. There is a worldwide tendency that contemplates including self-care in the medical school curriculum, aiming to train more qualified professionals; hence, this article can make the university institutions aware of the need to intervene in the medical course.

Research progress on the relationship between oral microbes and digestive system diseases / 华西口腔医学杂志

The human microbiome project promoted further understanding on human oral microbes. Besides oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer, oral microbes are closely associated with systematic diseases. They have a close connection with digestive system diseases and even contribute to the origination and progression of colorectal cancer. By reviewing recent studies involving oral microbe-related digestive systemic diseases, we aim to propose the considerable role of oral microbes in relation to digestive systemic diseases and the way of oral microbes to multiple organs of digestive system.

The digestive system disease in COPD / 医学研究生学报

Although nowadays healthcare systems are largely configured to manage individual diseases rather than multimor -bidity,there is an increasing awareness of the importance of comorbidities in patients with chronic conditions.COPD often coexists with other diseases,as cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, renal and gastrointestinal diseases.The digestive system disease and COPD have mutual influence,common risk factors,and they increase the severity of each other.This review summarizes the existing literatures on the link of gastroesophageal reflux disease,inflammatory bowel disease,peptic ulcer,helicobacter pylori infection,chro-nic gastritis,irritable bowel syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in COPD.

Clinic analysis of miniprobe sonography in patients with eminence lesion of upper gastrointesitinal tract / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the diagnosic value of miniprobe sonography (MPS) in eminence lesion of upper gastrointes-itinal tract .Methods MPS were performed in 485 patients with eminence lesion of upper gastrointesitinal tract .334 patients were given histologic examination .The pathological examination results were compared with diagnosis of MPS and gastroenterology .Re-sults 80 stromal tumors ,41 leiomyomas ,22 cases of ectopic pancreases ,67 cancers ,28 cysts ,26 lipomas ,25 hemangioma ,42 in-flammatory hyperplasia ,104 polyps ,25 cases of protuberance from outside organs ,1 lymphoma and 8 cases of duodenal Brunner gland hyperplasia were detected .The accurancy rate of MPS was 76 .65% which is higher than gastroscope′s .Conclusion MPS is helpful to scope the extent and location of the eminence lesion of upper gastrointesitinal tract and display security of endoscopic bi-opsy .M PS do benefit to the diagnosis ,differential diagnosis and treatment of eminence lesion of upper gastrointesitinal tract .

Clinical Trials with Stem Cells in Digestive Diseases and Future Perspectives / 대한소화기학회지

Many techniques for isolation, expansion and handling of stem cells are being developed rapidly, and preclinical evidence has shown the possibility to use this technology for refractory diseases in the near future. Among refractory digestive diseases, Crohn's disease and liver cirrhosis may be two main diseases where stem cell therapy can be applied for anti-inflammation and regeneration of tissue. Currently, with respect to these two diseases, clinical trials using hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow or adipose tissue have shown some evidence of clinical benefits to immune modulation, suppression of inflammation and regeneration of functional cells. However, for the development of practical stem cell therapy, we need more data on underlying mechanisms, effective subpopulation of stem cells and its sources, and effective parameters for monitoring and estimation. With technical advances, the research on embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells will also contribute to the new therapeutic strategies for digestive regenerative medicine. In the future, a variety of stem cell therapies may be therapeutic options for refractory digestive diseases, but many technical challenges remain to be solved.

Mathodological evaluation of reporting of clinical randomized controlled trials In the field of digestive diseases in China / 中华消化杂志

Objective To estimate the current quality of the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to digestive diseases in China. Methods All the papers related to RCTs published in Chinese Journal of Digestion from 1999 to 2008 were hand-searched by professional staff then evaluated and analyzed them according to the international reference standard. ResultsIn the 3298 issues of the recent ten years, there were 92 research papers of RCTs which was accounting for 2.8%. The sample size ranged from 18 to 5241. Sixty-one (66.0%) trials included the exact standard of internalize and exclusion. Sixteen (17.4%) trails told the specific method of random allocation and 22(23.9%) were double-blinded. Fifty-eight (63.0%) trials compared the baseline condition of each groups. Seventy-three(79.3%) trails showed the specific approach of statistic. In the end, only 7(5.7%) trails were identified as the strictly-designed RCTs. Conclusions The quantity and quality of the clinical RCTs can not satisfy the demand of clinical practice. Strictly-scientific designed, multicentered, large sample prospective clinical RCT should be advocated.

Correlations of the incidence of asymptomatic diverticula with the age increasing in patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study the correlation of the incidence of diverticula in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the age increasing among the people without any symptom in digestive system. Methods Six hundred and fourty-five elderly and pre-elderly people(age from 50 to 79 years)with asymptom diverticula were divided into 3 groups basing on their age:50 to 59 years group(206 cases),60 to 69 years group(201cases) and 70 to 79 years group(238 cases).Difference in numbers and locations of the diverticula in each group were analysed. Results The patients with diverticula in each group were found to be 37 cases(18.0%)、56 cases(27.9%)and 68 cases(28.6%), respectively, showing that among these 3 groups, the incidence of diverticula increased with ages (P

The value of ultrasonic mini probe in the diagnosis of lesions of lower digestive tract / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonic mini probe(UMP) in the diagnosis of lower digestive tract lesions . Methods one hundred and fifteen patients with lesions of lower digestive tract were undergone EUS with UMP (Olympus UM-3R, 20MHz; UM-2R, 12MHz). Results Eighty one cases with colorectal carcinoma appeared as a hypoechoic mass under UMP. UMP had an overall accuracy rate of 82. 7% (67/81) in the diagnosis of depth of infiltrative colorectal carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of UMP in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 55. 4% and 68. 8% respectively. All 15 cases with submucosal tumors were diagnosed correctly under EUS except one leiomyoma misdiagnosed as leiomyosarcoma and other 10 and 9 cases were ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseases respectively. Conclusions UMP has a high accuracy in determining the invasive depth of colorectal carcinoma and submucosal tumors. The preoperative UMP may provide much information and influence on the choice of therapy for colorectal carcinoma and submucosal tumors.